Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SOCIAL CONDITIONS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Childhood malaria in Kinshasa (Zaire). Influence of seasons, age, environment, and family social conditions].

Frequency of malaria in children was evaluated from march 1986 to February 1987 in six districts of Kinshasa by paludometric survey with multiple visits. The six districts were selected according to their geographical situation and their degree of urbanisation. Each month, two stocks of children from 0 to 10 years old dwelling in a street were selected district and visited twice randomization in each selected district and visited twice at 2 weeks of interval. 5,541 children were examined at the occasion of the second visit. Influence of seasons, age, district, socio-economic level of the family and level of education of the parents was determined by analysing the following parameters: plasmodial index, parasitic density, incidence of fever attacks, conversion rate of thick smear, antimalaria drug consumption. Parasitic prevalence is 50 p.c. annual incidence of fever attacks is 50 p.c. and annual frequency of antimalaria drugs is 3,64 per child. Dry seasons (June-September and January-February) ease the pathophoresis and pathogenicity of plasmodia. The age group of less than one year is relatively less parasitized but from 2 years, contact with parasites is very high and without any significant evolution up to 10 years. The district where a child is living plays a predominant role on paludometric indices. Transmission is deeply influenced by geographical situation in the center of the town or in outlying districts and by the socio-economic environment (basic equipment, streets conditions, quality of accommodation). The socio-economic level of the child's family is also important in regard to malaria prevention. The level of education of the parents and mainly the mother has the greatest influence.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Are operative delivery procedures in Greece socially conditioned?

Caesarean section rates have increased in Greece by almost 50% during the last 13 years. We conducted a study in Athens, Greece, to assess the importance of a series of medical and socioeconomic factors in the use of Caesarean section or operative vaginal procedures, rather than a non-operative process, for the delivery of singleton, liveborn babies of primiparous mothers. We used a case control approach to compare 444 babies delivered through a Caesarean section and 130 delivered through operative vaginal delivery with 1235 normally delivered babies in a public and a private hospital. Data were analysed through multiple logistic regression. Caesarean section was more commonly performed in older, shorter or overweight mothers and for high and low birth-weight babies, as well as in response to several obstetric complications and following in-vitro fertilization. A similar pattern was noted with respect to operative vaginal delivery, except that this procedure was not unusually frequent among overweight women and was not encountered in this study among children born after in-vitro fertilization. Caesarean section was performed twice as often in the public teaching hospital as in a private maternity hospital, and operative vaginal delivery was several times more common in the former than in the latter, after controlling for biomedical risk factors. The unequal distribution of operative delivery procedures between the public and the private hospital raises questions about the justification of their performance in a substantial fraction of deliveries, and indicates that social factors condition their use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Senior migrants in Bremen: demographic structure, social condition and health status].

In the coming years, the number of migrants of 60 and older will rise considerably in Germany. There are indications that their health problems are more severe than those of the native population, and that much can be done to supplement health care offers for them. The authors suggest to put this statement on a more objective basis and bridge the gaps of empirical research, focussing both on health relevant aspects of the general situation of senior migrants (differences in the cultural background, migration biography, accommodation, integration/segregation etc.) and on the health status itself. At the same time preconditions and possibilities of an intercultural opening of care structures and culture-sensitive nursing should be utilised and further developed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Diabetes mellitus in children. Therapeutic control, social conditions and self care].

We present a descriptive study of children with diabetes mellitus in Sør-Trøndelag county. The study included 66 children. Eight of these children had at least one other chronic disease in addition to diabetes. 31 children used more than two insulin injections daily. The median value of HbA1c was 8.6%. HbA1c was positively correlated with duration of diabetes. However, for the children who were out of remission, HbA1c was positively correlated with age and negatively with number of meals per day. Children whose parents were divorced or single had higher HbA1c than children whose parents were married or lived together. HbA1c was also higher among children who received special lessons at school than among children who did not receive such lessons. Thus, age, duration of diabetes and psychosocial factors were the most important determinants for metabolic control in our study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Socioeconomic status, neighborhood social conditions, and neural tube defects.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the contributions of lower socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics to neural tube defect etiology. The influence of additional factors, including periconceptional multivitamin use and race/ethnicity, was also explored. METHODS: Data derived from a case-control study of California pregnancies from 1989 to 1991. Mothers of 538 (87.8% of eligible) case infants/fetuses with neural tube defects and mothers of 539 (88.2%) nonmalformed infants were interviewed about their SES. Reported addresses were linked to 1990 US census information to characterize neighborhoods. RESULTS: Twofold elevated risks were observed for several SES indicators. Risks were somewhat confounded by vitamin use, race/ethnicity, age, body mass index, and fever but remained elevated after adjustment. A risk gradient was seen with increasing number of lower SES indicators. Women with 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 lower SES indicators had adjusted odds ratios of 1.6 (1.1-2.2) and 3.2 (1.9-5.4), respectively, compared with women with no lower SES indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Both lower SES and residence in a SES-lower neighborhood increased the risk of an neural tube defect-affected pregnancy, with risks increasing across a gradient of SES indicators.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Health situation and related social conditions among 66-year-old Finnish men.

