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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Re-injecting spontaneity and balance in family life: parents' perspectives on recreation in families that include children with developmental disability.

METHODS: Grounded in the naturalistic paradigm, a mixed-method research design (survey questionnaire, n = 65; and interview, n = 16) was used to explore the nature and benefits of, and constraints to, family recreation in families that included children with developmental disability. Statistical analyses were conducted on the quantitative data, while key theme and constant comparative methods were used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS: These analyses revealed that family recreation most often involved small combinations of family members - usually mothers and their children - in physical recreation activities (e.g. swimming, walking, bike riding). Parents viewed these interactions as beneficial for enhancing family relationships and providing children, particularly those with a disability, opportunities for skill and self development within an accepting and supportive environment. Difficulties in coordinating family members schedules, finding activities to accommodate wide age and skill ranges, planning demands, and limitations in marketing and promotional materials were among the constraints most commonly identified in relation to the family as a whole and the children with developmental disability. Links to existing family and leisure research, family systems theory, and considerations for future research also are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Detection of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in surface water, including recreational areas: a one-year prospective study.

Accidental ingestion of natural waters while bathing carries a risk of infection by waterborne protozoa such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia and, possibly, microsporidia. In order to evaluate this risk, we conducted a one-year prospective study of two recreational lakes and three river sites located near Paris, where bathing and boating are frequent. Twenty-litre water samples were collected monthly from each site. Concentrated samples were submitted to immunomagnetic separation followed by immunofluorescence (IMS-IF) for Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection. PCR and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were used for the genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species on IMS-IF-positive samples. PCR were systematically performed to detect Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Bacteria counts were also determined. IMS-IF revealed low counts of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in the recreational lakes, with occasional peaks (max. 165 cysts/10 L and 9 oocysts/10 L). By contrast, the river sites were consistently and sometimes heavily contaminated throughout the year. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found in only two river samples. PCR-RFLP genotyping showed the presence of C. hominis and C. parvum. No correlation was found between the presence or counts of parasites and bacteria, except between the presence of Giardia and high counts of Escherichia coli and enterococci. Based on a previously developed model for quantitative risk assessment of waterborne parasitic infections, we estimated that the mean risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and Giardia associated with swimming was <10(-4) in the recreational lakes, and frequently higher at the river sites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A three-phase analysis of the prevention of recreational softball injuries.

Recreational sports injuries are expensive to society. Prevention of such injuries must be a major public health goal. In a previous retrospective study, base sliding was found to be responsible for 71% of recreational softball injuries. Because most injuries occurred during rapid deceleration against stationary bases, quick-release (break-away) bases were evaluated as a means to modify this mechanism of injury. In a prospective study, 633 softball games were played on a break-away base fields and 627 games were played on stationary base fields. Forty-five sliding injuries occurred on the stationary base diamonds (1 injury for every 13.9 games) and only two sliding injuries occurred on the break-away fields (1 injury for every 316.5 games). The medical costs for injuries on the stationary base fields was 79 times greater than that on the break-away fields. In a 1035 game follow-up study performed on all fields equipped with break-away bases, two sliding injuries occurred (1 injury for every 517.5 games). Installing break-away bases in fields used by recreational leagues would achieve a significant reduction of serious softball injuries (98%) and, therefore, should be mandatory. Based on our findings, the Centers for Disease Control has estimated 1.7 million injuries would be prevented nationally per year, saving $2.0 billion per year nationally in acute medical care costs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Going beyond: an adventure- and recreation-based group intervention promotes well-being and weight loss in schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: To undertake a preliminary study to assess the feasibility of clinical implementation and evaluate the effectiveness of a novel adventure- and recreation-based group intervention in the rehabilitation of individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS: In a 2-year, prospective, case-control study, 23 consecutively referred, clinically stabilized schizophrenia patients received the new intervention over an 8-month period; 31 patients on the wait list, considered the control group, received standard clinical care that included some recreational activities. Symptom severity, self-esteem, self-appraised cognitive abilities, and functioning were documented for both groups with standardized rating scales administered at baseline, on completion of treatment, and at 12 months posttreatment. RESULTS: Treatment adherence was 97%, and there were no dropouts. Patients in the study group showed marginal improvement in perceived cognitive abilities and on domain-specific functioning measures but experienced a significant improvement in their self-esteem and global functioning (P < 0.05), as well as a weight loss of over 12 lb. Improvement was sustained over 1 year with further occupational and social gains. CONCLUSION: In the context of overcoming barriers to providing early intervention for youth and preventing metabolic problems among older adults with schizophrenia, adventure- and recreation-based interventions could play a useful complementary role.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Viability of parks and recreation centers as sites for youth physical activity promotion.

