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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Anaglyphic three-dimensional stereoscopic printing: revival of an old method for anatomical and surgical teaching and reporting.

The authors describe how to use the three-dimensional (3D) anaglyphic method to produce stereoscopic prints for anatomical and surgical teaching and reports preparation by using currently available nonprofessional photographic and computer methods. As with any other method of producing stereoscopic images, the anaglyphic procedure is based on the superimposition of two slightly different images of the object to be reproduced, one seen more from a left-sided point of view and the other seen more from a right-sided point of view. The pictures are obtained using a single camera, which following the first shot can be slid along a special bar for the second shot, or by using two cameras affixed to a surgical microscope. After the images have been distinguished from each other by applying different complementary color dyes, the images are scanned and superimposed on each other with the aid of nonprofessional imaging-manipulation software used on a standard personal computer (PC), and are printed using a standard printer. To be seen stereoscopically, glasses with colored lenses, normally one red and one blue, have to be used. Stereoscopic 3D anaglyphic prints can be produced using standard photographic and PC equipment; after some training, the prints can be easily reproduced without significant cost and are particularly helpful to disclose the 3D character of anatomical structures.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

Studying the consequences of literacy within a literate society: the cognitive correlates of print exposure.

Most studies of the cognitive consequences of literacy have attempted to compare the performance of literate individuals with that of illiterate individuals. We argue that it is not absolutely necessary to examine illiterates in order to study the cognitive consequences of reading experience because there is enormous variation in exposure to print even within a generally literate society. In the present study, we tested several methods of assessing differential exposure to print and demonstrated that all have significant correlations with measures of vocabulary, cultural knowledge, spelling ability, and verbal fluency. Several indicators of print exposure predicted variance in these knowledge domains even when general ability and reading-comprehension skill were statistically controlled. Our results, although correlational, suggest that print exposure is an independent contributor to the development of certain verbal skills.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1999

A position-sensitive Stroop effect: further evidence for a left-to-right component in print-to-speech conversion.

In the classical Stroop effect, response times for naming the color in which a word is printed are affected by the presence of semantic, phonological, or orthographic relationships between the stimulus word and the response word. We show that color naming responses are faster when the printed word shares a phoneme with the color name to be produced than when it does not, in conditions where there is no semantic relationship between the printed word and the color name. This result is compatible with a variety of computational models of reading. However, we also found that these effects are much larger when it is the first phoneme that the stimulus and response share than when it is the last. Our data are incompatible with computational models of reading in which the computation of phonology from print is purely parallel. The dual route cascaded model computational model of reading, which has a lexical route that operates in parallel and a nonlexical route that operates serially letter by letter, successfully simulates this position-sensitive Stroop effect. The model also successfully simulates the "onset effect" in masked priming (Forster & Davis, 1991) and the interaction between the regularity effect and the position in a word of a grapheme-phoneme irregularity (Rastle & Coltheart, 1999b)--effects which, we argue, arise for the same reason as the position-sensitive Stroop effect we report.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

[Information the family physician gives his patients to take home. Utilization, contents and origin of printed information].

Providing the patient with information is one of the most important tasks of the family doctor, both for legal and medical reasons. Apart from verbal information, a wealth of printed material is also available. In a survey of 62 randomly selected general practices, the volume and nature of such information material was investigated, and its importance in practice established by means of an interview. 88.7% of the doctors interviewed stated that they handed out printed matter every day, and 96.8% considered the availability of such information to be an important aid in their daily work. Most of the printed information dealt with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and 93.5% of the material was supplied by the pharmaceutical industry. This means that other institutions which have a task to inform patients are virtually not represented in the doctor's office. Printed material providing health-promoting information, for example, on such topics as smoking, AIDS, exercise, healthy eating and suchlike, were lacking. The data point to an urgent need for additional information material in the doctor's office.

Family Practice↗
PubMed2002

Screen-printing ink transfer in a sexual assault case.

Yellow plastic-like particles were discovered on the clothing and body of a sexual assault victim. These particles were later associated to an athletic jersey with flaking yellow screen-printed numbers and letters, worn by the suspect. Depending on its intended substrate, screen-print ink can vary in color and composition. Particles dislodged from screen-printed garments may exhibit fabric impressions. Screen-printed clothing, commonly encountered in forensic casework, should be viewed as a potential source of trace evidence.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The current status of lip prints and their use for identification.

