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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adrenergic innervation of the calvarium of the neonatal rat. Its relationship to the sagittal suture and developing parietal bones.

The presence and distribution of adrenergic nerves in the developing calvarium of the newborn rat documented by means of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique in rats aged 2 or 7 days. Nerve fibres exhibiting catecholamine-specific fluorescence were seen within the developing calvarium of all animals. In coronal sections, these fibres could be seen in the developing bone, especially in the lamina interna, while in sagittal sections, they were seen to traverse the tissue to reach the central of the diploë. These fibres originate from a denser plexus within the dura mater. Especially in the younger age group, the fluorescent fibres often exhibited an immature appearance, being coarse and devoid of varicosities. In the older animals the fibres were often varicose. The sutural tissue proper was always found to be devoid of adrenergic innervation. The possible origin and functional significance of the adrenergic innervation in the developing bone in relation to skull growth and sutural closure are discussed.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed2001

Malignant giant-cell tumor of the parietal bone: case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Giant-cell tumors (GCTs) are primary bone tumors that involve long bones in 75 to 90% of patients. They seldom develop in the cranium and are very rare in patients older than 60 years of age. A GCT rarely occurs with Paget's disease; when it does, however, it is most commonly associated with the polyostotic form and tends to involve the craniofacial bones. Pagetic GCTs are less aggressive than GCTs that are not associated with Paget's disease. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report the case of an 81-year-old woman with a painless left parietal mass and asymptomatic monostotic parietal Paget's disease. INTERVENTION: Surgical resection was performed, and histological examination of the lesion demonstrated Paget's disease with a malignant GCT. An incidental, low-grade, small-cell lymphocytic lymphoma also was noted. The patient experienced local recurrence of the malignant GCT and eventually died after developing pulmonary metastases of the malignant GCT. CONCLUSION: This case is the first reported example of a patient with a malignant GCT of the cranium associated with monostotic Paget's disease. It provides evidence that not all pagetic GCTs in the cranium are benign, as has been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[The role of autologous parietal bone graft in alveolar cleft].

Autologous bone grafting of alveolar clefts is a well recognized procedure. Calvarium represents an interesting donor site because of the absence of morbidity and the dimensional stability of this membranous bone compared with endochondral bone sources. The authors reponed their experiences with this type of grafting used in 17 patients. Referred to the parameters analized in an important Swedish study, the rate of success was about 80% agree with the results of other authors with the same type of graft. Aspects of general planning, timing, technique and failure are extensively discussed. Pre and post surgical orthodontic treatment is also very important for a good result. The pattern of maxillo-facial growth and the effect of the graft materials on facial development are mentioned. The study of literature indicates that the best grafting results are achieved when free autogenous mandibular symphyseal bone grafts were used. The only true disadvantage is the small quantity of bone tissue available. The authors conclude suggesting the use of chin bone grafting in situations where the technique provides sufficient bone and recommend the use of cranial vault as the alternative source of membranous bone graft, for example, in bilateral clefts, when anterior theeth are not erupted yet and in any other situation where the mandibular bone graft is not possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Platelet-derived growth factor enhances deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat parietal bone.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or closely related proteins are found in bone matrix and are produced by cultured osteosarcoma cells. In serum-deprived osteoblast-enriched (ob) cultures from fetal rat bone, recombinant human PDGF (composed of a B chain homodimer) at 0.1-3 nM enhanced the rate of DNA synthesis by 2- to 8-fold within 24 h of treatment, and 0.3-3 nM PDGF increased cell number by 1.3- to 1.6-fold. Unlike results with rat kidney fibroblast cultures, the mitogenic effect of PDGF in ob cultures was not synergistic with that of insulin-like growth factor I. PDGF at 0.3-10 nM also enhanced the rates of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesis in ob cultures by 1.5- to 4.0-fold, and these increases were blocked when DNA synthesis was prevented. The stimulatory effects of PDGF did not appear specific to ob cultures from fetal rat bone, since similar increases were found in bone cell cultures containing fibroblasts and osteoblast precursors. PDGF binding at 4 C to ob cultures indicated a single class of receptors with a Kd of 0.16 nM and approximately 60,000 sites/cell. Polyacrylamide gel of 125I-PDGF bound and cross-linked to ob cultures revealed a single radioactive band at approximately 180,000-190,000 mol wt. The present studies, therefore, indicate that PDGF can directly increase replication and matrix protein synthesis by both differentiated and undifferentiated bone cells, and that bone- or platelet-derived PDGF may have an important anabolic role in bone remodeling or fracture repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-4 inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 induction in neonatal mouse parietal bone cultures.

