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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Experimental study of the osteogenic capacity of periosteal allografts: a preliminary report.

A total of 16 rabbits were used in this investigation. Beijing long-eared white rabbits served as donors and immunologically incompatible Chinchilla rabbits as recipients. Periosteal flaps were stripped from the femurs of 8 donor rabbits and implanted into the muscles of both thighs of 8 recipients. Revascularization of the grafts was done only on the left side. Immunosuppressants were administered orally beginning the day of surgery. The animals were observed for 1-4 months. A series of radiography, histomorphology, fluorochrome labelling, and electron microscopic examinations were performed. The results demonstrated that all of the revascularized periosteal allografts had new bone formation (8/8), while the nonrevascularized periosteal allografts had none (0/8). The difference in the rate of new bone formation between the two groups was statistically significant.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Use of revascularized periosteal allografts for repairing bony defects: an experimental study.

This is an experimental study on the potential of revascularized periosteal allografts for repair of bony defects. Beijing long-eared white rabbits were used as donors and immunologically incompatible Chinchilla rabbits were used as recipients. The periosteum was stripped off from the femurs of the 6 donor rabbits and transplanted to bony defects of 1.2 cm over the radius of the 12 recipients using microsurgical anastomoses of the blood vessels. In the control group of 8 rabbits the same radial bony defects were produced without the transplantation of periosteal grafts. Immunosuppressants were administered after surgery. The animals were observed for 4 months using a series of radiography, histomorphology, fluorochrome labelling and electron microscopy. Results revealed no bony healing of the defects in the control group, but 9 of the 12 defects healed in the experimental group. The results indicated revascularized periosteal allografts were able to form new bone and heal the 1.2 cm radial bone defect in rabbits.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2005

Spiculated periosteal response induced by intraosseous injection of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells resembles subset of bone metastases in prostate cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer bone metastasis is distinguished by the predominance of osteoblastic lesions. This phenotype has been difficult to reproduce in animal models. Here, we describe a model utilizing the 22Rv1 human prostate cancer cell line that generates osteolytic lesions and a prominent spiculated periosteal osteoblastic response following intraosseous injection in scid mice. METHODS: We injected 22Rv1-luciferase prostate cancer cells directly into the tibiae of C.B-17 scid mice. We analyzed tumor growth and pathology every 2 weeks using radiographic and histologic techniques. RESULTS: X-ray analysis revealed that 22Rv1 tumors elicit a mixed-type lesion including some osteolysis and a robust induction of periosteal bone formation, in contrast to PC3M-luciferase intraosseous tumors which induce only extensive osteolysis. Micro-computerized tomographic imaging shows that 22Rv1 tumors exhibit both osteolytic and osteoblastic features which become apparent between 4 and 6 weeks post injection. There is initial disruption of the cortex and corresponding invasion of the periosteum which is associated with a vigorous osteoblastic response. Histological analysis of late stage tumors shows that the tumor has grown outside of the medullary cavity and surrounds the tibia underneath the periosteum and intermixed with spicules of woven bone which is detected in the radiographic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overall pattern of this model is suggestive of clinical cases of prostate cancer metastasis in which periosteal responses are noted, often in association with rapidly progressive disease. We expect that intraosseous injection of 22Rv1 cells will provide a new experimental model for the study of osteoblastic prostate cancer metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

In vitro differentiation potential of the periosteal cells from a membrane bone, the quadratojugal of the embryonic chick.