This descriptive study explored the potential for public parks and recreation centers as intervention sites for promoting physical activity among youth. Directors (55% women) of 44 recreation centers in San Diego County completed a survey of their centers' physical activity programming for youths ages 3 to 17 years (response rate = 60%). On an average weekday, 373 (SD = 782) youths participated in physical activity at a center. More boys attended than girls (p <.05). Some centers sponsored after-school programs at elementary (41%) and middle (11%) schools but not at high schools (0%). Primary barriers to providing physical activity programs were inadequate staffing (54%), funding (39%), and facilities (32%). Girls and low-income youth were identified as the most difficult populations to reach. Directors reported considerable interest in collaborating on interventions to improve youth activity programs. Public parks and recreation centers are understudied settings with the potential for substantial involvement in efforts to promote youth physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A study on the physical effects of short-time recreation activities at a hot spring resort on unhealthy middle-aged workers].

A pilot study to improve unhealthy life habits of thirty middle-aged male clerical workers (45 +/- 3.58 yr.) with mild health disorders such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and fatty liver was carried out. Under prohibition of smoking and alcohol intake, they spent five nights and six days at a hot spring resort, taking part in planned health training programs which included aerobic training, hiking in forests, hot spring baths, cooking practice and lectures about healthy life, controlled by medical, dietary and physical training staffs. To evaluate the short-term effects of these activities, body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid (total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, total free fatty acid and phospholipid), blood sugar, uric acid, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were examined early in the morning of the second (before) and the fifth (after) days, and then their impressions of these recreation activities were monitored by questionnaires on the sixth day. By t-tests of all before-and-after data, it was shown that mean values of body weight, systolic blood pressure, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and gamma-GTP were improved, but fasting blood sugar, uric acid and GOT were not improved. In comparison of blood pressure levels, the hypertensive group (n = 9) showed lowering in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though the normal group (n = 10) had slight elevation. In addition, in the hypercholesterolemic group (n = 11, greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl) mean total cholesterol values decreased, conversely in the hypocholesterolemic group (n = 6, less than 180 mg/dl) they increased. Moreover, the obese group (n = 15, obesity index greater than or equal to 120%) showed greater decreases of body weight, triglyceride and phospholipid than the non-obese group. From questionnaires, it was confirmed that through these recreation activities most participants found mental and spiritual satisfaction, in spite of heavy physical loads. The short-term recreation activities under a stressless environment seemed to maintain the function of homeostasis in the body, but further investigation is needed to examine the relation between the contents of diets and physical activities, and to follow the long-term effects on the participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Providing independent recreational activities to reduce stereotypic vocalizations in chronic schizophrenics.

We evaluated the effects of minimally supervised, independent recreational activities on stereotypic vocal behavior in two chronic schizophrenic patients. In baseline sessions, subjects were observed during unstructured free time in the psychiatric ward. In treatment sessions, therapists presented preferred recreational materials (magazines, models, and art projects), verbally prompted on-task behavior every 20 min, and, in one condition, administered contingent tokens. Independent recreational activities reduced medium-rate self-talk in one subject and high-rate mumbling in a second subject by 60%-70%. Results were the same with or without contingent tokens. Apparent self-maintaining characteristics of these vocal responses are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effects of recreational physical activity and back exercises on low back pain and psychological distress: findings from the UCLA Low Back Pain Study.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to estimate the effects of recreational physical activity and back exercises on low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress among patients randomized to chiropractic or medical care in a managed care setting. METHODS: Low back pain patients (n=681) were randomized and followed for 18 months. Participation in recreational physical activities, use of back exercises, and low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted associations of physical activity and back exercises with concurrent and subsequent pain, disability, and psychological distress. RESULTS: Participation in recreational physical activities was inversely associated--both cross-sectionally and longitudinally--with low back pain, related disability, and psychological distress. By contrast, back exercise was positively associated--both cross-sectionally and longitudinally--with low back pain and related disability. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that individuals with low back pain should refrain from specific back exercises and instead focus on nonspecific physical activities to reduce pain and improve psychological health.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Predictors of injury among adult recreational in-line skaters: a multicity study.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined risk factors for injury, injury prevalence, safety gear use, and skating habits of adult recreational in-line skaters. METHODS: Randomly selected in-line skaters in 6 major US cities were interviewed. RESULTS: Only 6% of skaters consistently wore all 4 recommended types of safety gear. Skaters with greater skating experience were more likely to perform tricks, wear less safety gear, and sustain an injury. CONCLUSION: More experienced adult recreational in-line skaters are at increased risk for injury. Safety gear use in alarmingly low in adult recreational in-line skaters, especially experienced skaters. Safe skating education programs should consider targeting this newly recognized at-risk skating population.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Health effects of recreational running in women. Some epidemiological and preventive aspects.