We have shown previously that prostaglandin (PG) production in 7-day-old neonatal mouse calvarial cultures is regulated largely by changes in prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) expression and to a lesser extent by changes in arachidonic acid (AA) release. In this study, we examined the effects of interleukin-4 (IL-4), and its interactions with other cytokines and with parathyroid hormone (PTH), on mRNA levels of PGHS-2, PGHS-1, and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and on medium protaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in calvarial cultures. IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), both at 1-100 ng/ml, and PTH at 0.1-10 nM increased PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA and medium PGE2 levels dose-dependently after 4 h of treatment. IL-6 and IL-11 at 1-100 ng/ml did not affect mRNA or PGE2 levels. IL-4 at 1-100 ng/ml decreased PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA and PGE2 levels in control as well as IL-1, TNF-alpha, and PTH-stimulated cultures. The inhibition of PGHS-2 and cPLA2 mRNA expression by IL-4 (10 ng/ml) was present at 1 h, reached a maximum at 4 h, and persisted for 24 h. The effects were maintained in the presence of cycloheximide. IL-4 also decreased PGHS-2 protein levels in control and IL-1-stimulated cultures. PGHS-1 mRNA levels were not stimulated by any of the factors studied nor inhibited by IL-4. IL-4 partially inhibited control and PTH-stimulated 45Ca release from prelabeled mouse calvariae at 4 days. However, neither the inhibition of resorption by IL-4 nor the stimulation by IL-1 and PTH were altered by indomethacin (1 microM). We conclude that (1) IL-1, TNF-alpha, and PTH, but not IL-6 nor IL-11, can increase the expression of PGHS-2, cPLA2, and PGE2 production in cultured mouse calvariae; (2) IL-4 inhibits PGE2 production in both control and stimulated calvarial cultures by inhibiting PGHS-2 and cPLA2; and (3) IL-4 has an inhibitory effect on bone resorption which is independent of PG production.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Intraosseous neurinoma of the parietal bone.

Intraosseous neurinoma is very uncommon tumor. Its location in the skull is extremely rare. A 4-year-old boy presented with a lump in the right occipital region. Computed tomography revealed a soft tissue mass with bony erosion in the right occipital bone. The solid, nontender, and immobile mass was totally removed. The pathological examination showed that it was an intraosseous neurinoma. Total resection of intraosseous neurinomas is sufficient treatment and is not followed by recurrence.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2001

Osteoprotegerin is produced when prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited causing osteoclasts to detach from the surface of mouse parietal bone and attach to the endocranial membrane.

Osteoclast differentiation and activation is controlled, at least in part, by the counterbalancing influences of osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit bone loss in vivo and bone resorption in vitro, and this is associated with a loss of osteoclasts from the bone surface. We test the hypothesis that OPG mediates the inhibition of osteoclast activity that occurs with indomethacin in the mouse calvaria. Recombinant human OPG, like indomethacin, was found to cause osteoclasts to detach from the bone surface and attach to the adjacent endocranial membrane (periosteum). Recombinant human OPG also inhibited the stimulatory effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) on osteoclast adhesion to bone after an incubation with indomethacin. A function-blocking antibody to OPG and soluble human OPGL both inhibited the effect of indomethacin, leaving active osteoclasts on the bone. OPG activity was detected in the culture medium from indomethacin-treated bones and PTH, PGE2, 1,25D3, and dexamethasone all inhibited the production of OPG activity. We conclude that, in the absence of specific stimulators of bone resorption, OPG is produced by the mouse calvaria in vitro, which inhibits bone resorption by causing osteoclasts to detach from the bone surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Cavernous hemangioma of the parietal bone. Case report and review of the literature.

