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Contraceptive use by women with chronic diseases. Sickle cell disease.
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Oral contraceptives and cancer: a perspective.
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[Effect of megestrol acetate compound (injectable contraceptive) on human blood coagulation, anticoagulation activity, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation].
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[Clinical study of a long-acting progestogen contraceptive 3-cyclopentyl propionate of megestrol acetate (progestin no. 1)].
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[The change of antithrombin III activity of pregnant women and women on oral contraceptives (author's transl)].
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A new look at progestogens.
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Medullary infarction--was it depo-provera?
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Oral contraceptives and the dental practitioner.
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[Hormonal contraception and some biochemical indicators with special attention to proteins].
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[Syndrome of amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Clinical considerations].
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Reproductive factors, oral contraceptives and risk of malignant melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study.
A study of 361 female melanoma patients and age matched controls was conducted in the four western provinces of Canada. Analysis of reproductive factors showed a significant negative association between number of livebirths and risk of melanoma. The relationship persisted for superficial spreading melanomas after adjustment for host pigmentation factors, freckling, and educational status. An inverse association between bilateral oophorectomy and risk of superficial spreading melanoma was also seen. No association was found between risk of melanoma and age at first birth, age at menarche and age at natural menopause. No association was found between risk of superficial spreading or nodular melanoma and use of either oral contraceptives or menopausal oestrogens.
[Vaginal contraception: mechanical or chemical?].
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A rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay for norethisterone.
A direct radioimmunoassay for the measurement of norethisterone (NET) in unextracted serum samples was developed. The combined use of a highly specific unpurified antiserum and heat treatment of diluted serum samples obviated both extraction and chromatographic procedures. The direct NET assay fulfilled all the quality control parameters. When this assay was compared with other methods involving either solvent extraction and/or chromatographic purification procedures, no significant differences were observed. The overall results were interpreted as demonstrating that this simple, rapid and reliable NET assay can be used as a helpful tool in metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of this contraceptive progestogen.
[Gonadal function of rats following pre- or postnatal administration of some hormones (author's transl)].
Some steroid hormones as well as clomiphene have been administered to new-born rats (postnatally) or to pregnant rats (prenatally) in order to study the effect on the future gonadal function of the animals born before or after the injection. A single postnatal androgen injection in oily solution influences only the female function; estrogen or the combination of androgen and estrogen are effective in both sexes preventing the ovulation or damaging the testicles. If the hormone is administered in water instead of oil, several injections are necessary in order to obtain an effect. Only the aqueous solution of clomiphene produces a positive effect even given in a single injection. When a single postnatal injection is effective the same result can be obtained after prenatal administration but only following intraamniotic injection. Clomiphene is an exception to this rule; intraamniotic injection has no effect. These observations permit the following conclusions: 1. It is possible to influence the hypothalamus-hypophysis function not only in the first days of life but already in the prenatal period. 2. As androgen damages only the ovary, estrogen however the gonads of both sexes, the mechanisme of action can not be the same. Androgen alters the function of the sexual centres in the brain only in the female rat, estrogen paralyses this function in both sexes. 3. Prenatal injection of hormone is only effective if administered intraamniotically (eliminating in this way the action of the placenta). This proves the important role of the placenta in the metabolisme of the hormones. 4. Other possible consequences of postnatal androgen administration as permanent obstruction of the vagina or hypertrophy of the clitoris can be obtained equally by prenatal intraamniotic injection. These phenomena can also occur independent of the avarian processes, being due to direct hormonal action. 5. Tubo-ovarian inflammation and abscesses are observed with relative frequency especially following estrogen or clomiphene-administration. The cause is unknown but we can assume that circulatory disorders in the genital area, produced by the hormone, are responsible for the frequency of these phenomena.
Biotransformation of norgestimate in women.
The metabolism of norgestimate (ORF-10131; 14C-d-13-ethyl-17-acetoxy-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20- yn -3-oxime) was studied in humans. Compound labeled with carbon-14 in the 17 alpha-ethynyl group was administered to four female subjects. An average of 46.8 percent of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine and 36.8 percent in the feces over a two-week collection period. About 12 percent of the urinary radioactivity represented freely extractable metabolites and another 57 percent consisted of extractable material released by enzyme hydrolysis. The ethynylated metabolites of norgestimate were separated from endogenous compounds and non- ethynylated metabolites by silver- sulfoethyl cellulose column chromatography. Metabolites were subsequently isolated by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The identification of five urinary metabolites was accomplished by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. These metabolites include norgestrel, 16 beta- hydroxynorgestrel , 2 alpha- hydroxynorgestrel , 3 alpha, 5 beta- tetrahydronorgestrel , and a fifth trihydroxylated metabolite of undetermined stereochemical configuration; 3,16-dihydroxy-5- tetrahydronorgestrel .
Ultrasonic visualization of NORPLANT subdermal contraceptive devices.
This article describes the first use of ultrasound in locating in vivo NORPLANT subdermal contraceptive implants. Providing low dose, continuous contraception for women. the NORPLANT system utilizes Silastic tubing filled with levonorgestrel. The progestin-filled tubing is not radiopaque. Anticipating the large scale use of NORPLANT subdermal implants, the potential, but rare problem of difficult localization of an implant is recognized. The feasibility of using ultrasound for the painless and safe localization of NORPLANT rods and capsules is demonstrated.
Long-acting contraceptive agents: norethisterone esters of monoalkenyl and monoalkynyl acids.
The synthesis of nine new esters of norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one) is described, with the esterifying acids bearing an acetylenic or olefinic function in a chain of eight or nine carbon atoms, for evaluation as long-acting contraceptive agents.