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PubMed2026

Recent advances in supramolecular macrocycle-based artificial light-harvesting systems.

Artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) inspired by the antenna function of natural photosynthesis provide molecular platforms for collecting excitation energy and directing it to emissive or reactive acceptors. In many supramolecular ALHSs, however, practical performance is limited by poorly defined donor-acceptor orientation, aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), interfacial defects, and limited stability in aqueous or complex media. Supramolecular macrocycles-particularly pillar[n]arenes (PAs), cucurbit[n]urils (CBs), calixarenes (CAs), cyclodextrins (CDs), and supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs)-offer a useful design space because their cavities, pre-organized scaffolds, and reversible non-covalent interactions can confine chromophores, tune local donor/acceptor ratios, and modulate Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). This Review systematically examines the unique structural advantages and assembly mechanisms of the five macrocyclic families, with an emphasis on their use in constructing ALHSs-from single-step to cascaded FRET-and in advancing aqueous photocatalysis, near-infrared bioimaging, panchromatic fluorescence modulation, and singlet oxygen generation. The resulting structure-property-application framework is intended to guide the rational design of macrocycle-assisted photofunctional materials while avoiding overextension of the photosynthesis analogy.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Open repairs with biceps rerouting does not impact retears in large to massive rotator cuff tears compared to conventional open repair: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The treatment of large to massive rotator cuff tears leads to a high failure rate and several techniques have been proposed to improve these results. Rerouting the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) appears to be a biological reinforcement to increase tendon healing. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of open repair for large and massive rotator cuff tears reinforced with the LHBT to conventional open repair. METHODS: A prospective randomized study was conducted with patients diagnosed with large to massive rotator posterosuperior rotator cuff tear and intact LHBT, randomized into 2 groups: biceps rerouting and conventional open repair. The functional outcomes were assessed by the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon score, University of California at Los Angeles score, and SF-12 questionnaire preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Pain level was also assessed by the visual analog scale including the first day and 2 weeks postoperatively. Structural outcomes were rotator cuff and LHBT healing with magnetic resonance imaging and acromiohumeral distance (AHD) through radiography. RESULTS: We evaluated 58 patients, 29 in each group. At the end of the follow-up there were no statistically significant differences between groups in American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon (76.1 vs. 80.4, P = .761), University of California at Los Angeles (27.1 vs. 29.1, P = .634), or visual analog scale scores (1.3 vs. 1.1, P = .781). Additionally, rotator cuff healing rates (48.3% vs. 44.8%, P = .402) and LHBT healing rates (79.3% vs. 82.7%, P = .738) were similar. AHD increased in both groups, with no significant difference in delta AHD (P = .513). Both groups showed significant clinical improvement over time in all evaluated outcomes (P < 0,01). No postoperative complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: We could not identify an advantage of open repair with LHBT rerouting as reinforcement over conventional open repair. Nonetheless, all clinical scores improved at the end of the 24 months of follow-up in both groups.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Viral surveillance beyond detection: JMTV and the need for ensemble approaches in emerging virus discovery.

The recent report by T. Murillo, L. E. Enrique Chaves-González, S. Temmam, S. Bermúdez, et al. (Microbiol Spectr 14:e04078-25, 2026, https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.04078-25) expands the known geographic and ecological range of Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) by detecting the virus in Amblyomma mixtum ticks collected from horses in Costa Rica. This is an important finding because A. mixtum can feed on wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, creating a possible interface for virus movement across various hosts. The study also places the Costa Rican virus in a wider phylogenetic context, linking it to JMTV diversity reported from other regions. However, the detection of viral RNA in ticks should not be interpreted as proof of local disease, human infection, or active transmission, especially in the absence of supporting results. Instead, it reflects an important signal for careful viral surveillance. Here, I discuss how JMTV illustrates the need for ensemble approaches that combine field sampling, phylogeny, segment-level genome analysis, serology, experimental validation, and data-driven virus discovery tools.

emerging viruses↗

PubMed2026

De Novo 2.2 Mb 19q13.42-q13.43 Microdeletion Encompassing U2AF2: Support for a Haploinsufficiency Model.

