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Exclusion of infectious diseases from sheep and goat farms.

It is important for practitioners and owners to be aware of the risk associated with an open herd. This article has discussed some of the infectious diseases that might be inadvertently introduced. Many others--including most exotic diseases and some that are regulated by governmental agencies, such as tuberculosis and brucellosis--have been omitted. It should be obvious that a simple health certificate is an inadequate guarantee of freedom from infections. Instead, producers should be prepared to invest both time and money in evaluating the health status of the herd of origin. Some of the diseases discussed, such as foot rot, cause tremendous financial losses. Others, such as pinkeye, can be easily "lived with." The point to be made is that producers should consider all these and other diseases and then make informed decisions based on the probable cost of these diseases if they became established in the herd.

Animals↗

Histopathology of periodontal disease in sheep.

A histological investigation was carried out of the periodontia of young and mature sheep obtained from areas where a periodontal syndrome is endemic in sheep flocks. Observations of the incisor periodontia, which are most commonly affected by the syndrome, revealed no evidence of degenerative or pathological changes of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament or cementum compared with the periodontia of control animals. Minor inflammatory changes of the gingivae, associated with small amounts of a filamentous-type dental plaque, were noted in young animals from areas where the disease is endemic. In mature animals moderate to severe inflammatory periodontal disease with deep pocketing was evident together with dental plaque in the sheep from periodontal disease-prone areas; whereas control specimens showed minimal inflammatory response and dental plaque. It was concluded that periodontal disease in sheep can be described as a localized inflammatory disease initially of the gingivae and later of the deeper periodontal disease.

Animals↗

Presence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (border disease) in sheep and goat flocks in Quebec.

A seroepidemiological study of border disease was conducted in sheep and goats in various areas of Quebec. Sera of 10% of animals of selected flocks were collected and specific antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea- mucosal disease were tested by seroneutralization. Results show that 10.9% and 16% of sheep and goats respectively gave a positive reaction. The lower serological prevalence was found in sheep flocks of the Sherbrooke area (5.4%) while the highest percentage of positive sera was observed in the Quebec area (24.7%). The prevalence in goats varied according to areas (2.6 to 45.5%). No relation was observed in seropositive animals between age, sex, breed and the presence of abortions in the flocks. Our serological results indicate that border disease is probably present in Quebec sheep and goat flocks but that the clinical diagnosis of this disease is not well established.

Animals↗

Clinical variations of border disease in sheep according to the source of the inoculum.

Non-cytopathogenic pestivirus obtained from lambs with border disease, with or without nervous signs, was inoculated into pregnant ewes at 57 to 65 days of gestation. Live lambs born to inoculated ewes were clinically identical to the lambs from which virus was obtained, ie, either a hairy birth coat with central nervous system disturbance or a hairy birth coat without central nervous system disturbance.

Abortion, Veterinary↗

[Respiratory diseases in sheep due to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae].

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was isolated from sheep and lambs affected with a respiratory disease. It was established that the pneumonic disease caused by this organism was a severe one, with high mortality rate in young lambs. Adult sheep and older lambs remained chronically affected. Susceptibility varied, depending on the breed of the animals, some imported animals running a more severe course of the disease than the local ones. The disease was artificially induced in lambs at the joint infection with M. ovipneumoniae and P. haemolytica. The morphologic changes in the lungs consisted in a prevailing proliferation of the septal cells and polynuclear cells in the alveoli, an interseptal histiocyte proliferation, and a serous leukocyte infiltration.

Animals↗

Investigating the potential spread of infectious diseases of sheep via agricultural shows in Great Britain.

The rate at which infectious diseases spread through farm animal populations depends both on individual disease characteristics and the opportunity for transmission via close contact. Data on the relationships affecting the contact structure of farm animal populations are, therefore, required to improve mathematical models for the spatial spread of farm animal diseases. This paper presents data on the contact network for agricultural shows in Great Britain, whereby a link between two shows occurs if they share common competitors in the sheep class. Using the network, the potential for disease spread through agricultural shows is investigated varying both the initial show infected and the infectious period of the disease. The analysis reveals a highly connected network such that diseases introduced early in the show season could present a risk to sheep at the majority of subsequent shows. This data emphasizes the importance of maintaining rigorous showground and farm-level bio-security.

Agriculture↗

[Characterization of the involvement of respiratory diseases in sheep herds in the Sahelian zone in Senegal].

A study was applied in traditionally raised small ruminants in the Senegal Sahelian zone, in order to define the breeding factors linked to respiratory disorders, and to suggest an efficient prevention scheme. A first analysis, which took into account the season, age, and sex effects, led to a definition of the importance of the disease in sheep using different parameters to characterize the pathology. The between-group variability will allow the identification of the factors linked to the disorder, among which breeding techniques may be of great importance.

Age Factors↗

[Parasitic diseases in sheep and goats in Germany].

A review is presented on the species spectrum, biology and epidemiology of endo- and ectoparasites of sheep and goats in Germany. Current therapeutic, prophylactic and metaphylactic measures are given and discussed.

Animals↗