The quadratojugal (QJ) is a neural crest-derived membrane bone in the maxillary region of the avian head. In vivo its periosteum undergoes both osteogenesis to form membrane bone and chondrogenesis to form secondary cartilage. This bipotential property, which also exists in some other membrane bones, is poorly understood. The present study used cell culture to investigate the differentiation potential of QJ periosteal cells. Three cell populations were enzymatically released from QJ periostea and plated at different densities. Cell density greatly affected phenotypic expression and differentiation pathways. We found two culture conditions that favored osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, respectively. In micromass culture, the periosteal cells produced a layer of osteogenic cells that expressed alkaline phosphatase (APase) and secreted bony extracellular matrix (ECM). In contrast, low-density monolayer culture elicited chondrogenesis. Cells with pericellular refractile ECM and round shape appeared at 7 to 8 days and formed colonies later. The chondrogenic phenotype of these cells was confirmed by immunolocalization of type II collagen and Alcian blue staining of ECM. This result demonstrated that a fully expressed chondrogenic phenotype can be achieved from membrane bone periosteal cells in primary monolayer culture. Chondrogenesis requires a cell density lower than confluence and cannot be initiated in confluent cultures. Among the three cell populations, those cells from the outer layer have the highest growth rate and require the lowest initial plating density (below 5 x 10(3) cells/ml) to achieve chondrogenesis. Cells from the inner layer have the slowest growth rate and chondrify at the highest initial density (below 5 x 10(4) cells/ml). Chondrocytes from all populations express distinct phenotypic markers-APase and type I collagen-from initial chondrogenesis, but are not hypertrophic morphologically. Furthermore, the fact that chondrocytes arise within the same colony as APase-positive polygonal cells suggests that chondrocytes may differentiate from precursors related to the osteogenic cell lineage. This cell culture approach mimics secondary cartilage and membrane bone formation in vivo.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Free periosteal grafts in tracheal reconstruction: an experimental study.

If resection followed by end-to-end anastomosis is not possible in obstructive lesions of the trachea other methods of reconstruction must be used. The ability of a periosteal graft to induce bone or cartilage formation when transplanted to cover a tracheal defect was confirmed in a previous experimental study. In this study free tibial periosteal grafts were used for repair of tracheal defects created in rabbits. The graft was placed circumferentially around the trachea. It is concluded that there is a high risk of development of severe osseous tracheal stenosis when periosteal grafts are placed circumferentially around the trachea.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Case report 864. Elliptical, multicentric periosteal osteoid osteoma.

An extremely rare case of multicentric periosteal osteoid osteoma in a child was presented. The lesions were found to be embedded in a narrow elliptical strip, suggesting the possibility that lesional tissue was stretched in a longitudinal fashion as a result of the rapid skeletal growth. In young patients with stretched periosteal reaction who complain of pain, multicentric osteoid osteoma should be suspected. These nidi can be obscured by the exuberant periosteal reaction. Accurate evaluation of the radiographic findings is very important.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1984

Periosteal new bone in uraemic osteodystrophy.

Out of 54 patients requiring haemodialysis approximately one quarter were found to have periosteal new bone associated with severe renal osteodystrophy. This feature has been analysed and correlated with biochemical, clinical, and histological parameters. No direct correlation was found with the duration of haemodialysis, but there is a good correlation with histological indices of osteitis fibrosa and serum parathormone levels. Periosteal new bone regressed or totally disappeared in eight patients after parathyroidectomy and renal transplantation. It is suggested that periosteal new bone may be a useful indicator of hyperparathyroidism in this type of patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Periosteal flaps: anatomical bases of sites of elevation.

An anatomical study made in 25 injected fresh subjects made it possible to map out the periosteal flaps capable of being raised on the limbs. The preferred donor sites are the distal third of the humerus, the iliac fossa and the distal third of the femur. At the last 2 sites composite osteo-periosteal or musculo-osteo-periosteal flaps can be raised. These technical possibilities illustrate the importance of experimental studies which have shown the osteogenic capacity of grafts of vascularized periosteum.

Femur↗
PubMed1984

Effect of cortisol on periosteal and nonperiosteal collagen and DNA synthesis in cultured rat calvariae.

The effects of cortisol on bone formation are complex and may be modulated by the presence of periosteal cells or by factors released by the periosteal tissue. To test these possibilities, cortisol was examined for its effects on the incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP), on DNA synthesis and on alkaline phosphatase activity in intact and in the periosteum and nonperiosteal bone of dissected calvariae from 21-day-old fetal rats. After 24 h of treatment, cortisol increased the incorporation of 3H-proline into CDP in intact bones and in the nonperiosteal bone of calvariae dissected after the culture. Cortisol inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into calvarial DNA but it caused a small increase in nonperiosteal DNA content. Cortisol did not affect the incorporation of 3H-proline into CDP in calvariae dissected prior to the culture if the periosteum and nonperiosteal central bone were incubated separately; the stimulatory effect was observed only if the two tissues were cultured in the same vial and were in contact. In contrast, cortisol stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in the central nonperiosteal bone of calvariae dissected before or after the culture. After 72-96 h of treatment, cortisol inhibited the labeling of CDP, NCP, and DNA and the DNA content in intact bones and in both periosteal and nonperiosteal central bone of calvariae dissected after the culture. In contrast, when the periosteum was removed before the incubation, these inhibitory effects were observed in the periosteum and not in the nonperiosteal bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Calcitonin simultaneously regulates both periosteal hyperostosis and trabecular osteopenia in the spinal hyperostotic mouse (twy/twy) in vivo.