The use of lip prints for human identification was first suggested in 1950 and research was carried out on lip prints in the 1960s and early 1970s, resuming in the last few years. Although lip print identification has been utilized in court in isolated cases more research needs to be conducted in this field with regard to confirmation of uniqueness, and the collection and interpretation of evidence. Lip print identification needs to be acceptable in court as scientifically evidence based.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2002

[Study on the electrophoresis finger-prints of three groups of traditional Chinese drugs].

OBJECTIVE: To identify three groups of traditional Chinese drugs by electrophoresis finger-prints. METHODS: The 3 groups of drugs of different species or varieties were analyzed by protein, peroxidase(POD) isozyme and esterase (ES) isozyme polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. And their finger-prints were established. RESULTS: Not less than one kind of electrophoresis finger-prints has significant difference between the drugs of each group, which can be used to distinguish all the species in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Different species even different varieties of traditional Chinese drugs can be identified accurately with proper electrophoresis finger-prints.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed2003

The forensic analysis of thermal transfer printing.

Thermal transfer printing refers to printing processes that utilize heat to produce an image by either physical or chemical means or by a combination of both. As the technology has improved and the supplies have become less expensive, the use of thermal printing in the personal and business markets has increased significantly. Specifically, dye diffusion thermal transfer and thermal mass transfer have become predominant in the production of counterfeit credit cards, drivers' licenses, and other types of documents produced on plastic media. Chemical analysis by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) has proven to be useful in characterizing various types of inks (e.g., writing and inkjet inks). In this study, the authors examined 81 different samples that included a total of 54 printer samples (43 photographic prints on paper and eleven plastic card samples) and 27 printer ribbons. A new TLC method was developed and tested utilizing a solvent system (80% n-hexane, 3% methyl ethyl ketone, and 17% ethyl acetate) that is capable of producing excellent resolution.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Rheumatic disease differentiation using immunoglobulin G sugar printing by high density electrophoresis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether immunoglobulin G (IgG) sugar printing using high density electrophoresis can be a diagnostic and prognostic test to rapidly differentiate early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and other rheumatic diseases from each other. METHODS: One hundred fifty-three patients with ERA/RA, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), early psoriatic arthritis (EPsA) ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), early undifferentiated seronegative arthritis (UA), and osteoarthritis (OA) were investigated. Samples of their serum IgG were purified, and sugars were released enzymatically and fluorophore-labelled, then subjected to high density electrophoresis, and relative quantities of each sugar were determined by optical density. RESULTS: Sugar prints of 9 sugars were compiled for each of the 9 disease groups. Specific disease-associated sugar changes were determined by comparison with OA. For example, agalactosylated structures were increased in ERA/RA and EPsA/PsA (p = 0.0001-0.004) and digalactosylated structures were decreased in PsA, AS, and JIA (p = 0.0001-0.04). When the disease groups were compared, each disease was characterized by a unique sugar print comprising 7 of the 9 sugars (p = 0.001-0.005); only g0fb and a1f were not associated. ERA/RA differed in the quantities of monogalactosyl and sialylated sugars (p = 0.006-0.007). The presence of agalactosyl sugars enabled correct prediction of RA in 71.2% of individuals, with a specificity of 84.2% and sensitivity of 50.0%. The area under the sensitivity versus specificity curve was 0.7812. CONCLUSION: IgG sugar printing was found to be effective in differentiation of rheumatic diseases and can differentiate ERA and RA from each other and from other rheumatic diseases; and hence may constitute a relatively rapid diagnostic and prognostic test for patients presenting with arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Medical faculty's use of print and electronic journals: changes over time and in comparison with scientists.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives are to determine how medical faculty members use scholarly journals, whether print or electronic journals are read more, whether there is a pattern among types of users, and what similarities and differences there are between the use of journals by medical faculty and faculty in other disciplines. METHODS: Medical faculty of the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) multi-campus system were surveyed, and their responses estimated using critical incident technique to characterize the different aspects of their use of print and electronic journals. RESULTS: Medical faculty read a great deal, especially compared to scientists. The most frequently reported principal purpose of reading is to support their primary research (30% of reading). The majority of reading comes from recently published articles, mostly from personal subscriptions. Medical faculty continue to rely on print journals (approximately 70% of readings) versus electronic journals. Age of faculty does not appear to influence the choice of print or electronic format. Medical faculty read more articles than others on average and need information digested and verified in a way to save them time. Convenience and currency are highly valued attributes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be asserted that librarians and publishers must find ways to provide the attributes of convenience and currency and match the portability of personal subscriptions in an electronic journal format for medical faculty.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