The aims of the study were to reveal the extent of physical activity, nutritional habits, smoking and alcohol consumption and the relation of these to previous occupation among recently retired men. The number of men belonging to various health risk groups was estimated on the basis of the results. About 10% had inadequate nutritional habits as judged from their food expenses and number of daily hot meals and about 20% practised physical exercise in the way which is considered necessary for the improvement of cardiovascular performance and maximal oxygen uptake. Only a small minority had been requested to undertake physical exercise. About 18% lived alone. The problems were more pronounced among the men retired from manual occupations compared with men whose main occupation had been of a sedentary nature. The results indicate that a considerable proportion of elderly men would need more advice and more adequate services in order to improve their daily living habits. Any such measures should preferably be started before retirement as the living habits adopted during the earlier periods of life seem to remain unchanged in old age. The results are based on an interview study carried out among 137 66-year-old men representing about 90% of the men of that age group living in Jyväskylä, a town of 60000 inhabitants in Central Finland.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Food consumption of school children regarding their social condition. Córdoba, Republic of Argentina].

This report reveals the daily consumption of nourishing food in primary school children coming from the north of Córdoba, Argentina, in relationship with their socio economic status, SES. Four categories were determined according to the place the chief support of the family occupies in the productive system. A 24 hours recall test was applied to obtain nutritional data as well as the weight and method of measure. Differences among the established categories were pointed out by socioeconomic indicators (P < 0.001). Powder and liquid milk ingesta showed statistic differences (P < 0.005), at the same time, the consumption of this food was poor, and it was not being incorporated into the scholarship's diet. The per-capita proportion of meat ingesta was over 100 g, in the whole group. Difference (P < 0.005) were noticed among the SES when the consumption was over 200 g. The consumption of fruits and vegetables is low. On the contrary, it was shown an increase in cereals and legumes ingesta as the SES decreased (P < 0.005). Analyzing the fitness of the diet it was found that the 53% of SES IV children showed calorie shortage whereas the proteins evaluation revealed excess consumption in the 88% of the studied scholarships. Other deficiencies were also found, such as calcium, riboflavin, thiamine, niacin in the whole group. This study also showed statistic differences with respect to the consumption of energy, calcium and ascorbic acid (P < 0.05).

Argentina↗
PubMed1987

[Social conditions and ischemic heart disease in the female].

In the development of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women, there are a variety of factors which, possibly, may exert an influence. The recognition of such factors must be considered prerequisite to a preventive approach to the disease. Possible relationships between socio-economic conditions, in particular education level and occupation as well as marital status and number of children, with manifestations of IHD or presence of risk factors have been studied. Recently, results have been published from the Cottbus Prevention Study/GDR (CGPPS), the World Health Organization Project Eberbach-Wiesloch/FRG and US-American analyses (NHANES II). On evaluation of available data and assessment of the coronary risk profile in women, it should be taken into consideration that comparison is encumbered by the facts that the studies did not employ uniform definitions of socio-economic classification, risk factors and IHD and that they were subject to differing historical developments. Similar to that observed in men, arterial hypertension and overweight was seen significantly more frequently in women factory workers and rural women than in their more sophisticated counterparts. As in other studies, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in women did not differ among the socio-economic stratifications. The number of smokers was significantly higher in those at the upper levels of education than in women factory workers and rural women or office workers and housewives. There was an inverse relationship between the level of education and mean arterial blood pressure. There was no relationship, however, between income and cholesterol levels. In women working at the lower levels of employment, there was a higher incidence of IHD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1990

Working conditions, social support, and the well-being of female and male factory workers.

Previous research on the effects of working conditions on well-being typically has focused on men; the few studies including women have compared men and women in different work settings. We analyze the effects of four kinds of working conditions--job demands, job deprivations and rewards, physical environment, and work-related social support--on the well-being of female and male factory workers in similar jobs. We also test for buffering (interaction) effects of social support (from co-workers, supervisors, and company programs) on relations between working conditions and well-being. All types of working conditions affect well-being, but there are almost no gender differences in the effects of working conditions on well-being. Although work-related social support promotes well-being among both women and men, it does not (at least as measured here) buffer effects of other stressful working conditions. In general, the results indicate considerable gender similarity in the processes through which the job affects well-being.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The health status of children under poor ecological and social conditions].