Intraosseous cavernous hemangiomas are a rare finding in the calvarium. It is a benign tumor arising from the intrinsic vasculature of the bone. We report one case observed in a 20 year-old male. The diagnostic peculiarities and therapeutic implications of this lesion are discussed and the available literature on this subject is reviewed. These tumors do not recur once a radical surgical removal is performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anabolic effects of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid in cultured neonatal mouse parietal bones.

We previously reported that both T3 and triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac) stimulate bone resorption in organ culture, with Triac somewhat more potent than T3. In this study we compared the effects of T3 and Triac on DNA and protein synthesis in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae. After 24 h of preculture, with 72 h of treatment, but not 24 or 48 h, these hormones stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation. After 72 h of preculture, stimulation was observed with only 24 h of treatment. These effects were significant at 10(-10) M and maximal at 10(-9) M for both T3 and Triac (treated/control ratios, 2.2 and 2.0, respectively). In contrast to their effects on bone resorption, T3 was more potent than Triac in stimulating [3H]thymidine incorporation. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 did not decrease the stimulation of DNA synthesis by T3 or Triac. The medium insulin-like growth factor-I concentration was less than 10(-10) M and was not regulated by these hormones. T3 and Triac stimulated [3H]proline incorporation into both collagen and noncollagen protein to a similar extent (approximately 30% at 10(-8) M). Indomethacin did not alter the effects of T3 and Triac on DNA or collagen synthesis. Aphidicolin, which blocked DNA synthesis completely, partially decreased the effects of thyroid hormones on collagen synthesis. The effect of aphidicolin on bone formation was less than that observed previously on bone resorption. We speculate that the effects of thyroid hormones on bone formation as well as bone resorption may be partially dependent on their mitogenic effects. As Triac is more potent in stimulating resorption and less potent in stimulating formation, Triac may be more catabolic than T3.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Primary malignant lymphoma of the right parietal bone in childhood--a case report].

Primary malignant lymphoma of the bone is quite rare in childhood. Its incidence was reported to be less than 1% in Japanese patients. A 14 year-old boy admitted to Mie University Hospital because of tumor of the skull in August 1988 is reported. Biopsy of the tumor revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse large cell type). Bone marrow aspiration on admission showed infiltration of lymphoma cells. Surface marker analysis of lymphoma cells in bone marrow was performed by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The surface phenotype of lymphoma cells conformed with that of non-T, non-B lymphoid cells. The patient was treated by high-risk lymphoma protocol formulated in the Department of Pediatrics, Mie University and achieved complete remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Vascularized parietal bone island flap. A technical note apropos of a case of reconstruction of the palate after hemi-maxillectomy].

Closure of wide palate defects is still a very complex problem and a real challenge for cervico-facial surgeons. The authors present an original technics drifted of the one D.W. Furnas describe in 1986. It allows, in a single stage, reconstruction of palatal defects. Surgical procedure of the temporal fasciosseous island flap is presented and then, advantages and inconveniences are discussed.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1989

Effects of fibroblast growth factors on deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in rat parietal bone cells.

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and basic FGF (bFGF) are related molecules that are extractable from bone matrix and may be important in the maintenance of normal bone physiology. The influence of each agent on DNA and protein synthesis was studied using bone-derived primary cell cultures. Both forms of FGF were relatively more mitogenic for bone cell populations with fewer osteoblastic (Ob) characteristics than for Ob-enriched cultures. However, in the Ob cultures, bFGF was intrinsically 10-fold more stimulatory than aFGF, whereas heparin enhanced the mitotic response only to aFGF. An optimal dose of either aFGF or bFGF (100 ng/ml) decreased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased the rate of noncollagen and collagen protein synthesis in Ob cultures. The stimulatory effect was relatively greater on noncollagen than on collagen synthesis, which resulted in a decrease in percent collagen synthesis. Neither factor altered the rate of collagen degradation. Furthermore, hydroxyurea diminished, but did not prevent, the stimulatory effect of each factor on rates of protein synthesis. In contrast, polyacrylamide gel analysis of newly synthesized protein and Northern blot analysis of steady state alpha 1 type I procollagen mRNA indicated differential effects by each agent on procollagen synthesis and processing. These studies suggest that the FGFs may produce their effects on Ob cells through both shared and disparate mechanisms, with the net result being a decrease in the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the left parietal bone--case report.