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2) is an essential pre-mRNA splicing factor involved in the early stages of pre-mRNA splicing. To date, multiple individuals have been reported with predominantly heterozygous missense variants presenting intellectual disability, speech and motor delays, seizures, hypotonia, and thin or hypoplastic corpus callosum. Here, we describe a patient with a de novo 2.2 Mb interstitial deletion involving chromosome 19q13.42-q13.43, encompassing U2AF2, presenting with intellectual disability, epilepsy, corpus callosum hypoplasia, dysmorphic features, and congenital heart disease. The patient's clinical features overlap substantially with those reported in individuals harboring heterozygous U2AF2 variants, supporting haploinsufficiency as a plausible disease mechanism. To our knowledge, this represents the first postnatal report of complete U2AF2 gene deletion. In addition, this is the first detailed phenotypic characterization of a distal 19q chromosomal interstitial deletion, further delineating the clinical spectrum associated with this genomic region.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Self-healing materials for food packaging: Design principles, activation mechanisms and implications for food safety.

Self-healing materials (SHMs), originally developed to restore mechanical integrity, have recently attracted growing interest in food packaging. By autonomously repairing physical damage, SHMs help preserve packaging integrity, barrier performance, food safety, and shelf-life during storage and transportation. This review summarizes recent advances in the design principles, activation mechanisms, material systems and food packaging applications of SHMs. Key healing strategies, including microencapsulation, dynamic covalent bond exchange, reversible non-covalent interactions and responsiveness to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, and humidity, are discussed. Representative material systems, including biopolymer-based films, hydrogels, nanocomposites, and stimuli-responsive polymers are evaluated with respect to their relevance to packaging animal-derived foods, fruits, and vegetables. Performance evaluation methods, sustainability implications, and food-contact safety concerns are addressed. Despite promising healing efficiency and mechanical resilience, challenges remain regarding production cost, food-grade safety, migration risks, trigger compatibility and stability under fluctuating environmental conditions. Future research should focus on scalable manufacturing, standardized evaluation protocols, repeated damage-healing safety assessment, regulatory compliance, and integration with intelligent packaging technologies.

Food Packaging↗

PubMed2026

Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals cell type-specific remodeling and epilepsy-associated microglia.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common acquired epilepsy, causing refractory seizures and cognitive deficits. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on hippocampal tissue from mice 3 and 6 weeks following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, a robust model of TLE. Epilepsy samples showed reductions in Cck and Lamp5-Lhx6 interneuron subclusters, alongside increases in Cajal-Retzius cells, dentate granule (DG) cell precursors, and a mature DG cell subcluster. Among glia, an astrocyte subcluster and a markedly expanded microglia sublcuster were increased. We term this microglia population epilepsy-associated microglia (EAM). The transcriptomic profile of EAM overlaps with microglia described in models of Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury, including enrichment of Myo1e and Igf1. EAM display amoeboid morphology, can be found in clumps around pyramidal and granule cell body layers, and exhibit enlarged vesicles and mitochondria. Cell-cell interaction analysis predicts DG cells as their primary interaction partners. This dataset defines transcriptomic programs underlying key cellular alterations in TLE, enabling mechanistic dissection of epileptogenesis.