Estimated maximum oxygen uptake of middle-aged nonelite road race entrants is around 45 to 50 ml/kg/min, which is 40 to 100% higher than values from the female general population. Endurance training, low bodyweight, and nonsmoking of runners explain part of, but not the whole, difference in aerobic capacity observed between athletes and the general population. Sedentary women can improve cardiorespiratory fitness through aerobic exercise programmes, and the women with the lowest level of initial fitness have the highest proportional improvement following training. Regularly exercising women have a significantly reduced risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary events, and low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with an increased risk of death and nonfatal stroke. The influence of habitual running on the female blood lipid profile is not clear. Cross-sectional studies have found elevated HDL cholesterol concentrations in distance runners, but intervention studies on the effect of jogging on lipid and lipoprotein levels have provided equivocal results. A higher level of physical fitness is associated with a lower risk to subsequently develop hypertension. Experimental studies have shown that moderate intensity aerobic exercise (40 to 60% VO2max) is able to reduce blood pressure significantly in hypertensive subjects. An athletic lifestyle may be associated with a reduced risk of adult-onset diabetes mellitus (via an exercise-induced increase in insulin-sensitivity), and with a reduced risk of cancers of the reproductive system, breast, and colon. Recreational running is also correlated with better weight control. Surveys of recreational and elite distance runners show a great variability in the prevalence of secondary amenorrhoea, between 1 and 44%. Environmental factors determining the risk of amenorrhoea in runners are low body fat content, mileage, and nutritional inadequacy, with low intakes of calories, protein, and fat. Amenorrhoeic athletes in their third and fourth decade have lower vertebral bone density, which is improved after resumption of menses but does not completely reach age-specific average values. Regardless of menstrual status, the effectiveness of exercise to maintain bone mass throughout life is an important issue. Habitual exercise is associated with increased bone density of the spine both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Several controlled training studies suggest that postmenopausal women may at least retard their bone loss with regular aerobic exercise. Running-related injuries and complaints are common in recreational joggers, even though the reported 1-year incidence, varying between 14 and approximately 50%, depends on injury definition. Mileage and a history of previous running injury are known risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

Microbial exposure assessment of an urban recreational lake: a case study of the application of new risk-based guidelines.

New WHO and Australian guidelines promote a risk-management approach for minimising exposure to pathogens in recreational waters. Between 2003 and 2005, they were applied to Lake Parramatta (10 ha, 450 ML), a potential recreation site in Sydney, Australia. A three stage approach was developed involving (1) initial suitability assessment using historic data, (2) revised suitability assessment based on new data and (3) characterisation of hazardous (especially wet weather) events. Contrary to the stage 1 suitability classification, stage 2 baseline data indicated that during dry weather the lake had water quality sufficient for primary contact recreation (95th percentiles for enterococci = 19 MPN/100, n = 50) and the major pathogen source was wildfowl. Guideline principles provided a rationale for collecting microbiological and geographic data needed to understand local cycles of lake contamination/recovery. The concept of hazardous events was particularly useful. Studies of stormwater events led us to identify a transition point (> 10 mm rainfall in 24 h) where human-faecal pathogen risks increased and access needed to be controlled. Together baseline and event data yielded operational tools (i.e. event detection methods, action triggers, auditing criteria, remediation priorities) for minimising bather exposure.

Clostridium perfringens↗
PubMed1997

An exploration of the influence of educational placement on the community recreation and leisure patterns of children with developmental disabilities.

This study explored the recreation and leisure patterns of children with moderate to severe developmental disabilities, 28 parents of children labeled "trainable mentally handicapped" were questioned about the type of sport, exercise, and social activities their children participated in as well as about the opportunities for social inclusion with nondisabled peers that these activities afforded their children. Analyses indicated that most of the children participated in segregated recreation and leisure activities. However, after adjusting for age, an analysis of covariance showed that children placed in more socially integrated educational settings participated in significantly more inclusive recreational activities than children who were served in segregated educational settings.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of neighborhood design and recreational environments with physical activity.

