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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Bacteriological studies of blood, tissue fluid, lymph and lymph nodes in patients with acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA) in course of 'filarial' lymphedema.

Filarial lymphedema is complicated by frequent episodes of dermatolymphangioadenitis (DLA). Severe systemic symptoms during attacks of DLA resemble those of septicemia. The question we asked was whether bacterial isolates can be found in the peripheral blood of patients during the episodes of DLA. Out of 100 patients referred to us with 'filarial' lymphedema 14 displayed acute and five subacute symptoms of DLA. All were on admission blood microfilariae negative but had a positive test in the past. Blood bacterial isolates were found in nine cases, four acute (21%) and five subacute (26%). In 10 acute cases blood cultures were found negative. Six blood isolates belonged to Bacilli, four to Cocci and one was Sarcina. To identify the sites of origin of bacterial dissemination, swabs taken from the calf skin biopsy wounds and tissue fluid, lymph and lymph node specimens were cultured. Swabs from the calf skin biopsy wound contained isolates in nine (47%) cases. They were Bacilli in nine, Cocci in three, Acinetobacter and Erwinia in two cases. Tissue fluid was collected from 10 patients and contained Bacilli in four (40%) and Staphylococci in three (30%). Lymph was drained in four patients and contained isolates in all samples (100%). They were Staphylococcus epidermis, xylosus and aureus, Acinetobacter, Bacillus subtilis and Sarcina. Three lymph nodes were biopsied and contained Staphylococcus chromogenes, xylosus, Enterococcus and Bacillus cereus. In six cases the same phenotypically defined species of bacteria were found in blood and limb tissues or fluids. In the 'control' group of patients with lymphedema without acute or subacute changes all blood cultures were negative. Interestingly, swabs from biopsy wound of these patients contained isolates in 80%, tissue fluid in 68%, lymph in 70% and lymph nodes in 58% of cases. In healthy controls, tissue fluid did not contain bacteria, and lymph isolates were found only in 12% of cases. This study demonstrates that patients with acute episodes of DLA reveal bacteremia in a high percentage of cases. Diversity of blood and tissue bacterial isolates in these patients points to a breakdown of the skin immune barrier in lymphedema and subsequently indiscriminate bacterial colonization of deep tissues and spread to an blood circulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Insecticides: their effect on microorganisms and persistence in rice soil.

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four insecticides, HCH, phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, at recommended doses on the preponderance of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. We also measured the persistence of the insecticides in the rhizosphere soil of rice. HCH and fenvalerate stimulated the proliferation of all of the microorganisms significantly. Phorate increased the population of bacteria and actinomycetes. Carbofuran accentuated the preponderance of actinomycetes in soil. Insecticides, in general, did not have marked influence on the proliferation of Bacillus, Streptomyces, Aspergillus and Fusarium in soil. However, we observed a stimulation of growth of Staphylococcus, Proteus and Sarcina with HCH, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix and Rhizopus with phorate, Serratia, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Escherichia, Rhizopus and Humicola with carbofuran, and Staphylococcus, Sarcina, Klebsiella and Nocardia with fenvalerate. On the other hand, there was an inhibition in growth of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Nocardia and Penicillium with HCH, of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Penicillium with carbofuran, and of Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Micromonospora with fenvalerate. Different types of insecticides exhibited differential patterns of dissipation in soil. HCH had the highest persistence followed by phorate, carbofuran and fenvalerate, respectively.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of killing of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria by pure singlet oxygen.

Gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were found to display different sensitivities to pure singlet oxygen generated outside of cells. Killing curves for Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains were indicative of multihit killing, whereas curves for Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, and Streptococcus faecalis exhibited single-hit kinetics. The S. typhimurium deep rough strain TA1975, which lacks nearly all of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide coat and manifests concomitant enhancement of penetration by some exogenous substances, responded to singlet oxygen with initially faster inactivation than did the S. typhimurium wild-type strain, although the maximum rates of killing appeared to be quite similar. The structure of the cell wall thus plays an important role in susceptibility to singlet oxygen. The outer membrane-lipopolysaccharide portion of the gram-negative cell wall initially protects the bacteria from extracellular singlet oxygen, although it may also serve as a source for secondary reaction products which accentuate the rates of cell killing. S. typhimurium and E. coli strains lacking the cellular antioxidant, glutathione, showed no difference from strains containing glutathione in response to the toxic effects of singlet oxygen. Strains of Sarcina lutea and Staphylococcus aureus that contained carotenoids, however, were far more resistant to singlet oxygen lethality than were both carotenoidless mutants of the same species and other gram-positive species lacking high levels of protective carotenoids.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1963

PREPARATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE GAMMA- AND DELTA-LACTONES BY MICROBIOLOGICAL REDUCTION OF THE CORRESPONDING KETO ACIDS.

It was found, by means of simple screening methods, that several yeasts (Saccharomyces and Candida), molds (Cladosporium), and bacteria (Sarcina) are able to reduce keto acids to hydroxy acids, which are easily converted into lactones. Chemical analysis showed that some of the microorganisms (Saccharomyces and Candida) produce dextrorotatory lactones and others (Cladosporium and Sarcina) produce levorotatory lactones. High yields of dextrorotatory (both gamma- and delta-lactones) were obtained by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The physical properties of the carefully distilled lactones obtained indicated high purity and high optical purity.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Tissue distribution and residues of beta-lactam antibiotics in normal dairy cows.

Tissue residues and concentrations of benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, cephapirin, and cephacetrile were determined in normal dairy cows after parenteral administration of several forms of these drugs. Assay methods included the Sarcina lutea Kidney Test of Van Schothorst, the Bacillus subtilis BGA Tests at pH 6.0 and 8.0, the Escherichia coli Test and a Sarcina lutea Test performed at pH 8.0 of the agar, and specific quantitative assay methods. The E. coli test method demonstrated an insensitivity for the beta-lactam antibiotic residues. Identical results in residue testing of meat and kidney were obtained with the B. subtilis BGA tests and S. lutea test at pH 8.0, and these test methods replicated each other. The S. lutea Kidney Test was very often positive at times after treatment when the antibiotics were no longer detected in the meat. The qualitative and quantitative residue data from the renal cortex were higher than the data obtained from the muscle meat. The concentration relationship between renal cortex and muscle meat dependent on the formulation and type of drug used, and on the time of sampling after treatment. After treatment with products containing ampicillin trihydrate and procaine penicillin an unexpectedly long persistence of these drugs in the renal cortex was observed. It is suggested that, in the case of beta-lactam antibiotics, meat tests are more accurate indicators for the residue status of the carcass.

Animals↗
PubMed1965

STAPHYLOLYTIC SUBSTANCE FROM A SPECIES OF PSEUDOMONAS.

A substance that rapidly lyses living cells of Staphylococcus aureus, S. roseus, Gaffkya tetragena, and Sarcina lutea has been partially purified. The substance is produced extracellularly by a species of Pseudomonas which was isolated from soil by an enrichment procedure.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1963

FREE RADICAL FORMATION AND SURVIVAL OF LYOPHILIZED MICROORGANISMS.

Heckly, Robert J. (University of California, Berkeley), R. L. Dimmick, and J. J. Windle. Free radical formation and survival of lyophilized microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 85:961-966. 1963.-A correlation between death and spontaneous free radical production, measured by an increase in the relative electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal, was shown to exist for several species of microorganisms stored in the freezedried state, but the relationship between the free radical concentration and number of dead cells was not a simple proportion. Lactose added to Sarcina lutea reduced radical production and increased stability when dry preparations were stored in air. Death and free radical formation were more extensive when lyophilized Streptococcus lactis cultures were stored in air than in vacuum. Free radicals were also produced by dry yeast. Few, if any, free radicals were produced by bacteria or yeast stored in vacuum. It was shown that the observed free radical production was not caused by exposure to light. The EPR signal produced by dry Serratia marcescens decreased rapidly when cells were exposed to a humid atmosphere but the EPR signal slowly increased after cells were redried and exposed to oxygen.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1965

LYSIS OF BACTERIAL PROTOPLASTS AND SPHEROPLASTS BY STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-TOXIN AND STREPTOLYSIN S.