TLE↗

PubMed2026

Environmentally relevant concentrations of DCOIT impaired lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is an antifouling biocide widely used as an alternative to organotin compounds. While previous studies had focused on its effects on energy production, endocrine disruption, and lipid metabolism, its impact on aging and underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of DCOIT (37, 370 and 3700 ng/L) significantly impaired both lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. RNA-seq and validation assays revealed that DCOIT upregulated comt-4, a key gene in dopamine metabolism, leading to dopamine depletion and subsequent induction of oxidative stress. This redox imbalance critically contributed to accelerated aging phenotypes. Importantly, both genetic (comt-4 RNAi) and pharmacological (opicapone) interventions restored dopamine levels, alleviated oxidative stress, and reversed DCOIT-induced aging deficits. Our study established the comt-4/dopamine/oxidative stress axis as a central mechanism in DCOIT toxicity, suggesting dopamine modulation as a potential countermeasure against environmental toxicant-induced aging.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Impaired adaptation to smoke-derived phenolic compounds in Listeria monocytogenes CC204 from smoked salmon and trout.

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen in ready-to-eat smoked fish products. This study evaluated whether clonal complex affiliation contributes to variability in growth responses to stresses representative of smoked salmon and trout processing. Ten strains were studied, including strains from CC121, CC26 and CC204, the three major clonal complexes reported in the French smoked salmon and trout sectors, together with the EGDe reference strain. Strains were exposed to salt, cold, smoke-derived phenolic compounds and combined stress conditions. Growth responses were compared with whole-genome-based phylogeny, and the impaired phenotype observed under phenolic exposure was further investigated using viable counts, live/dead microscopy and comparative genomics. Growth profiles were partly structured by clonal complex, with strains from the same clonal complex showing similar behaviour across stress conditions. Salt and cold reduced growth globally, while smoke-derived phenolic compounds were the most discriminating conditions. CC204 strains showed markedly lower growth rates under phenolic exposure than CC121, CC26 and EGDe. This phenotype was not associated with loss of cultivability or significant loss of membrane integrity. Comparative genomics did not identify a clear gene-content determinant explaining the CC204 phenotype. These results suggest that CC204 has an impaired adaptive response to smoke-derived compounds, likely involving regulatory or physiological mechanisms.

Listeria monocytogenes↗

PubMed2026

Beyond Photometric Consistency: Addressing Loss Insensitivity to Depth Noise in Endoscopic Estimation via Error Calibration.

Self-supervised monocular depth estimation in endoscopy is fundamentally constrained by the ill-posed nature of photometric supervision. In this work, we identify a critical yet overlooked cause of this ambiguity: the inherent insensitivity of photometric loss to depth noise. To overcome this intrinsic limitation, we propose Depth Error Calibration Learning (DECL), a two-stage framework that suppresses prediction variance and mitigates residual errors in self-supervised depth estimation. In Stage I (Variance Reduction), a cyclic depth generation strategy produces multiple depth hypotheses for the input image. The per-pixel empirical variance is quantified and integrated into a dedicated variance loss term, which penalizes inconsistent predictions and encourages the network to generate more stable and reliable depth estimates. In Stage II (Bias Calibration), an image-conditioned diffusion model refines the Stage-I depth prior and mitigates structured residuals through iterative denoising, thereby improving geometric accuracy and global consistency. Extensive experiments on three public endoscopic datasets demonstrate that DECL achieves consistent improvements over representative self-supervised monocular depth estimation methods under the evaluated protocols. Moreover, ablation studies on two representative backbones indicate that DECL is not restricted to a single network implementation, while broader validation on additional backbone families remains necessary. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/DavidLuBit/EndoDenoising.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Functional characterization of the MdFLZ2 gene in drought and salt stress tolerance in apple.

Drought and salt stress are significant environmental limitations that severely constrain plant growth and productivity, therefore, enhancing stress tolerance is a key goal in crop improvement. The plant-specific FCS-like zinc finger (FLZ) proteins have been identified as important regulators of stress adaptation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide characterization of the FLZ gene family in apple and functionally characterized MdFLZ2. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MdFLZ2 was differentially expressed across various tissues and transcriptionally induced by both drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that the MdFLZ2 protein is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The overexpression of MdFLZ2 in apple calli, Arabidopsis and tomato conferred increased resistance to drought and salt stress. In addition, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that MdFLZ2 interacted with MdSnRK1.1, and similar interactions were also detected between other MdFLZ family members and MdSnRK1.1. Collectively, our findings suggest MdFLZ2 as a positive regulator of drought and salt tolerance and highlight its potential to serve as a genetic resource for abiotic stress improvement.

