Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Rumex”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

The gathering and consumption of wild edible plants in the Campoo (Cantabria, Spain).

This paper discusses the traditional consumption of wild edible plants in the rural communities of the Campoo (Cantabria), a region in northern Spain. Through semi-structured interviews with key informants, data on the perception, gathering, preparation and use of 60 edible wild plant species were collected. Social, economic and cultural factors need to be taken into account when trying to understand why some wild foods and traditional vegetables continue to be consumed while others are not. Wild foods were traditionally important as a supplement to the diet (particularly during food shortages), to which they bring diversity and serve as a source of vitamins and minerals. However, only a few people who like the taste of wild species and enjoy gathering them continue to consume them. Many people consider wild food to be old fashioned, unprofitable, or too time-consuming, and prefer to cultivate or buy their food. The most frequently cited species in the region (Rumex acetosa, Origanum vulgare, Rosa canina, Vaccinium myrtillus, Crataegus monogyna and Prunus spinosa) are widely consumed in the Mediterranean area. Unusual food species, such as Pedicularis schizocalyx, Romulea bulbocodium or Viburnum lantana, have also been gathered in the study area.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC).

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and medical expenditures among women in Canada. Essiac (Resperin Canada Limited, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada), a blend of at least four herbs (burdock root [Arctium lappa], Indian rhubarb [Rheum palmatum], sheep sorrel [Rumex acetosella], and the inner bark of slippery elm [Ulmus fulva or U. rubra]), has become one of the more popular herbal remedies for breast-cancer treatment, secondary prevention, improving quality of life, and controlling negative side-effects of conventional breast-cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES: Our primary objective was to determine the difference in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), as assessed by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Breast Cancer Version, between women who are new Essiac users (since breast cancer diagnosis) and those who have never used Essiac. Secondary endpoints included differences in depression, anxiety, fatigue, rate of adverse events, and prevalence of complications or benefits associated with Essiac during standard breast-cancer treatment. Additionally, we described the pattern of use of Essiac in this cohort of women. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study in 510 women, randomly chosen from the Ontario Cancer Tumour Registry, with a diagnosis of primary breast cancer in 2003. RESULTS: With the exception changes in a Physical well-being subscale and a relationship with doctor subscale, Essiac did not have a significant effect on HR-QOL or mood states. Even for Physical well-being and relationship with doctor, Essiac seemed to have a negative effect, with Essiac users doing worse than the non-Essiac users. This might be attributed to the fact that the group of users comprised younger women with more advanced stages of breast cancer, and both of these subgroups of patients have been shown to be at a significantly increased risk for negative mood states and/or a decreased sense of well-being. The women were taking low doses (total daily dose 43.6 +/- 30.8 mL) of Essiac that corresponded to the label directions found on most Essiac products. Friends were the most common source of information, and most women were taking Essiac to boost their immune systems or increase their chances of survival. Only 2 women reported minor adverse events, whereas numerous women reported beneficial effects of Essiac. CONCLUSIONS: Essiac does not appear to improve HR-QOL or mood states. Future studies are needed to determine whether other clinical outcomes, such as cancer reoccurrence, are affected by Essiac.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Soluble inorganic tissue phosphorus and calcicole-calcifuge behaviour of plants.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Natural and semi-natural, non-fertilized calcareous soils are consistently low in soluble and easily exchangeable phosphate. An over-utilization, or possibly an immobilization, of inorganic P in the tissues of calcifuge plants may take place, if such plants are forced to grow on a calcareous soil, though this has not been experimentally demonstrated. The objectives of this study are, therefore, to elucidate if calcifuge plants, when forced to develop on a calcareous soil, not only have lower total P (Ptot) concentrations in their leaves than calcicole plants grown on such soil, but also a lower proportion of Ptot as water-soluble, inorganic phosphate. Such differences may be of importance in understanding the calcicole-calcifuge behaviour of plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plants of five calcicole and five calcifuge herbs and three calcicole and three calcifuge grasses were cultivated in a glasshouse on a moderately acid Cambisol and a calcareous Rendzic Leptosol using seeds of wild populations from southern Sweden. The calcifuges were: Corynephorus canescens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus mollis, Digitalis purpurea, Lychnis viscaria, Rumex acetosella, Scleranthus annuus and Silene rupestris. The calcicoles were: Melica ciliata, Phleum phleoides, Sesleria caerulea, Arabis hirsuta, Sanguisorba minor, Scabiosa columbaria, Silene uniflora ssp. petraea and Veronica spicata. KEY RESULTS: At harvest, calcifuges had much lower leaf tissue concentrations of Ptot and Pi than calcicoles when grown on the calcareous soil, and biomass production of the calcifuges was poor on this soil. Moreover, the calcifuge herbs had, on average, a lower proportion of their Ptot as Pi than had the calcicole herbs. The calcifuge herbs were also unable to avoid excessive uptake of Ca from the calcareous soil. The calcifuge grasses maintained a similar proportion of Ptot as Pi as the calcicole grasses, but their growth was still poor on the calcareous soil. CONCLUSIONS: On calcareous soil, very little Pi in the tissues of calcifuge herbs is, at any time, available for use in various physiological functions. This is of importance to their photosynthesis, growth, competition and final survival on such soils.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