Bernheimer, Alan W. (New York University School of Medicine, New York, N.Y.), and Lois L. Schwartz. Lysis of bacterial protoplasts and spheroplasts by staphylococcal alpha-toxin and streptolysin S. J. Bacteriol. 89:1387-1392. 1965.-Protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium, Sarcina lutea, and Streptococcus pyogenes, and spheroplasts of Escherichia coli were lysed by staphylococcal alpha-toxin, whereas spheroplasts of Vibrio metschnikovii and V. comma were not. In the spectrum of its lytic action, streptolysin S qualitatively resembled staphylococcal alpha-toxin except for failure to lyse S. pyogenes protoplasts. In contrast to the two foregoing agents, streptolysin O did not lyse protoplasts and spheroplasts. The observations are interpreted in relation to similarities and differences in lipid composition of bacterial and mammalian cell membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Penicillin amidohydrolase productivity of locally isolated bacterial species.

Penicillin amidohydrolase productivity of four locally isolated bacterial species is described. Organisms were identified as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sarcina lutea and Bacillus megaterium. Highest enzyme productivity of 3.2 U/mL with a corresponding dry cell mass of 4.5 g/L was recorded from S. lutea.

Bacillus megaterium↗
PubMed1992

Biological inactivation by singlet oxygen: distinguishing O2(1 delta g) and O2(1 sigma g+)

Experiments were performed to determine whether bacterial inactivation in the separated-surface-sensitizer system for singlet oxygen generation is due to O2(1 delta g) or O2(1 sigma g+). The rates of inactivation of Gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and a nonpigmented strain of Gram-positive Sarcina lutea were found to increase linearly with the concentration of 1 delta g. The gas phase lifetime of the inactivating agent was found to be within the range of values expected for the gas phase lifetime of 1 delta g rather than 1 sigma g+. These measurements conclusively demonstrate that bacterial inactivation in this system is due predominantly to 1 delta g. Therefore, studies of bacterial inactivation with this singlet oxygen generating system can be used to assess the role of singlet oxygen in various biological and medically relevant situations.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1991

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of rifapentine and its metabolite in human plasma by direct injection into a shielded hydrophobic phase column.

A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of rifapentine, a cyclopentyl semisynthetic analogue of rifamycin belonging to the class of piperazinyl hydrazone derivatives of 3-formylrifamycin SV, and its metabolite, 25-desacetylrifapentine, in human plasma was developed using direct injection of the sample onto a Supelco LC HISEP column. The mean recovery was 100.3% for rifapentine and 99.7% for the metabolite and the precision of the assays was 3% and 7%, respectively. The limit of determination was 0.2 micrograms/ml and the method was validated for concentrations up to 64 micrograms/ml for rifapentine and 32 micrograms/ml for the metabolite. The results correlated well with those of the microbiological assay with Sarcina lutea as test organism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Bactericidal effect of acrylic acid esters.

The antibacterial effect of p-Cl, p-Br, p-CH3, O-NO2, M-NO2, and p-NO2 substitutions of dimethylaminoethyl-alpha-phenyl-cinnamate on Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, and Escherichia coli was studied. The compounds were found to be more active against B. subtilis and S. lutea than against E. coli. The NO2 group in the para position was found to have the highest activity compared with the meta and ortho positions.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed2004

Polycomplexes of poly(acrylic acid) with streptomycin sulfate and their antibacterial activity.

Complex formation between streptomycin sulfate and poly(acrylic acid) has been studied in aqueous solutions by turbidimetric, potentiometric and viscometric methods as well as by FTIR spectroscopy. It was shown that these polycomplexes are stabilized by electrostatic interactions. The solubility of polycomplexes was examined as a function of pH and it was found that at pH values below 3.1 the polycomplexes undergo complete dissociation or dissolution. The antimicrobial activity of the drug and its polycomplex was evaluated using Sarcina sp. as a model organism. It was demonstrated that the polycomplexes have an antimicrobial activity on the same level as the free drug.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1982

Largomycin: preparation, properties, and structure.