Malus↗

PubMed2026

Selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing of carbosulfan based on BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets with excellent haloperoxidase-like activity.

The development of colorimetric methods based on directly inhibiting nanozyme activity for pesticide detection has attracted considerable attention. In this study, we report a novel colorimetric sensing strategy utilizing BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets (BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs) with haloperoxidase (HPO)-like activity for the rapid and sensitive detection of carbosulfan (CBS) in foods. Oxygen-vacancy-rich BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs with HPO-like activity were rationally constructed. Kinetic studies revealed a remarkable Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 0.014 mM for I-, indicating a higher affinity for iodide ions than other reported HPO-like nanozymes, as evidenced by its lower Km. Under acidic conditions, CBS tends to be hydrolyzed to produce reductive sulfide species, which directly inhibit the iodoperoxidase-like activity of BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs, enabling selective detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 μg/mL and a linear range of 0.20-100 μg/mL. When the concentration of interfering pesticides and substances was 5 times that of CBS, the sensor remained unaffected, exhibiting excellent stability and specificity. This work contributes to the detection of CBS in complex food matrices, bridging the application gap of HPO-like nanozymes in pesticide detection and providing a promising method for food safety detection.

Colorimetry↗

PubMed2026

Dengue and chikungunya vaccines past, present and future: implications for travelers.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Novel vaccines for dengue and chikungunya viruses offer new prevention options against two globally important arboviral diseases. This review summarizes recent developments in vaccine licensure, implementation, real-world experience and research priorities, with emphasis on implications for both endemic populations and travelers. RECENT FINDINGS: Of the three live-attenuated dengue vaccines licensed to date, TAK-003 is authorized in >40 countries and Butantan-DV in Brazil, while manufacturing of CYD-TDV is discontinued. Long-term and postmarketing data continue to refine understanding of serotype-specific protection, waning immunity, and rare adverse events.For chikungunya, two single-dose vaccines are licensed-a live-attenuated vaccine (VLA1553) and virus-like particle vaccine (PXVX0317). Uptake is guided by emerging safety and effectiveness data, with each platform offering potential advantages in different settings.Further data on long-term protection, safety, effectiveness, use in vulnerable populations and integration into outbreak management and immunization systems is anticipated. SUMMARY: Dengue and chikungunya vaccines are increasingly being used in immunization programs and pretravel consultations. Further real-world data are needed-particularly for seronegative dengue vaccine recipients and older, immunocompromised or medically at-risk adults. Research priorities include developing single-dose, nonlive dengue vaccines suitable for high-risk groups, understanding long-term chikungunya vaccine performance, and exploring broader flaviviral or pan-arboviral platforms.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

PHACE syndrome: a systematic literature review and illustrative case report of a patient with severe cerebrovascular and neurodevelopmental sequelae.