In the Republic of Altai, the past decades are marked by poor trends in the children's health status: lower birth rates, a rise in general and infantile mortality and morbidity and worse physical development. The districts and areas that differ in environmental and social characteristics have been identified. Their comparison has determined the influence of environmental and social factors on the health status of children. There is a relationship of the children's health to environmental and social factors. It has been found that social factors much more influence than do environmental ones. A combination of environmental and social factors exerts the greatest impact on the basic health indices. In the area exposed to a combination of negative effects of these factors where natives predominantly live, there are negative changes in the children's health status. The leading social factors are maternal working conditions, familial financial position, a child's dietary habits, and living conditions.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Social stress differentially regulates neuroendocrine responses in laying hens: I. Genetic basis of dopamine responses under three different social conditions.

Effects of genetic-environmental interactions on plasma dopamine (DA) concentrations were studied in White Leghorn chickens selected for both high (HGPS) or low (LGPS) group productivity and survivability resulting from cannibalism and flightiness. Plasma DA levels were measured from chickens in three social treatments: single-, two-, or ten-hen cages. The two-hen treatment consisted of paired chickens from three genetic lines: HGPS, LGPS and a commercial strain, Dekalb XL (DXL). In HGPS/DXL and LGPS/DXL pairs, the DXL hen was used as a standardized genetic competitor. The ten-hen treatment contained only hens from the same line, which is similar to the original selection condition. After 7 weeks housing in the social environments, LGPS hens in the ten-hen treatment had greater plasma DA concentrations than HGPS hens (P<0.05). Compared to levels in the ten-hen treatment from the same line, plasma DA concentrations in both HGPS and LGPS hens were significantly lower in the two-hen treatment (average mean, 0.09 vs. 0.15 ng/ml and 0.22 vs. 0.44 ng/ml, P<0.05, respectively), but significantly higher in the single-hen treatment (average mean, 0.44 vs. 0.15 ng/ml and 1.78 vs. 0.44 ng/ml, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In the single-hen treatment, LGPS hens had greater plasma DA levels than HGPS hens (P<0.05). The results provide evidence of genetically related differences in the regulation of chickens' plasma DA concentrations in response to social stress. These differences may magnify the behavioral and physiological differences observed in the lines under basal and challenged conditions. These results suggest that these chicken lines may provide a new model for investigating effects of DA on the control of behavioral, neural and endocrine responses to stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison between children of alcoholic fathers from excellent versus poor social conditions.

In a longitudinal research project, the authors have followed up the children of male alcoholics from the lowest social class. The results of these studies have shown that, when they are still small, the children exhibit signs of mental disturbances and that the boys, when they become adults, develop social maladjustment problems and addictions, and have a high rate of both somatic and psychiatric diseases. In comparison to their controls, the values found for these variables are consistently higher for the probands. In the present study, a comparison was made between 85 children of alcoholic fathers from the highest social class and 100 children of alcoholic fathers from the lowest social class. The results indicated that the former group was just as likely to develop social maladjustment problems, including abuse of alcohol and drugs, while they were growing up as the latter group of children. Viewed from this standpoint, it is apparent that, regardless of which social background they grow up in, children are in a risk-zone if the father is an alcoholic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Differential effect of lesioning of the central amygdala on the bradycardiac and behavioral response of the rat in relation to conditioned social and solitary stress.

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) is considered to be involved in stress-dependent regulation of autonomic functions. In the present study the effects of a bilateral electrolytic lesion of the CEA on the cardiac response and on the duration of immobility behavior in two conditioned stress situations have been analysed in Wistar rats. Fear of a previously received electric footshock elicited in almost all animals a profound early bradycardia and a marked immobility behavior in comparison to non-stressed freely moving controls. Lesioning of the CEA completely abolished the bradycardiac response. Immobility behavior was slightly diminished. The conditioned fear of a dominant rat following social defeat was accompanied by a bradycardiac response in about 50% of the rats. This bradycardiac response was not accompanied by significant immobility behavior. The rest of the defeated rats--i.e. cardiac 'non-responders'--displayed an early increase in immobility behavior. The CEA lesion abolished again the bradycardiac response, but the immobility behavior remained unchanged. In the cardiac 'non-responders' CEA lesion failed to affect immobility behavior, and the heart rate also remained unchanged. These results suggest that the CEA is involved in the organization of conditioned parasympathetic responses independent of the nature of stress. In contrast, the role of this nucleus in the organization of the immobility behavior seems to depend on the nature of stress and other, probably individual characteristics of the rats' behavior.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1990

[Infant mortality and health and social conditions in the Americas. A correlation study].

The relation between the infant mortality rate, as a health indicator, and various demographic, social and health care development indexes is explored by means of an ecological, study based on correlation theory. Results show that the variables of greatest influence are maternal education and birth rate. It seems apparent that, once a minimal level is achieved, an increase of resources devoted to medical care, does not by itself, improve the infant mortality rate in these countries.

Americas↗