New perspectives in flooding research: the use of shade avoidance and Arabidopsis thaliana.

BACKGROUND: Complete submergence of Rumex palustris leads to hyponastic (upward) petiole growth followed by enhanced petiole elongation. Previous pharmacological experiments have provided insights into the signal transduction pathway leading to this combined 'escape' response. It will, however, be difficult to gain further knowledge using these methods. Consequently, new approaches are required. SCOPE: Here we propose that different environmental signals resulting in similar phenotypes can help to understand better the submergence response. In this review, we show that both ethylene and shade induce similar growth responses in R. palustris and Arabidopsis thaliana. We illustrate how this can be exploited to unravel novel signalling components in submergence-induced elongation growth. Furthermore, we illustrate the potential of arabidopsis as a useful model in submergence research based on similarities with submergence-tolerant species such as R. palustris and the molecular opportunities it presents. This is illustrated by examples of current work exploring this concept. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating different model systems, such as arabidopsis and shade avoidance, into submergence research can be expected to create powerful tools to unravel signal transduction routes determining submergence tolerance.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed1998

New aerobic ammonium-dependent obligately oxalotrophic bacteria: description of Ammoniphilus oxalaticus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ammoniphilus oxalivorans gen. nov., sp. nov.

The genus Ammoniphilus is proposed for aerobic endospore-forming Gram-variable rod-shaped bacteria, which are ammonium-dependent, obligately oxalotrophic and haloalkalitolerant, oxidase- and catalase-positive, mesophilic and motile by peritrichous flagella. Cell wall contained two electron-dense layers. The external layer consists of a chain of electron-dense granules morphologically resembling the cellulosomes of Clostridium thermocellum. Two species are described, Ammoniphilus oxalaticus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Ammoniphilus oxalivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strains of these species are strains RAOx-1 (= DSM 11538) and RAOx-FS (= DSM 11537), respectively. Ammoniphilus strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and from decaying wood. The strains require a high concentration of ammonium ions and use oxalate as the sole organic source of carbon and energy for growth; no growth factors were required. Growth occurred at pH 6.8-9.5. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 28-30 degrees C and 8.0-8.5. All strains grew in a saturated solution of ammonium oxalate, and tolerated 3% NaCl. Whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and glucose. The menaquinone of the strains was MK 7, and the major cellular fatty acids were 12-methyl tetradecanoic, cis-hexadec-9-enoic and hexadecanoic acids. The G + C content of the DNA was 45-46 mol% for A. oxalaticus and 42 mol% for A. oxalivorans. The almost complete 16S rDNA sequence of three strains of the two species of Ammoniphilus shows that the genus falls into the radiation of the Clostridium-Bacillus subphylum of Gram-positive bacteria. The closest phylogenetic neighbour of Ammoniphilus is Oxalophagus oxalicus. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains RAOx-1 and RAOx-FS was 39.7%.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1968

Endogenous gibberellins of a radiation induced single gene dwarf mutant of bean.