BACKGROUND: PHACE syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder defined by the association of large segmental infantile hemangiomas of the head and neck with malformations of the posterior fossa, cerebral and cervical arteries, heart, eyes, and ventral midline structures. Although facial hemangiomas are often the presenting feature, the cerebrovascular, neurodevelopmental, and airway manifestations are responsible for the greatest long-term morbidity. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searching PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. After removal of duplicates and screening of 308 records, five studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retained for qualitative synthesis. We additionally present the case of a now 12-year-old girl with PHACE syndrome characterized by a left V1-distribution facial hemangioma, ocular abnormalities, multiple cerebrovascular venous and arterial malformations, neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus, and a subsequently diagnosed dural arteriovenous fistula requiring repeated embolization. RESULTS: The five included studies collectively describe epidemiology and early supportive care needs, long-term health outcomes and quality of life into adulthood, airway hemangioma prevalence and management, and the clinical spectrum of infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth (IH-MAG) as a cutaneous marker of PHACE syndrome. Across studies, cerebrovascular arteriopathy (72-91%) and facial hemangioma residua (> 90%) were the most consistent findings, while progressive arteriopathy, headaches, learning differences, and airway involvement emerged as the principal sources of long-term morbidity. The reported case illustrates an unusually severe cerebrovascular phenotype, including neonatal hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, dural venous sinus thrombosis, and a late dural arteriovenous fistula, culminating in ataxic cerebral palsy and mild intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS: PHACE syndrome requires a multidisciplinary, lifelong follow-up strategy. The presented case underscores that cerebrovascular complications may evolve over years to decades after the initial diagnosis, reinforcing the need for long-term neuroradiological surveillance even after apparent clinical stability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Blood Bile Acids for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis and Disease Activity Assessment: A Metabolomics Meta-Analysis.

Alterations in circulating bile acids (BAs) have been reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the consistency of these changes across clinically relevant comparisons remains unclear. Our goal was to investigate systemic BA alterations in IBD using a metabolomics meta-analysis with an exploratory analysis of BA-related gene expression as a supporting context. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 metabolomics studies examined blood BA profiles associated with IBD, IBD diagnosis, and disease activity assessment. Univariate analysis and logistic regression modeling of two independent IBD cohorts explored the blood BA-related genes and IBD. Across 28 studies that comprised 5056 IBD patients, 1721 healthy controls, and 314 non-IBD patients, 131 BAs were reported. Eight predefined clinical comparisons were eligible for the meta-analysis. Lower secondary BA levels were consistently observed in IBD patients compared with controls, between UC and CD, and in active versus remission patients. Deoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid were frequently decreased, whereas glycocholic acid was increased in certain comparisons. Transcriptomics analyses revealed differential expression of several BA-related genes in blood, including SLC51A, ABCB4, and ACOT8, across the comparisons. Our findings identify consistent circulating BA alterations in IBD and highlight the relevance of blood BA for future biomarker research in the diagnosis and disease activity assessment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Versus Prosthetic Grafts in the Repair of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs) present a severe risk of progression to acute limb ischemia. Open surgery (OS) is the gold standard treatment; however, prosthetic grafts are acceptable in highly selected cases, especially when the great saphenous vein is not available. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing autologous versus prosthetic grafts for patency and limb preservation outcomes in patients with PAAs. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central were systematically searched from inception through October 2024. Outcomes were pooled using a frequentist random-effects model as odds ratios, mean differences, and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on RStudio (Version 4.5.0). Risk-of-bias assessments were performed using ROBINS-I and MINORS. RESULTS: Twenty-two observational studies were pooled comprising 9,145 PAAs in 8,370 patients, of whom 6,434 (74.51%) were treated with autologous grafts and 2,200 (25.49%) with prosthetic grafts. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 86 months. Repair with autologous conduits significantly improved long-term primary patency (HR 3.93; P < 0.001), secondary patency (HR 6.02; P < 0.001), and long-term limb salvage (HR 2.69; P = 0.044) compared with prosthetic conduits. There were no significant differences in in-hospital amputation (P = 0.36), myocardial infarction (P = 0.61), mortality (P = 0.50), 2-year primary patency (P = 0.25), 5-year secondary patency (P = 0.06), or length of hospital stay (P = 0.95). Risk of bias was classified as moderate-to-high, reflecting confounding factors inherent to observational studies and moderate methodological quality by MINORS. Despite these limitations, treatment effects consistently favored autologous grafts in both short- and long-term analyses; however, caution is warranted given the limited number of available studies. CONCLUSION: The use of autologous conduits significantly favors both short-term and long-term efficacy and safety in the OS repair of PAAs. Given the limitations of the existing evidence, further comparative studies are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Signal recognition particle 14 binds to importin α in Plasmodium falciparum.