Largomycin has been purified to homogeneity by chromatography on hydroxylapatite whereby carbohydrate and protease impurities were removed. Largomycin is an acidic protein (pI 4.13, molecular weight 29300) which forms a dimer in phosphate buffer. An N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis from the amino-terminal residue gave, for the first 32 residues, Asp-Ile-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-Asn-Val-Gly-Lys-Pro-Leu-Val-Glu-Gly-Leu-Leu - Ala-Ala-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-Arg-Ala-Leu-Thr-Arg-Asn... The sequence from the carboxyl terminus was -Ala-Ala-Leu-Phe-OH with threonine, valine, and glutamic acid being released upon prolonged digestion. The same amino acid sequences were found for largomycin prepared from either the culture broth or the mycelium of Streptomyces pluricolorescens. The similarities extended to the other physical properties, the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcina lutea, and the antitumor activity against KB cells. Largomycin inhibits the biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. An iodinated derivative did not bind to KB cells. The antimicrobial activity was lost following ultraviolet irradiation, protection against which was not afforded by p-aminobenzoic acid.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Absorption kinetics and bioavailability of cephalexin in the dog after oral and intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics of cephalexin, a first generation cephalosporin, were investigated in dogs using two formulations marketed for humans, but also often employed by practitioners for pet therapy. Cephalexin was administered to five dogs intravenously and intramuscularly as a sodium salt and by the oral route as a monohydrate. The dosage was always 20 mg/kg of active ingredient. A microbiological assay with Sarcina lutea as the test organism was adopted to measure cephalexin concentrations in serum. The mean residence time (MRT) median values after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration (p.o.) were 86 min, 200 min, and 279 min, respectively. After i.m. and oral dosing the peak serum concentrations (24.2 +/- 1.8 micrograms/mL and 20.3 +/- 1.7 micrograms/mL, respectively) were attained at 90 min in all dogs and bioavailabilities were 63 +/- 10% and 57 +/- 5%, respectively. The time course of the cephalexin serum concentrations after oral administration was best described by a model incorporating saturable absorption kinetics of the Michaelis-Menten type: thus in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs a carrier mediated transport for cephalexin similar to that reported in humans, may exist. The predicted average serum concentrations of cephalexin after repeated i.m. and oral administration indicated that, in order to maintain the therapeutic concentrations, the 20 mg/kg b.w. dosage should be administered every 6-8 h.

Absorption↗
PubMed1996

Two flavones from Artemisia giraldii and their antimicrobial activity.

Two new flavones, 4',6,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy-flavone (2) and 5',5- dihydroxy-3',4',8-trimethoxyflavone (3) were isolated from Artemisia giraldii and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. These two new flavones showed antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp. Aspergillus flavus, and Trichoderma viride.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Antimicrobial activity and stability of tingenone derivatives.

Quinone-methide triterpenes of the tingenone series were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. These compounds were effective against Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Microsporum gypseum and a Gram-negative bacterium, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Under acidic conditions, the quinone-methide part of these compounds rearranged into the divinyl-phenolic system, and the antimicrobial activity was thus lost.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Rapid bioassay for clindamycin alone and in the presence of aminoglycoside antibiotics.

A rapid bioassay for determination of concentrations of clindamycin in serum was developed with use of a strain of Lancefield group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) that is uniformly resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics, tetracycline, and polymyxin. An agar diffusion assay system was used that included the addition of patient's sera and three standard concentrations of clindamycin to 5-mm wells cut in the seeded agar. Pretreatment of serum with penicillinase allowed measurement of clindamycin in the presence of penicillins and cephalosporins by the same assay method. Assays of clindamycin in serum using this system could be read routinely in as little as 4 hr and allowed determination of levels of drug in serum of 2.5-40 microgram/ml. Linear regression analyses indicated that values obtained by this assay compared favorably with the results obtained with use of Bacillus subtilis strain ATCC 6633 or Sarcina lutea strain ATCC 9341 (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.). Repetitive measurement of sera with known concentrations of clindamycin indicated the average deviation to be +/- 10%. Seeded bioassay plates could be prepared in advance and stored at 2 C-8 C for up to one week before use. This assay may also be used for measurement of lincomycin, erythromycin, vancomycin, and certain beta-lactam antibiotics in the presence of aminoglycosides.

Aminoglycosides↗