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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dens invaginatus in an immature maxillary lateral incisor: a case report of complex endodontic treatment.

This case report presents the surgical endodontic treatment of an Oehlers Class II invaginated immature tooth. In this case, communication between the invagination and the pulp caused pulp necrosis, periapical inflammation, and cessation of root formation. The initial treatment goal was to achieve apexification and then fill both the root canal and the canal of the invagination. After a 6-month treatment with calcium hydroxide dressings, there was no healing radiographically and no sign of a hard tissue barrier in the apex. Periapical surgery with the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) root-end filling was deemed successful at the 1-year recall. To treat dens invaginatus, both conventional and surgical endodontic treatment techniques should be considered. In dens invaginatus, conventional endodontic treatment modalities may be unsuccessful because of inadequate debridement and disinfection; however, subsequent periapical surgery and retrofilling with MTA may promote healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Apical dentin permeability and microleakage associated with root end resection and retrograde filling.

This study evaluated the apical leakage associated with various depths of retrograde fillings placed in root apices which had been resected at one of three different angles. Leakage was assessed with a hydraulic conductance apparatus. Teeth were divided into groups corresponding to the angle of apical resection (0, 30, and 45 degrees to the long axis of the root) and apical leakage was determined following incremental increases in the depth of the retrograde filling (Ketac Silver). Increasing the depth of the retrograde filling significantly decreased apical leakage; there was also a significant increase in leakage as the amount of bevel increased. Both the permeability of resected apical dentin and microleakage around the retrograde filling material had a significant influence on apical leakage.

Apicoectomy↗
PubMed1994

Dens invaginatus: another use for the ultrasonic.

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly which has numerous and complex forms. Whenever endodontic therapy involving such a tooth becomes necessary, the clinician must be aware of the various treatment modalities available to facilitate proper care. Presented in this case report is a maxillary lateral incisor having the anomaly dens invaginatus in which both surgical and nonsurgical treatment was required. The surgical phase was facilitated through the use of ultrasonic instrumentation.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Microleakage of retrograde root fillings: assessment using a novel measurement system.

In the past, measurement of microleakage has been based on measurement of dye or radioactive isotope penetration. A method has been developed to allow electronic monitoring of microflow in the same specimen over a period of time. This method was used to compare previously reported retrograde materials with an amalgam/sealer combination. The material that performed best was amalgam/sealer, particularly in the first week. The role of cavity varnish in limiting leakage has been controversial, and the results in the present study do not indicate any significant benefit. The range of leakage measured for specimens in the same group suggests that in vivo the expected leakage could be considerable for the materials tested and that small differences in experimental leakage between groups may not have any practical significance.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of an apatite cement as a root end filling material.

A self-setting apatite cement, EBA cement, and amalgam with varnish were tested for root end sealing ability using a fluid filtration and dye technique. Single-rooted human teeth were prepared in vitro to receive root end fillings. Experimental groups were amalgam with two layers of varnish, EBA cement with dry cavity, EBA cement within a wet cavity, apatite cement within a dry cavity, and apatite cement within a wet cavity. Fluid filtration measurements were made at 6, 24, and 7 days, and 1 and 3 months. Each specimen was also subjected to a dye leakage test using Procion Green dye at 3 months. Results indicated that apatite cement provided a comparable seal to amalgam and EBA cement. This finding, in conjunction with its excellent biocompatibility, suggests that apatite cement is an acceptable alternative to present-day root end filling materials.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1994

Longitudinal evaluation of the seal of IRM root end fillings.

IRM has been recommended for root end filling during endodontic surgery. This study evaluated the seal of IRM root end fillings prepared with various powder to liquid ratios (P:L) at extended time intervals using a fluid filtration method. The P:L of IRM evaluated included 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 g/ml and the P:L which resulted from the manufacturer's recommended scoop and dropper. Ten teeth were evaluated for microleakage for each group at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 wk after insertion. There were no significant differences in the microleakage of any of the various P:L groups at weeks 3, 8, and 12. These results suggest that higher P:L of IRM than those previously recommended for temporary restorations and for endodontic access preparations may be acceptable for root end fillings. IRM of higher P:L has other advantages such as ease of placement and decreased setting time, toxicity, and solubility.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Effect of IRM root end fillings on healing after replantation.

