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PubMed1993

The ability of adolescents to predict future outcome. Part I: Assessing predictive abilities.

Because adolescents are generally viewed as "risk-takers," an assessment of planning and decision-making skills during the teenage years may reveal why this developmental group tends to engage in dangerous behaviors. One area in which these abilities have significant consequences for future outcome is pregnancy, a condition that requires a decision to either give birth or abort. Previewing, a process by which caregivers introduce infants to the physical sensations of imminent developmental change and the implications of such change on their relationship, may affect the adolescent's ability to predict upcoming change. This paper explores previewing skills during the adolescent years and how this capacity affects the teenager's orientation toward future outcomes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Predicting unpredictability: a model of women's processes of predicting battering men's violence.

This paper proposes a theoretical model of how women predict men's violence within the context of battering. The model was developed from a grounded theory study of 30 women. Participants were recruited using advertisements in free neighborhood newspapers. Interviews were conducted in small groups or individually. The analysis revealed that battered women developed sophisticated knowledge about and response patterns to their partners' violent behaviors. They identified specific changes in their partners' eyes, speech, and tone of voice and described specific situations that served as warning signs of potential violence. Once able to identify warning signs, women responded with strategies of avoidance, engagement, fleeing, and enlisting the help of others to avert or delay violent incidences. These strategies provided temporary relief but did not usually result in the cessation of violence.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gender differences in the self-rated health-mortality association: is it poor self-rated health that predicts mortality or excellent self-rated health that predicts survival?

PURPOSE: This study investigates gender differences in the association between self-rated health (SRH) and mortality. This association has been well-documented, but findings regarding gender differences are inconsistent. The specific objectives were (a) to examine these differences in a short and a long time frame, (b) to examine these differences among old and old-old people, and (c) to address the question of whether this association is based on the accuracy of poor SRH as a predictor of future decline, and/or of better SRH as a predictor of longevity. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study is based on an Israeli nationally representative sample of 622 women and 730 men who were interviewed about their SRH, as well as sociodemographic information and other measures of health, physical functioning, cognitive status, and depression. RESULTS: For both genders, SRH was associated only with shorter term mortality (within the next 4 years) and not with longer-term mortality (9 years of follow-up). This association was strongest among the old (ages 75-84) women, compared with the old men and with the old-old (85-94) women and men. A possible explanation may be related to differences in the accuracy of excellent SRH at very old age. IMPLICATIONS: The SRH-mortality association may differ among age and gender groups. Identifying the conditions under which it is more accurate will enable researchers and practitioners to know when it can be utilized. It is important to assess differences in the accuracy of poor SRH as well as of excellent SRH as predictors of future health outcomes.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A possibility to predict the severity of individual damage following the exposure to supralethal radiation dosage. Prediction of working capacity of irradiated rats and dogs by response to pre-exposure hypobaric load].

In experiments on rats and dogs exposed to radiation doses which cause intestinal and cerebral forms of radiation sickness, hypobaric hypoxia used as an unconventional test of animals' reactivity has enabled the relationship between reactivity and radiosensitivity to be established. Higher post-radiation efficiency is observed in animals with less pronounced changes during a barotest. The goodness of fit of experimental data to the expected result is up to 70%, rising if a set parameters for one index or the sum total of indices are used.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Psychosocial factors predict coronary heart disease, but what predicts psychosocial risk in women.

OBJECTIVES: Psychosocial factors, including depression, anger, and social isolation, have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), but predictors of psychosocial burden among women with CHD are poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether readily measured demographic and risk factors could identify women with psychosocial risk factors that are more difficult to assess in a clinical setting. METHODS: Baseline data on 304 women (mean age 62 years, 52% minority) hospitalized with CHD at 3 academic medical centers participating in a clinical study of adherence to prevention guidelines were evaluated. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure depression (4-item self-report tool from the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders questionnaire) and anger (Spielberger Trait Anger Scale). One self-report question was used to assess social isolation. RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of women with CHD reported depression, 50% reported anger, and 41% reported social isolation. In a logistical model controlling for confounders, independent predictors of depression were having dependents (odds ratio [OR] = 2.27, p = .006), age (< or = 65 years) (OR = 1.91, p = .02), and exercise (< 3 days/week) (OR = 3.92, p < .001). Anger was associated with having dependents (OR = 3.16, p < .001), age (< or = 65 years) (OR = 1.95, p = .02), and smoking (OR = 2.05, p = .04). Subjects who had dependents (OR = 2.24, p = .005), were unemployed (OR = 1.93, p = .03), and who did not get enough exercise (< 3 days/week) (OR = 2.07, p = .03) reported higher isolation in adjusted models. Differences in prevalence of psychosocial factors by ethnicity were not statistically significant. However, there was a trend toward increased prevalence of psychosocial risk factors among white women, possibly reflecting the need for more culturally sensitive screening tools. CONCLUSION: These data may be helpful in identifying women who are at risk of increased CHD morbidity and mortality because of psychosocial burden.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical practice guidelines. Pressure ulcers in adults: prediction and prevention. Panel for the Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Adults.

This clinical practice guideline makes specific recommendations for identifying at-risk adults and for defining early interventions for preventing pressure ulcers. The guideline may also be used to treat Stage I pressure ulcers (nonblanchable erythema of intact skin). These guideline recommendations are not intended as the basis of care of infants and children, nor do they apply to individuals with existing Stage II or greater pressure ulcers or to individuals who are fully mobile.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Life events do not predict symptoms: symptoms predict symptoms.

The effects of life events and previous symptoms on current symptom levels were examined in a model using data from a 3-year prospective study. Male psychiatric patients and nonpatients reported on life events and symptoms every 2 months on 18 occasions. Logistic regression analysis of these data revealed little dependence of psychiatric symptoms on preceding life events as measured by the Holmes and Rahe Schedule of Recent Experiences (SRE). The best predictor of the current symptom level was the level of previous symptoms. It is concluded that efforts to relate changes in the social environment to health must first consider the possible contribution of the antecedent symptom level to the variability in health outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

What else do SIDS risk prediction scores predict?

Various aspects of the medical and social history of 12 743 children examined at the age of 5 years were related to two risk scores for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) computed from data collected in the neonatal period. Children at high risk of SIDS were also at high risk of pneumonia, non-accidental injury and repeated or prolonged hospital admissions. There were stronger associations, however, with factors indicating social disruption and environmental disadvantage.

Accidents↗