BACKGROUND: The eukaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) consists of six proteins and one SRP RNA. This ribonucleoprotein complex assembles inside the nucleus. Nucleocytoplasmic transport is an essential process for the biogenesis of signal recognition particles (SRPs) as well as for the survival of a cell. There are studies on cells that indicate the import receptor is responsible for import of SRP proteins into nucleus, but there is a lack of evidence that SRP proteins directly bind with import receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coding sequences of SRP 14 and importin α were amplified from synthesized cDNA and genomic DNA, respectively, of Plasmodium falciparum cultivated in vitro culture. The amplified products were cloned and expressed in E. coli, followed by purification. A binding study was conducted on glutathione-agarose as well as in a 96-well plate format at different concentrations of SRP 14 with immobilized importin α. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of direct binding between importin α and a eukaryotic signal recognition particle 14 (SRP 14). A cost-effective 96-well plate-based assay has also been developed to study the binding of cargoes of importin α.

Plasmodium falciparum↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for vitiligo: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a promising therapeutic option for vitiligo, but previous meta-analyses have focused mainly on topical ruxolitinib versus placebo. Newer randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating oral agents and head-to-head comparisons with active treatments have not been comprehensively synthesized. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to 11 March 2026. Eligible RCTs evaluated JAK inhibitor monotherapy versus placebo or active comparators. Two reviewers screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using RoB 2.0. The primary outcome was F-VASI75. Meta-analyses used fixed-effect or random-effects models. GRADE assessed certainty of evidence. Results: Nine RCTs (1826 patients) were included. JAK inhibitors increased F-VASI75 versus placebo (RR 4.59, 95% CI 3.20-6.59; p < 0.001). For F-VASI50, they were superior to tacrolimus (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.02-3.45) but not significantly different from dexamethasone (RR 2.17, 95% CI 0.95-4.94). Serious adverse events were comparable between groups (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.57-2.33). Evidence certainty was moderate. Conclusions: JAK inhibitors are effective and well tolerated for vitiligo. Topical ruxolitinib is supported as a first-line option for limited facial disease; oral agents show promise but require longer-term safety data.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of iGlarLixi Versus IDegAsp by Baseline Age, Disease Duration and HbA1c in Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analyses of the Soli-D Study.

AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) with insulin degludec plus insulin aspart (IDegAsp) by baseline age, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) duration and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the Soli-D study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In Soli-D, Chinese adults with T2D suboptimally controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) were randomized to iGlarLixi or IDegAsp for 24 weeks. These post hoc analyses evaluated glycaemic efficacy, insulin dose, body weight and hypoglycaemia outcomes in subgroups defined by baseline age (< 65, ≥ 65 years), T2D duration (< 10, ≥ 10 years) and HbA1c (≥ 7% to ≤ 8% [≥ 53 to ≤ 64 mmol/mol], > 8% to ≤ 9% [> 64 to ≤ 75 mmol/mol], > 9% [> 75 mmol/mol]). RESULTS: Among 582 participants (iGlarLixi n = 291; IDegAsp n = 291), baseline age was < 65 years in 442 and ≥ 65 years in 140; T2D duration was < 10 years in 366 and ≥ 10 years in 216; and HbA1c was ≥ 7% to ≤ 8% in 205, > 8% to ≤ 9% in 209 and > 9% in 168. At Week 24, HbA1c reductions were greater with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp, with no treatment-by-subgroup interactions for baseline age, T2D duration or HbA1c. Change in other glycaemic outcomes, insulin dose and body weight generally showed no interaction across subgroups. Total insulin daily doses during treatment and hypoglycaemia event rates were consistently lower with iGlarLixi versus IDegAsp in all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: iGlarLixi provides improved glycaemic control at lower insulin doses with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia in Chinese adults with suboptimally controlled T2D on OADs, regardless of baseline age, disease duration or HbA1c.

Humans↗