A 14-year-old female presented with a hard, painless mass, 5 x 5 cm, in the left parietal region. Skull x-rays showed a radiolucent skull tumor with a sclerotic margin in the parietal region. Computed tomography revealed an intradiploic multilocular mass separated by bony trabeculae. The outer table had thinned and protruded outward. The inner table was also thin and protruded inward slightly. External carotid angiography revealed a faint tumor stain and feeding from the middle meningeal artery. Bone scintigraphy revealed abnormal uptake in the lesion. Total removal of the skull tumor and cranioplasty were performed. The histological diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia. Fibrous dysplasia within the cranial vault is often expressed as painless bulging without neurological symptoms. Surgery is recommended when neurological symptoms and/or cosmetic problems are present. Histological confirmation of the diagnosis is also important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cleidocranial dysplasia with severe parietal bone dysplasia: C-terminal RUNX2 mutations.

BACKGROUND: Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal-dominant skeletal dysplasia syndrome that is characterized by widely patent calvarial sutures, clavicular hypoplasia, supernumerary teeth, and short stature. CCD is caused by mutations in the transcription factor RUNX2, which is known to function as a major regulator of bone differentiation. Despite the characterization of 67 unique mutations in 97 individual cases, and the availability of animal models, no obvious genotype-phenotype correlation has emerged. METHODS: We describe 3 new cases that were ascertained on the basis of a severe calvarial phenotype, that were associated with 3 novel mutations in the C-terminal region of RUNX2 distal to the DNA-binding runt domain. In addition, a review of all previously described cases was undertaken in an effort to standardize mutation nomenclature, characterize the position of known mutations relative to the runt domain, and explore the hypothesis that C-terminal mutations that preserve the runt domain may lead to more-severe craniofacial phenotypes. RESULTS: Upon mutational analysis of RUNX2, we identified either frameshift or splice-site mutations that affect the C-terminal region of the resultant protein distal to the runt domain. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of previously described mutations, these cases suggest that C-terminal mutations that preserve the DNA-binding runt domain while disrupting the SMAD 1,2,3,5 binding domain and the nuclear matrix targeting signal may be responsible for the severe phenotype observed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Aggressive eosinophilic granuloma of the parietal bone. An immunohystochemical study of Ki-67 expression.

Solitary eosinophilic granuloma (EG) of the skull is a rare lesion, the natural history of which is still to be defined. We report a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with progressive headache and nausea accompanied by a painful firm mass in her left parietal region, which grew very rapidly during the last two weeks before admission. Computed tomography scan showed an osteolytic lesion, which on magnetic resonance imaging appeared hyperintense on both T1- and T2-weighted images, with marked and heterogeneous enhancement after gadolinium administration. Total surgical excision of the lesion was performed and histopathological diagnosis was compatible with eosinophilic granuloma. Immuno-histochemical study of Ki-67 antigen expression was also performed with a labelling index of 10%. In a review of the pertinent literature, we found one case report showing a Ki-67 labelling index of 6.2% in a patient harboring EG of the occipital bone. These two relatively high percentages of proliferative activity suggest a role of local Langerhans'cell proliferation, along with that of inflammatory response, in the aggressive clinical course and rapid expansion observed in some rare cases of solitary eosinophilic granuloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Origin and fixation of pyrophosphates in the parietal bones of young rats].

Calvaria from 6 to 13-day-old rats mineralize and bind pyrophosphates which are transferred from nucleotides, as shown by : 1 -- the increase of pyrophosphates in young rat calvaria incubated with nucleoside triphosphate, especially ATP ; 2 -- the more important increase of pyrophosphate content when ATP is renewed in the incubation medium ; and 3 -- binding of [32P] pyrophosphate [beta 32P] ATP. The effect of preheating of calvaria on 32P binding from [beta32P]ATP led us to assume that two systems might be involved in pyrophosphate fixation : a heat-labile, non-specific, phosphatase system, and a heat-stable pyrophosphotransferase system. cAMP increases the pyrophosphate content of calvaria incubated with ATP : that effect may result from either an inhibition of the phosphatase system, or an activation of the pyrophosphotransferase system.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