The distribution of endogenous gibberellins in Dwarf-1, a single gene dwarf mutant of Mexico 80-R red beans, was studied. Parallel extraction and fractionation of seeds of this mutant and those of a normal homozygous line followed by thin layer chromatography and bioassays using Rumex obtusifolius, wheat seed endosperm and dwarf bean plants revealed that a stem elongation control factor was contained in the non-acidic fraction from normal, but not from Dwarf-1, seeds. It was concluded that the single gene mutation causes a block either in gibberellin precursor formation or in production of a non-acidic fraction gibberellin-like substance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1971

Antagonism of some gibberellin actions by a substituted pyrimidine.

From a comparison of the effects of seven growth retardants and abscisic acid (ABA) on various growth systems, it was found that the gibberellin-regulated growth of lettuce hypocotyls was uniquely inhibited by the growth retardant, alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (EL-531). Auxin-regulated growth of coleoptile sections was inhibited by Phosfon and only slightly by EL-531 and Alar. Cytokinin-regulated growth of Xanthium cotyledons showed little or no inhibition by any of the retardants. ABA was inhibitory in all three types of tests. The distinctive effects of EL-531 against gibberellin-stimulated growth and the general ability of gibberellic acid to relieve EL-531 inhibition suggest that this retardant acts in part against the gibberellin-stimulated growth system, but at a locus which discriminates between growth and nongrowth functions of gibberellic acid. It shows little or no antagonism of gibberellin actions which do not involve growth: the barley endosperm test and the Rumex leaf senescence test.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

Interactions of light and a temperature shift on seed germination.

Germination of Rumex obtusifolius L. seeds is potentiated to an observable degree in 2 minutes by a single shift in temperature from 20 to 35 C. Half-maximal potentiation requires less than 32 minutes at the higher temperature. Similar sensitivities to shifts in temperature were observed for seeds of Barbarea vulgaris, R.Br. B. verna (Mill.) Asch., and Lepidium virginicum L. A shift in temperature interacts strongly with change in form of phytochrome induced by light on germination of the four kinds of seeds. The potentiated effects for R. obtusifolius are only moderately affected by 40 mum cycloheximide. Both the temperature shift and light actions are apparently independent of processes of synthesis necessary for growth.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1972

Abscisic Acid and stomatal regulation.

The closure of stomata by abscisic acid was examined in several species of plants through measurements of CO(2) and H(2)O exchange by the leaf. The onset of closure was very rapid, beginning at 3 minutes from the time of abscisic acid application to the cut base of the leaf of corn, or at 8 or 9 minutes for bean, Rumex and sugarbeet; rose leaves were relatively slow at 32 minutes. The timing and the concentration of abscisic acid needed to cause closure were related to the amounts of endogenous abscisic acid in the leaf. Closure was obtained in bean leaves with 8.9 picomoles/cm(2). (+)-Abscisic acid had approximately twice the activity of the racemic material. The methyl ester of abscisic acid was inactive, and trans-abscisic acid was likewise inactive. The effects of stress on levels of endogenous abscisic acid, and the ability of very small amounts of abscisic acid to cause rapid closure suggests that stomatal control is a regulatory function of this hormone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1973

Deferral of leaf senescence with calcium.

In view of the possibility that senescence may be a consequence of the deterioration of membrane compartments in the cells of leaves, calcium was studied as a possible agent which might defer senescence. The senescence of corn leaf discs was deferred by added calcium, and the effect was additive to the cytokinin deferral of senescence. Likewise, the senescence of Rumex leaf discs was deferred by added calcium, and the effect was additive to the gibberellin deferral of senescence. Detailed experiments with corn leaf discs established that the increase in apparent free space associated with senescence was completely prevented by calcium. An increase in hydraulic permeability during senescence was likewise demonstrated, and this increase was deferred by calcium; calcium plus benzyladenine was even more effective. Each of the measured functions of leaf senescence (chlorophyll content, protein decrease, apparent free space increase, and hydraulic permeability increase) was suppressed by calcium, and the interpretation is offered that the effects are a consequence of the calcium function in maintaining cellular membranes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Model for variable light sensitivity in imbibed dark-dormant seeds.