The effect of IRM as a root end filling placed in teeth prior to replantation was examined in 21 molar teeth in monkeys. After extraction, root ends were resected, the canals contaminated with oral bacteria, root end cavities prepared, and fillings of IRM or amalgam placed prior to replantation. After 8 wk the jaws were removed and prepared for histological examination. Bacteria were demonstrated in only 9 of 15 teeth filled with IRM; 18 of the roots (60%) were associated with inflammation, which was only moderate or severe around 5 (17%), and extended > 0.1 mm around only 2 roots. In contrast, of the 6 teeth filled with amalgam, all contained bacteria in the root canals and 11 roots were associated with moderate or severe inflammation, which around 8 roots extended > 0.5 mm. The difference in severity of inflammation for the two materials was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The tissue response to root end fillings of IRM in replanted teeth was less severe and less extensive than that to amalgam.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Apical marginal adaptation of orthograde and retrograde root end fillings: a dye leakage and scanning electron microscopic study.

A few studies have attempted to examine the correlation between clinical success of root canal therapy and in vitro examinations. In this case report we examined the apical adaptation of three orthograde fillings and four retrograde amalgam root end fillings from four radiographically successful teeth and one unsuccessful case by using dye leakage and scanning electron microscopic methods. Despite the radiographic appearance of successful root canal therapy, these examinations showed penetration of methylene blue dye through the apical foramina to the levels of the root canal filling materials in the roots treated nonsurgically and the presence of small gaps between filling materials and the dentinal walls. The methylene blue dye also penetrated through the interface between amalgam and root end cavities, and there were varying size gaps between the root end cavities and amalgam. Similar examinations on the radiographically unsuccessful retrograde filling showed the presence of gaps between the amalgam and the root end cavity preparation and complete penetration of methylene blue dye between amalgam, root canal filling materials, and the dentinal walls.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate as a root-end filling material.

Previous dye leakage studies have shown that mineral trioxide aggregate leaks significantly less than other commonly used root-end filling materials. This study determined the time needed for Staphylococcus epidermidis to penetrate a 3-mm thickness of amalgam, Super-EBA, Intermediate Restorative Material (IRM), or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as root-end filling materials. Fifty-six single-rooted extracted human teeth were cleaned and shaped using a step-back technique. Following root-end resection, 48 root-end cavities were filled with amalgam, Super-EBA, IRM, or MTA. Four root-end cavities were filled with thermoplasticized gutta-percha without a root canal sealer (+ control), and another four were filled with sticky wax covered with two layers of nail polish (- control). After attaching the teeth to plastic caps of 12-ml plastic vials and placing the root ends into phenol red broth, the set-ups were sterilized overnight with ethylene dioxide gas. A tenth of a microliter of broth containing S. epidermidis was placed into the root canal of 46 teeth (40 experimental, 3 positive, and 3 negative control groups). In addition, the root canals of two teeth with test root-end filling materials and one tooth from the positive and negative control groups were filled with sterile saline. The number of days required for the test bacteria to penetrate various root-end filling materials was determined. Most samples whose apical 3 mm were filled with amalgam, Super-EBA, or IRM began leaking at 6 to 57 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMed1995

Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of root-end preparations.

The use of an ultrasonic apical preparation technique has been advocated recently. Root-end preparations in 30 extracted single-canaled human teeth were evaluated, comparing those prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation alone, or in combination with rotary bur preparation, to those prepared with rotary instrumentation alone. Specimens were evaluated for the presence of debris, smear layer, and the smoothness and uniformity of the preparations. The apical preparations were completed according to the varying techniques, examined, and photographed under scanning electron microscopy. Those cavities prepared with the ultrasonic, either alone or in combination with rotary instrumentation, showed the presence of significantly less smear layer compared with those made by burs alone. Cavities prepared with ultrasonic instrumentation in combination with rotary instrumentation contained significantly less debris than those prepared with rotary instrumentation alone. There were no significant differences between the techniques in the smoothness or uniformity of the preparations.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed1993

Cytotoxicity of retrofill materials.

Dentin bonding agents reduce microleakage and enhance marginal adaption of composite resin restorations. These characteristics are advantages for their use as an endodontic retrofilling material. Because these materials will be in direct contact with vital tissues, their cytotoxic potential must be evaluated before clinical use. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate the cell cytotoxicity of amalgam, Caulk Universal Bond, Gluma, 35% HEMA, Morita Clearfil, Scotchbond 2, Super EBA, Tenure, and Tenure 5-4. VERO cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium and cell monolayers were prepared by incubating 15 ml of the cell suspension in 60-mm culture dishes at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2. Twelve milliliters of a medium-agarose mixture containing 1% neutral red vital stain were overlayed onto the cell layer and allowed to solidify. The materials were directly exposed to the agarose overlays by inverting 6.0-mm diameter polypropylene capsules containing the cured and liquid sample materials either immediately (0 time) or after placement in phosphate-buffered saline with 1% gentamicin for 7, 15, or 30 days. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the zone of killed cells around the sample 24 h after placement on the agarose. Cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the zones of cell inhibition at 24 h and at 7, 15, and 30 days. Initially, all of the materials were found to be cytotoxic, except amalgam and the Tenure components. The dentin bonding primers showed a mean zone of inhibition of 13.2 mm and the cleansers a 40.0-mm zone. Amalgam demonstrated increasing cytotoxicity: 0.0 mm at 24 h to 12.0 mm at 30 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1993

Postsurgical endodontics.