The twy (tiptoe-walking-Yoshimura) mouse, established in Japan in 1978 by brother-sister mating of ICR strain mice, is a valuable mutant as a model of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). OPLL causes severe myelopathy and has been thought to be very similar to ankylosing spinal hyperostosis (ASH) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). In the twy mouse, both an increase in vertebral cortical membranous bone formation and a decrease in trabecular bone mass due to accelerated bone resorption occur simultaneously. This process is attributed to an inherited autosomal recessive single gene (twy). Calcitonin's suppression of bone resorption has been well established in the past, whereas the effects of this hormone on bone formation remain to be defined. Of particular interest is the simultaneous action of calcitonin on the abnormally accelerated bone formation and resorption. Thirty twy mice and 14 ICR mice were divided into seven groups, and changes induced by calcitonin on vertebral cortical appositional rate and on trabecular bone mass were investigated histomorphometrically. Results were (1) osteoclastic activity on trabecular surface was clearly suppressed by chicken calcitonin injected subcutaneously for 4 weeks; (2) no significant difference between the lumbar vertebral periosteal bone formation of calcitonin (CA) and vehicle-administrated twy mice groups. However, on the periosteal surface of the cervical vertebrae of the 6-week-old twy mice, the abnormally accelerated bone formation was suppressed by CA administration. This was also true for the elderly twy mice, although the effect was less pronounced. In conclusion, CA suppressed the abnormally hyperactivated periosteal bone formation. Results also suggested a possible therapeutic value of CA for OPLL.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Concurrent enchondroma and periosteal chondroma of the humerus mimicking chondrosarcoma.

A case of concurrent enchondroma and periosteal chondroma of the right proximal humerus in a 19-year-old woman is reported. Radiographs and CT scans showed a periosteal lesion with saucerization and spicula-like mineralization of the lateral aspect of the right proximal humerus and an ill-defined irregular lucency with stippled calcifications of the medullary cavity adjacent to it. MRI showed a long intramedullary lesion in addition to the surface lesion. There was no cortical disruption by imaging and gross examination. Histologically, both lesions showed benign cartilaginous tumors; concurrent enchondroma and periosteal chondroma of the humerus was therefore diagnosed. This combination in the same bone in a patient without enchondromatosis is exceedingly rare. Radiographic features may be confused with chondrosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Radiological features of 24 periosteal chondrosarcomas.

OBJECTIVE: To report the imaging findings of 24 periosteal chondrosarcomas diagnosed, staged, treated and followed in a single institution, to analyze and define their pattern, and discuss their practical consequences. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Plain films, 16 CT examinations and four MRI examinations were reviewed, and compared with the histological evaluation. RESULTS: There were 20 men and four women, aged from 17 to 65 years. Twelve lesions involved the distal femoral metaphyses (8 posteriorly), five the proximal humerus, two the proximal metaphyses of the femur and two of the tibia, two the humeral shafts and one the iliac wing. Size varied from 4 to 11 cm. The cortex was always involved (thick, 15; thin, 13). Typical cartilaginous calcifications and cartilaginous lobules were very frequent. Radial thick periosteal bone formations (n = 6) indicated calcifications between the lobules of cartilage. Medullary involvement was rare (n = 2). All patients are alive and free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing periosteal chondrosarcoma is of paramount importance because the prognosis is excellent after adequate local surgery alone. The patterns of other surface tumors of bone are usually different.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Diagnostic imaging of tibial periosteal ganglion.