The level of light-induced germination of the seed of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and curly dock (Rumex crispus L.) changes with dark incubation time prior to brief, low energy, red light treatment. The rate at which phytochrome-far red-absorbing form (Pfr) acts in the light-induced population of seeds was measured by quantitating per cent reversals of the red light effect with saturating far red light exposures at successive times after the red light exposure. A linear positive correlation was found between this rate and the final germination level. These results are compatible with a model involving changing levels, during dark incubation, of a component with which Pfr interacts. In this model, germination is initiated after attainment of a certain level of interaction between Pfr and this component. These findings also support the view that the Pfr to Pr decay rate constant and total phytochrome level are stable during dark incubation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Inhibition of Leaf Expansion and Promotion of Anthocyanin Production: Lack of Involvement of the Low Irradiance Phytochrome System.

Leaf discs from expanding leaves of Rumex patientia L. were exposed to 7 hours of visible plus different levels of ultraviolet radiation in the 290 to 315 nm waveband (UV-B) and then placed in darkness. Leaf disc expansion was reduced and anthocyanin production was increased in discs exposed to moderate or high levels of UV-B radiation when compared to control discs. The possibility that the inhibition of leaf expansion by UV-B radiation might be at least partially phytochrome-mediated was examined by giving discs brief red or far red irradiation following exposure to UV-B radiation. Brief red radiation (R) following treatment with moderate or high UV-B radiation did not alter the pattern of growth or anthocyanin production compared to discs placed in darkness following UV-B treatment. However, a posttreatment with far red radiation (FR) reduced the growth of discs subjected previously to either moderate UV-B or no UV-B irradiation to the level of growth of discs given high UV-B. FR posttreatment also decreased anthocyanin production in discs in moderate and high UV-B treatments. Effects of FR and UV-B radiation apparently do not involve the same mechanism. This was demonstrated by experiments in which FR following the UV-B treatments was in turn followed by R, which reversed the effects of the FR but did not alter the growth inhibition or increased anthocyanin production induced by moderate or high levels of UV-B radiation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Further Studies on Oxalic Acid Biosynthesis in Oxalate-accumulating Plants.

l-Ascorbic acid functions as a precursor of oxalic acid in several oxalate-accumulating plants. The present study extends this observation to include Rumex crispus L. (curly dock), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (red root pigweed), Chenopodium album L. (lamb's-quarters), Beta vulgaris L. (sugar beet), Halogeton glomeratus M. Bieb. (halogeton), and Rheum rhabarbarum L. (rhubarb). Several species with low oxalate content are also examined.When l-[1-(14)C]ascorbic acid is supplied to young seedlings of R. crispus or H. glomeratus, a major portion of the (14)C is released over a 24-hour period as (14)CO(2) and only a small portion is recovered as [(14)C]oxalate, unlike cuttings from 2- or 4-month-old plants which retain a large part of the (14)C as [(14)C]oxalic acid and release very little (14)CO(2). Support for an intermediate role of oxalate in the release of (14)CO(2) from l-[1-(14)C]ascorbic acid is seen in the rapid release of (14)CO(2) by R. crispus and H. glomeratus seedlings labeled with [(14)C]oxalic acid.The common origin of oxalic acid carbon in the C1 and C2 fragment from l-ascorbic acid is demonstrated by comparison of (14)C content of oxalic acid in several oxalate-accumulators after cuttings or seedlings are supplied equal amounts of l-[1-(14)C]- or l-[UL-(14)C]ascorbic acid. Theoretically, l-[1-(14)C]ascorbic acid will produce labeled oxalic acid containing three times as much (14)C as l-[UL-(14)C]ascorbic acid when equal amounts of label are provided. Experimentally, a ratio of 2.7 +/- 0.5 is obtained in duplicate experiments with six different species.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Biphasic fluence response curves for induction of seed germination.

Fluence-response curves for the induction of seed germination after 24 hours pretreatment at 35 degrees C of Rumex obtusifolius and Arabidopsis thaliana show two phases of response: (a) a very low fluence-response (10(-4) - 10(-1) micromoles per square meter) and (b) a low fluence-response (1 - 10(3) micromoles per square meter).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Male and female flowers of the dioecious plant sorrel show different patterns of MADS box gene expression.