Apical surgery is known to be an effective and practical way of treating endodontic failures. However, in spite of seemingly proper root end management, surgical failures may occur as a result of lateral canal, dentinal tubule, end retrograde leakage. Since surgical retreatment of such failures would likely result in failure, the alternative of a nonsurgical retreatment should be carefully considered. An understanding of the relationship which exists between the quality of the orthograde treatment and the surgical prognosis is necessary to properly direct the course of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Periodontal tissue regeneration including cementogenesis adjacent to dentin-bonded retrograde composite fillings in humans.

The roots of two incisors were treated by apicoectomy and a retrograde dentin-bonded composite filling. Periapical healing was observed a few months later by radiography. Later, due to root fracture and marginal bone resorption, the apical parts were removed including adjacent periapical bone. A histological and scanning electron microscopic examination of the tissue showed reformation of periodontium adjacent to the composite, including reformation of a lamina dura, inserting Sharpey's fibers and cementum deposited in intimate contact with the composite. This finding is in agreement with previous observations of tissue surrounding retrograde dentin-bonded composite fillings placed in monkeys, indicating that tissue regeneration including cementogenesis may occur on composite material and consequently form a biological closure of the root canal.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of the seal of various amalgam products used as root-end fillings.

Different formulations of amalgam have physical properties that may make them behave differently in the often-contaminated root end environment. Five different brands of amalgam were evaluated for microleakage of root-end fillings placed in extracted human teeth. These included a zinc-free spherical amalgam, a zinc-free admixture amalgam, two zinc-containing admixture amalgams, and a zinc-containing lathe-cut amalgam. The amalgams were placed either into dry root-end preparations or into preparations contaminated with human blood. The fluid filtration method was used to measure microleakage at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 wk after placement. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the rates of microleakage at every measurement period. Scheffé's test showed that the zinc-free spherical amalgam had significantly greater leakage than all the other products evaluated. There were no significant differences between any of the other products. Blood contamination did not adversely affect the seal of any amalgam.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Longitudinal evaluation of the microleakage of dentin bonding agents used to seal resected root apices.

A material that bonds to dentin and seals both the root canal and exposed dentinal tubules would be desirable following root resection. The purpose of this study was to measure the sealing ability of four dentin bonding agents on the resected root end. The bonding systems evaluated were Amalgambond (AMB), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP), Prisma Universal Bond 3 (PUB 3), and All-Bond 2 (AB2). All materials were applied directly to the resected root end without a class I preparation. One-half of the roots in each group were contaminated with human blood before bonding. Microleakage was measured using fluid filtration at various time intervals from 1 to 24 wk. Results indicated that all dentin bonding agents significantly reduced apical microleakage compared with prebonded controls at all time intervals. Blood contamination did not adversely affect the sealing ability of AMB, PUB 3, or SMP. The blood-contaminated AB2 group displayed significantly greater microleakage after 12 and 24 wk than the uncontaminated roots.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Ten-year in vitro assessment of the surface status of three retrofilling materials.

Sixty-one maxillary central incisors were collected, cleaned, and divided into six groups of 10 teeth, with one tooth as a control. Half of the teeth were resected with a high-speed bur and half with a slow-speed bur, and prepared for retrofillings. Retrofillings of EBA cement and Ketac cement were placed in 10 teeth, each of the high-speed and slow-speed groups. Similarly++, zinc containing amalgam was placed in 10 teeth of the high-speed group, and zinc-free amalgam was placed in 10 teeth in the slow-speed group. A single operator completed all retrofills. They were stored in physiological saline for 10 yr. After that period, the apical portions were photographed at X 30 magnification and evaluated by the authors for marginal discrepancies, root crazing, staining, voids, and roughness. Overall, EBA cement++ and amalgam rated better than Ketac cement in every category except root crazing. Perhaps, as some studies have suggested, EBA cement may replace amalgam as the retrofill material of choice.

Aluminum Oxide↗