An assessment of printed oral cancer materials from local health departments in Illinois.

Local health departments can be resources for the public and health professionals to access educational materials on a variety of topics. Though the dental office is ideal, it should not be the only venue for obtaining oral cancer educational materials. As part of a cancer prevention and early detection project, this pilot study solicited printed educational materials concerning oral cancer from all local health departments (LHDs) in Illinois. Sixty of the 94 health departments responded, for a response rate of 63.8%. Only 32 had printed oral cancer educational materials for public and professional distribution, and most focused on tobacco. Forty-eight different samples were received. At least one risk factor was identified in all materials. The most common was tobacco usage, present in 100% of the materials. Twenty-nine (61%) identified tobacco use as the only risk factor. Alcohol consumption, the second most frequently identified risk factor, was mentioned in only 12 (26%) of the materials. Few materials comprehensively covered areas such as signs and symptoms, risk factors, and the importance of examinations for early detection. Only five materials (11%) acknowledged that early lesions are often asymptomatic. Local health departments are in an influential position to disseminate educational materials to the public and health professionals. Dental hygienists have the knowledge and expertise required to identify quality materials. They should be proactive in assisting LHDs with acquisition of appropriate printed materials and partner with them to advocate for prevention and early detection of oral cancer. In collaboration, the two can ensure that all LHDs have current and comprehensive printed materials about oral cancer to distribute to the public and other health professionals.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMed1981

An experimental study of the feasibility of substituting Chemical Abstracts on-line for the printed copy in a medium-sized medical library.

The reference staff of the Washington University School of Medicine Library, in an attempt to consider an alternative way of providing the information contained in the printed Chemical Abstracts, designed a study to examine whether the on-line version of Chemical Abstracts could be substituted for the hard copy. For a thirteen-week period, all patrons using the printed index were offered a free computer search of Chemical Abstracts in exchange for evaluating the searches. Only 39.6% of those offered a free search chose to do so. Of these patrons, 62% still planned to refer to the abstracts later, which are only available in the printed index. The hypothesis that the on-line version could be substituted for the printed index was not confirmed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

The ratios of area of foot print to area of foot outline and diabetic sole ulcer formation.

The ratio of area of foot print to area of foot outline for each foot was studied in 50 normal and 70 diabetic subjects. The diabetic group was divided into 2 groups: 44 patients without and 26 patients with sole ulcers. The chief aim was to find a ratio that could predict ulcer formation. One hundred feet in the normal subjects had a mean ratio of 0.621 with a range of 0.51-0.72. The 88 non-ulcerated feet in the diabetic patients had a mean ratio of 0.611 with a range of 0.49-0.70. The difference was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). Thirty-two ulcerated feet in the 26 diabetic patients had a mean ratio of 0.580 with a range of 0.47-0.68. The difference between the ulcer and the non-ulcer group was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Twenty non-ulcerated feet in 20 diabetic patients with unilateral involvement had a mean ratio of 0.60 with a range of 0.50-0.69. The difference between the ulcerated and non ulcerated feet in these 20 unilateral involved patients was also statistically significant (p < 0.01). The sole ulcers in our study were distributed mainly beneath the metatarsal heads and calcaneum. Analysis of the foot prints revealed multiple dark print areas. They were at the locations corresponding to the above bony prominences. As these bony prominences were high pressure points, the dark print areas could serve as crude indicators of excessive pressure. The diabetic ulcer group had smaller mean ratio and the reduction of the contact area could contribute to the formation of sole ulcers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Postoperative radiographs or thermal prints after internal fixation of fractures? A study of DHS fixation of hip fractures.

