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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Persistence of bromadiolone anticoagulant rodenticide in Arvicola terrestris populations after field control.

This paper documents the exposure pattern of a population of small mammals to bromadiolone over time in a field-scale follow up. This is the first assessment of the field-scale effect of such control operation on the availability of bromadiolone-exposed A. terrestris prey to nontarget predator species. It indicates that an important risk of poisoning of nontarget species does exist during large-scale field control operations with bromadiolone, which is contradictory to results obtained from laboratory experiments in the early 1980s and consistent with the secondary poisoning hazards due to repeated exposure regularly reported during the past 20 years.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1977

Determination of the rodenticide difenacoum in biological materials by high-pressure liquid chromatography with confirmation of identity by mass spectrometry.

A method for determining difenacoum in liver, plasma, urine and feedingstuffs by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. Samples are cleaned up by molecular exclusion chromatography on porous glass. In some cases this also serves for determination; if not, the separated difenacoum is determined on an adsorption column. Identity is confirmed by chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. Recoveries at levels of 0.025-5 ppm from plasma were 101-113% by exclusion chromatography alone and 93-101% after adsorption chromatography. Recoveries from liver after both chromatographic steps were 62-86%. Reasons for the lower recoveries from liver are suggested.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1983

Determination of coumarin anticoagulant rodenticide residues in animal tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. II. fluorescence detection using ion-pair chromatography.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of warfarin, coumatetralyl, bromadiolone, difenacoum and brodifacoum in animal tissues using fluorescence detection. Ion-pair chromatography, with the tetrabutylammmonium ion as counter-ion, was used to take full advantage of their native fluorescence. Detection limits in liver tissue after gel permeation clean-up were 0.002 mg kg-1 for coumatetralyl, difenacoum and bromdifacoum, 0.008 mg kg-1 for bromadiolone, and 0.01 mg kg-1 for warfarin.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Pregnancy outcome after maternal poisoning with brodifacoum, a long-acting warfarin-like rodenticide.

BACKGROUND: Brodifacoum is a potent warfarin-like anticoagulant used in many rat-poisoning products. Its availability has led to several reported human ingestions, none previously reported in pregnancy. CASE: A woman presented at 22 weeks' gestation in hemorrhagic diathesis, attributed to the ingestion of rat poison containing brodifacoum several days earlier. Aggressive vitamin K therapy controlled the maternal coagulopathy, and no fetal hemorrhage was observed by sonography. Her subsequent prenatal course and delivery were unremarkable, and she was delivered of a healthy infant, who has remained well for at least 1 year. CONCLUSION: In this patient, brodifacoum ingestion in pregnancy caused substantial maternal hemorrhage, but no fetal hemorrhage or teratogenic effects were observed.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed1992

Fatal rodenticide poisoning with brodifacoum.

The increased prevalence of rodents resistant to warfarin led to the development of the hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant brodifacoum. A 25-year-old man attempted suicide by consuming four boxes of d-CON Mouse-Prufe II; each box contains 42 g of bait that is 0.005% brodifacoum. He presented to a hospital nine days later with syncope, hematochezia, gross hematuria, epistaxis, anemia, and a severe coagulopathy. Radiographic studies were consistent with pleural, pericardial, and mediastinal hemorrhages. Vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma were given, and he was later discharged on oral phytonadione (vitamin K1). The patient's coagulopathy recurred, necessitating multiple plasma transfusions and prolonged treatment with oral phytonadione. Fifteen weeks after hospital discharge, he presented again with a history of additional brodifacoum ingestion. Neurologic status was initially normal, but in the emergency department he suddenly became comatose soon after emesis was induced with syrup of ipecac. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage that led to brain death less than 24 hours later. This case demonstrates the severe and prolonged coagulopathy that can result from ingestion of brodifacoum, a compound that has a toxic potency about 200-fold that of warfarin and a half-life as much as 60 times longer.

4-Hydroxycoumarins↗
PubMed2002

Studies on the development of a microencapsulated delivery system for norbormide, a species-specific acute rodenticide.

Norbormide, a selective rat toxicant, was microencapsulated to both mask the flavour and delay the release until after a lethal dose has been ingested by the rat. To this end, gelatine microspheres containing norbormide were made and over coated with either shellac resin or an equal mixture of shellac and Eudragit RS in a fluid-bed coating machine. The microcapsules absorb water, swell and burst to release their contents. In rats an 8 h window is available to delay the release of encapsulated material. In initial experiments, a shellac coating of 20% w/w was established as suitable for delaying the release. A capsule size range of 200-400 microm was selected, from capsule mastication experiment, for oral gavaging and feeding studies in rat. Oral gavage study has demonstrated for the first time that a substantial delay in release of a lethal dose of an acute poison has been achieved by microencapsulation. Feeding test has demonstrated that there is a fine balance between the size and density of the capsules in the bait to overcome mastication of the capsules by rats. A combination of shellac and Eudragit RS resins is a viable polymeric wall material to control the rate of penetration of water in to microcapsules.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Voluntary poisoning with a rodenticide in an adolescent].

UNLABELLED: Suicide attempts are frequent during adolescence. Intentional ingestion of rat poison is not well known in France. The complications of this are prolonged and may be serious. CASE REPORT: An adolescent, 15 years old, with clinical hemorrhagic syndrome, had coagulation deficiency. Rat poison had been found in serum. The young girl recognized later that the ingestion of these toxins was intentional. CONCLUSION: Suicide attempt with rat poison is exceptional, but we have to mention it when vitamin K-dependent factors failed without any other explication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1974

Field trials of the rodenticide 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane against wild rats (Rattus norvegicus Berk.).

Rattus norvegicus infestations on six farmsteads were poisoned with 0.5% 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane and those on another six with 2.5% zinc phosphide. Both poisons were applied in pinhead oatmeal bait containing also 5% corn oil, after pre-baiting. The result of each treatment was assessed by comparing the take of pre-bait with that of a census bait (wheat) laid after the poisoning.The zinc phosphide treatments were generally more effective than those done with 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane, but the latter were somewhat detrimentally affected by cautious baiting on the part of one of the operators.The results are discussed and it is concluded that although they indicate that 0.5% 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane may have approached zinc phosphide in effectiveness under the conditions of the trial, it would in most circumstances be significantly less effective and possibly less safe to use than the latter, well-tried poison.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1974

Some properties of calciferol as a rodenticide.

The potentiality of calciferol (alone and combined with warfarin) for the control of commensal rats and mice has been examined in the laboratory. Nearly all animals fed on 0.1% calciferol for 2 days died. Though illness usually reduced food intake after the first 24 hr. there was no sign of aversion to the poison at 0.1% - which is considered to be the lowest concentration suitable for use against Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and Mus musculus in the field. There was some indication that resistance to warfarin in R. norvegicus may be correlated with susceptibility to calciferol. Toxicity tests with calciferol combined with warfarin indicated an additive effect between the compounds. No evidence for synergism was found however, although elsewhere there is some evidence for this.

Animals↗