A case of a soft tissue tumor situated in the anterior surface of the proximal end of the tibia in an adult patient is demonstrated by conventional radiographs, CT, and MRI. The lesion was well defined with respect to the adjacent soft tissue. The CT exam showed a soft tissue mass with external cortical erosion and thick spicules by periosteal reaction. On T1-weighted images the mass was homogeneous and of low signal intensity, whereas on T2-weighted images it showed a high signal intensity, with some septa in the mass. The differential considerations include a periosteal chondroma, a lipoma, a subperiosteal hematoma, an inflammatory process, a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, and a parosteal osteosarcoma. The CT and MR features of these entities are reviewed as an aid in differential diagnosis of the periosteal ganglion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Psoriatic onycho-pachydermo- periostitis].

We report about a patient with a 2 year history of palmo-plantar psoriasis and psoriatic involvement of the nails. Within six months he developed a psoriatic onychodystrophy and painful swellings of the toes and fingers. X-rays revealed acral lamellar periostitis. The case of this patient represents a rare variety of psoriatic arthritis: The psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis. After a 6 week therapy with methotrexate (15mg per week) the nails began to grow regularly. Therefore, in cases of psoriasis with unusual symptoms of psoriatic arthritis the psoriatic onycho-pachydermo-periostitis should be included in differential diagnosis and therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Periosteal ganglion in a child.

A case of periosteal ganglion in a 10-year-old boy is reported. The diagnosis of periosteal ganglion was made on roentgenographic and MR appearance and histologic evidence. The patient was successfully treated by excision. The follow-up examination showed no recurrence. Periosteal ganglia must be considered a cause of expanding cortical erosions. This lesion may mimic other peripheral expanding lesions.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed2001

Periosteal Ewing's sarcoma: radiological imaging and histological features.

Periosteal Ewing's sarcoma is very rare. In this report, we describe three cases of periosteal Ewing's sarcoma, illustrating the principal clinical, radiographic, and histologic features. The patients were aged 15, 16, and 20 years old, with an average of 17 years. The tumor occurred in the humerus in two and in the femur in one. Plain radiography showed a laminated periosteal reaction with a Codman's triangle over a subperiosteal soft-tissue mass or saucerization. The unusual site of Ewing's sarcoma was clearly visualized by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and confirmed by histological examination. Chemotherapy and/or irradiation was employed before and after wide excision. The patients have survived an average of 6 years after the primary surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effects of hyaluronan on periosteal grafts for large full-thickness defects in rabbit articular cartilage.

We studied the effects of hyaluronan (HA) on chondrogenesis in periosteal grafts in rabbit knees to elucidate the effects of this agent in the repair of articular cartilage. Large full-thickness defects of the articular cartilage were created in the anteromedial part of the femoral articular surface of bilateral knee joints. Periosteal grafts were then harvested and sutured onto the defects. HA was injected in the right knee immediately after the operation and then once a week for 4 weeks (HA group). The same volume of saline was injected in the left knee in the control group. The animals were killed 2, 5, 8, and 12 weeks after the operation. Macroscopic and histological findings of the regenerated tissue were evaluated with a semiquantitative histological grading system. The total histological scores of the HA group were better than those in the control group at each time examination point. At 12 weeks, in particular, the scores for surface regularity and integration to adjacent articular cartilage were significantly better in the HA group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in regard to the area healed (%). HA may have beneficial effects on the repair of large full-thickness defects of the articular cartilage with autologous periosteal grafts.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1991

Recurrences of oral cancer due to discontinuous periosteal involvement.

In order to determine whether an in-transit metastasis on the lingual periosteum might be a cause for recurrences of oral cancer, a retrospective review of 576 surgically treated patients was undertaken. In two patients, a simultaneous discontinuous involvement of the periosteum was verified. In 91 patients, a local recurrence was found, and, in 19, it was explained by periosteal involvement. In these patients, the recurrent tumor was distinct in appearance: a submucosal mass attached to the lingual aspect of the mandible with or without a submandibular fistula. Osteolysis was visible on radiographs in some cases, although it was a late sign. The recurrences on the periosteum appeared later (11.9 months) than other recurrences (8.2 months). Almost half of tongue cancer recurrences (9 of 22) were due to periosteal involvement; this type of recurrence was less frequent at other sites. The presumed lymphatic pathway was confirmed by the results of perlingual lymphography, with the contrast material reaching the lingual aspect of the mandible after 60% of the injections. Both the clinical and experimental results of this study suggest that a pathway exists for discontinuous periosteal involvement from lower oral cavity cancer.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