PURPOSE: To determine the association of neighborhood design factors and recreational environments with physical activity. METHODS: Randomly selected adults (n = 102, 52% female, 81% white, mean age = 48 years) completed a survey of eight neighborhood design variables, convenient recreational facilities, and availability of home equipment. Physical activity was measured by self-report and 7 days of accelerometer monitoring. RESULTS: Residential density and an overall environment index were significantly related to both vigorous-intensity self-reported (r = .35 and .28, respectively) and objectively measured physical activity (r = .39 and .23, respectively). Home equipment was correlated with self-reported total (r = .34) and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (r = .27). The vigorous and total activity accelerometer measures were correlated with street connectivity (r = .25 and .21, respectively). DISCUSSION: Few self-reported neighborhood design factors and recreational environment variables were correlated with physical activity, and some findings were unexpected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships among community characteristics and walking and bicycling for transportation or recreation.

PURPOSE: Compare walking and bicycling for transportation and recreation with the percentage of the community devoted to parklands. METHODS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 206,992), Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (N = 409,025), and Trust for Public Land (N = 55) data were used to estimate recreational walking and bicycling, utilitarian walking and bicycling, and parkland as a percentage of city acreage. Data were linked at the metropolitan statistical area or city level (N = 34). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the associations among recreational and utilitarian walking and bicycling and parkland acreage. RESULTS: Utilitarian walking and bicycling and parkland acreage were significantly correlated (r = .62, p < .0001). No significant relationships were observed for leisure time walking or bicycling. DISCUSSION: Communities with more parks had significantly higher levels of walking and bicycling for transportation. Urban design features associated with leisure time physical activity might differ from those associated with transportation-related physical activity. Further studies are needed to articulate the relationships among community attributes and purposes of physical activity.

Bicycling↗
PubMed1984

Issues in continuing professional competence of therapeutic recreators.

Entry level knowledge and skills of professionals become outdated with technological advances and the accumulation of practical skills. Participation in programs offering continuing education units (CEU's) has been the most widely accepted way to combat the obsolescence problem and to document life-long learning. However, research has yet to establish improved service delivery as a result of practitioner involvement in such training programs. Credentialing requires reliable and valid measurement of competence over one's professional life. Therapeutic recreators have yet to present a definitive "scope of practice" or to determine the "half-life" of those competencies believed fundamental to practice. The field of therapeutic recreation is void of research on quality assurance alternatives. Thus, there appear to be unresolved issues regarding therapeutic recreators' needs to maintain their professional competence throughout their careers.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

Productivity analysis as a method of fiscal accountability for therapeutic recreation.

This article reviews increasing pressures for fiscal accountability and describes productivity analysis and measurement as a method of demonstrating fiscal accountability for therapeutic recreation. The article reviews various aspects of productivity analysis and measurement, including definitions for productivity, a description of why productivity measurement is important to therapeutic recreation as a method of demonstrating fiscal accountability, and facts and myths about productivity analysis and measurement. A process of developing a productivity measurement system for therapeutic recreation is presented for consideration.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1985

A facility-wide approach to recreation programming for adults who are severely and profoundly retarded.

A facility-wide recreation program was designed and implemented in order to increase staff and client participation in daily leisure activities at an intermediate care facility for severely and profoundly mentally retarded adults. The baseline phase of the study consisted of having recreational materials available during scheduled recreation periods. The treatment was a package program consisting of (1) providing the staff with preplanned materials and activities, (2) assigning staff to specific roles, and (3) monitoring staff and providing feedback by supervisors. The treatment was implemented on the two living units of the Liberty Intermediate Care Facility. Treatment effects were similar on both units. Client participation increased from a baseline average of less than 10% to nearly 50% and staff participation increased from less than 10% to an average of 60% during program implementation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutic recreation for long-term care patients.

The present study evaluates the impact of a therapeutic recreation program on the life satisfaction and activity level of hospitalized geropsychiatric patients. Sixty-one inpatients from a VA Medical Center were randomly assigned to participate either in a community recreation program for ten consecutive Saturdays or to engage in the regularly scheduled hospital program. Data from four observational instruments established a baseline of activities and confirmed that the study group's life satisfaction appears quite comparable to previously published reports. While the results showed no significant differences among pre-post measures, the clinical staff who accompanied the recreation group reported many unsolicited patient responses indicating consistently high and uniform expressions of satisfaction throughout the trial period. A discussion clarifies how therapeutic evaluation procedures could be made more appropriate for a geropsychiatric population.

Activities of Daily Living↗