Immediate postoperative radiographs confirm the quality of reduction and fixation of fractures. This information is already available from the image intensifier and can be saved as hard copy thermal prints. If thermal prints give the surgeon the necessary patient and clinical information them immediate postoperative radiography should not be required. In this retrospective study of 20 hip fractures treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation, plain radiographs and thermal prints were compared for the patient and clinical information they contained. Thermal prints were found to be deficient in some areas but, nevertheless, can potentially replace postoperative radiographs in many orthopaedic procedures saving time, money and radiation exposure.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Tissue printed cells from teleost electrosensory and cerebellar structures.

A modification of the tissue printing technique was used to acutely isolate and culture cells from the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL), corpus cerebelli (CCb), and eminentia granularis pars posterior (EGp) of the adult weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus. Cells were isolated without the use of proteolytic enzymes and tissue printed as a monolayer onto glass coverslips through centrifugation in the presence of a medium designed to preserve cell structure. Tissue printed cells were reliably distributed in an organotypic fashion that allowed for the identification of anatomical boundaries between the ELL and cerebellar regions, distinct sensory maps in the ELL, and specific cell laminae. Many cells were isolated with an excellent preservation of soma-dendritic structure, permitting direct identification of all electrosensory cell classes according to morphological or immunocytochemical criteria. Several classes of glial cells were isolated, including small diameter microglia and the complex arborizations of oligodendrocytes. A plexus of fine processes were often isolated in conjunction with cell somata and dendrites, potentially preserving synaptic contacts in vitro. In particular, immunolabel for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) revealed a previously unrecognized network of GABAergic axonal processes in the CCb and EGp granule cell body and molecular layers. Tissue printed cells were readily maintained with an organotypic distribution of glial and neuronal elements for up to 27 days in culture. This procedure will allow for the isolation of electrosensory cells from adult central nervous system for electrophysiological analyses of membrane properties or synaptic interactions between identified cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Malignant melanoma in the printing industry.

In an occupational mortality surveillance study, cause-specific mortality patterns by occupation and industry, among Rhode Island residents who died during the period 1968-78, were examined using the age-standardized proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) method. A noteworthy finding was an elevated PMR for malignant melanoma among white males in the printing industry (PMR = 460, observed deaths = 6, p less than .01). When the results of other epidemiologic studies are reviewed in aggregate, they are consistent with this finding. A wide variety of chemicals, some of which are known or suspected human or animal carcinogens, are used in the printing industry. There is also potential exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The hypothesis of a relationship between malignant melanoma and occupational exposures in the printing industry should be investigated further.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of colour images printed by a thermal dye diffusion process.

Dry printing of medical images, without photochemicals, may be based on the principle of thermal dye diffusion. The Drystar (Agfa Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium) system was evaluated in colour-coded Doppler examinations of the carotid arteries. A total of 25 consecutive patients were examined for the colour test and 37 patients for the black-and-white test. Colour and black-and-white data were available on the same view. The performances of the Drystar were tested against against laser films, matrix films and two types of glossy paper using the following criteria: grey scale, colour scale, quality of reproduction of vascular colouring, registration, endothelial layer, intraluminal echogenicity, spectral resolution, and artefacts. The overall handiness of the document was graded. A significant difference (p = 0.00005) was noted in favour of the Drystar concerning registration, grey scale, spectral resolution and vascular colouring. The global score for handiness of the colour film was 96%. Radiologists preferred the colour hard copy as compared with glossy paper prints. As in the black-and-white test, blue-base and clear-base films obtained with the Drystar were rated inferior to laser films, a double line print mode was included in the printer, giving a density of 2.3 OD.

Angiography↗
PubMed2005

Recent advances in microcontact printing.

Microcontact printing is a remarkable surface patterning technique. Developed about 10 years ago, it has triggered enormous interest from the surface science community, as well as from engineers and biologists. The last five years have been rich in improvements to the microcontact printing process itself, as well as in new technical innovations, many designed to suit new applications. In this review, we describe the evolution of microcontact printing over the past five years. The review is categorized into three main sections: the improvements made to the technique, new variations, and new applications.

Biology↗