Male and female flowers of the dioecious plant sorrel (Rumex acetosa) each produce three whorls of developed floral organs: two similar whorls of three perianth segments and either six stamens (in the male) or a gynoecium consisting of a fertile carpel and two sterile carpels (in the female). In the developing male flower, there is no significant proliferation of cells in the center of the flower, in the position normally occupied by the carpels of a hermaphrodite plant. In the female flower, small stamen primordia are formed. To determine whether the organ differences are associated with differences in the expression of organ identity genes, cDNA clones representing the putative homologs of B and C function MADS box genes were isolated and used in an in situ hybridization analysis. The expression of RAD1 and RAD2 (two different DEFICIENS homologs) in males and females was confined to the stamen whorl; the lack of expression in the second, inner perianth whorl correlated with the sepaloid nature of the inner whorl of perianth segments. Expression of RAP1 (a PLENA homolog) occurred in the carpel and stamen whorls in very young flower primordia from both males and females. However, as soon as the inappropriate set of organs ceased to develop, RAP1 expression became undetectable in those organs. The absence of expression of RAP1 may be the cause of the arrest in organ development or may be a consequence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Genetically based polymorphisms in morphology and life history associated with putative host races of the water lily leaf beetle, Galerucella nymphaeae.

A host race is a population that is partially reproductively isolated from other conspecific populations as a direct consequence of adaptation to a specific host. The initial step in host race formation is the establishment of genetically based polymorphisms in, for example, morphology, preference, or performance. In this study we investigated whether polymorphisms observed in Galerucella nymphaeae have a genetic component. Galerucella nymphaeae, the water lily leaf beetle, is a herbivore which feeds and oviposits on the plant hosts Nuphar lutea and Nymphaea alba (both Nymphaeaceae) and Rumex hydrolapathum and Polygonum amphibium (both Polygonaceae). A full reciprocal crossing scheme (16 crosses, each replicated 10 times) and subsequent transplantation of 1,001 egg clutches revealed a genetic basis for differences in body length and mandibular width. The heritability value of these traits, based on midparent-offspring regression, ranged between 0.53 and 0.83 for the different diets. Offspring from Nymphaeaceae parents were on average 12% larger and had on average 18% larger mandibles than offspring from Polygonaceae parents. Furthermore, highly significant correlations were found between feeding preference of the offspring and the feeding preference of their parents. Finally, two fitness components were measured: development time and survival. Development time was influenced by diet, survival both by cross type and diet, the latter of which suggest adaptation of the beetles. This suggestion is strengthened by a highly significant cross x diet interaction effect for development time as well as for survival, which is generally believed to indicate local adaptation. Although no absolute genetic incompatibility among putative host races was observed, survival of the between-host family offspring, on each diet separately, was lower than the survival of the within-host family offspring on that particular host. Survival of offspring of two Nymphaeaceae parents was about two times higher on Nymphaeaceae than on Polygonaceae, whereas survival of offspring of two Polygonaceae parents was 11 times higher on Polygonaceae than on Nymphaeaceae (based on untransformed data). Based on these results, we conclude that genetically determined polymorphisms in morphology and feeding preference exist in G. nymphaeae, resulting in differential performance. Furthermore, in each diet separately, offspring of between-host family crosses were less fit than offspring of within-host family crosses. These results support the hypothesis that within this species two host races can be distinguished.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

Atmospheric pollen in the area of Athens.

In this paper the results of an investigation on the pollen grains in the atmosphere of Athens, Greece, are presented. The work was carried out between June 1973 and August 1974. A gravity sampler, of the Durham type, was placed on the roof of King Paul Athens General Hospital. Slides covered with vaseline were exposed to the air for 24 h every day during the above-mentioned period. After staining , the pollen on each slide was counted in an area of 1.375 cm2 under a light microscope. The results obtained gave an indication of the approximate pollination period for each plant taxon and also the degree of pollen concentration over a particular area in Athens. Twenty-two types of pollen were found. Those that predominated are from Olea europaea (olive tree), Pinus Urticaceae, Plantago (plantains), Chenopodium (goose-foot), Rumex (docks), Eucalyptus and two as yet non-determined types. Most of them are found in the air duing the period March-July.

Air Pollutants↗