Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERIODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Bacteroides forsythus prtH genotype in periodontitis patients: occurrence and association with periodontal disease.

Bacteroides forsythus has been described as a periodontopathogen and its presence in the subgingival plaque can lead to periodontal disease. Recently, a cysteine protease designated as prtH was isolated and characterized from B. forsythus ATCC 43037. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and the association of the prtH gene of B. forsythus with periodontal disease. A total of 160 subgingival plaque samples were assayed with the polymerase chain reaction method using oligonucleotide primers targeting the prtH and the 16S rDNA genes of B. forsythus. Primers targeting the 16S rDNA gene of B. forsythus were used to determine the occurrence of the bacteria in the subgingival plaque samples at baseline. At baseline, B. forsythus was detected in 78 out of 86 (91%) diseased sites and 33 out of 74 (45%) healthy sites studied. Among the 86 diseased sites examined, 73 sites (85%) were colonized by the bacteria with the prtH genotype. In sites of the periodontally healthy, 7 out of 73 (10%) possessed B. forsythus with the prtH genotype. The results obtained suggested strong association of the prtH gene of B. forsythus with adult periodontitis. Although this bacterial species was detected from about half of the periodontally healthy samples, only a fraction of these subjects possess the bacteria strain with the prtH genetic subtype. We propose the use of the prtH gene as an alternative to the more widely used 16S rDNA gene of B. forsythus, for a more accurate determination of the prevalence of periodontal health and disease in epidemiological studies and clinical screening.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Accidentally induced periodontitis in primary dentition: longitudinal examinations of periodontal bacteria and clinical conditions.

Periodontitis is very rare in the primary dentition although it can be accidentally induced in young children. The purpose of this study was to describe a case of periodontitis in a 4-year-old child, which was accidentally induced by insertion of small plastic tubes into the dental cervix of the primary incisors during play, and to discuss the clinical, radiographic, and microbiological findings. Removal of the plastic tubes resulted in resolution of the periodontal condition. Prevotella nigrescens and Campylobacter rectus were detected in subgingival plaque samples from the affected teeth at every examination, whereas Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Bacteroides forsythus were never found during the two-year observation period. The clinical and microbiological results suggest that the type of periodontitis caused by such an incidence is not progressive, unlike other periodontal diseases such as prepubertal and juvenile periodontitis.

Accidents↗
PubMed1995

In vitro cleavage of serum complement protein C3: a comparison between patients with adult periodontitis and periodontally healthy persons.

This study tested the hypothesis that in vitro cleavage of C3 could be triggered with similar case in serum samples from patients with adult periodontitis (n = 26) as in samples from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 13). A lipoteichoic acid, a lipopolysaccharide and an aggregated IgG served as activators of complement. On the average, the periodontitis group generated significantly (p < 0.01) more C3d activation fragments than did the healthy group, as judged from rocket immunoelectrophoresis measurements. Cleavage of C4 and factor B were then assayed through immunoblotting, without prior purification of the sera. C4c fragments were seen in all activated samples, the healthy group causing significantly (p < 0.05) more C4 conversion than did the periodontitis group. Cleavage of factor B, taken as a measure of soluble amplification convertase formation, was about equal between the groups. We inferred therefore that the 2 groups produced comparable amounts of C3b. The results suggested, however, that periodontitis sera favour breakdown of the opsonin C3b, most likely by activating the regulatory proteins factor H and I. Lipoteichoic acid, causing moderate depletion of C4 and factor B, produced significantly (p < 0.01) more C3d fragments than the other two activators examined. It may be that complement activation is down-regulated in periodontitis sera, perhaps at the expense of adequate local opsonic function.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggest differences between geographically and racially distinct populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria as well as greater periodontal destruction associated with infection by highly leucotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The present study examined these hypotheses in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical, radiographical, and microbiological assessments were performed on 25 aggressive periodontitis and 178 chronic periodontitis patients including 71 males and 132 females, 15-69 years of age. RESULTS: The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis was similar to that of other South American populations. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its highly leucotoxic subgroup was higher in Brazilians. Highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans was more prevalent in aggressive periodontitis (chi2=27.83) and positively associated with deep pockets (>6 mm, chi2=18.26) and young age (<29 years, chi2=18.68). Greater mean attachment loss was found in subjects with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans than in subjects with minimally leucotoxic (p=0.0029) or subjects not infected (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis of differences between populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and of greater attachment loss in sites infected with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans. Detection of highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans in children and adolescents may be a useful marker for aggressive periodontitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age.

This longitudinal study of randomly selected Norwegian students and academicians has shown that 50% of the 17-year olds have lost no periodontal support, and the other 50% exhibited slight localized loss of attachment primarily on buccal surfaces of first molars and first bicuspids of both jaws. At 21 all students show one or more of these lesions as well as loss of attachment on interproximal surfaces. At 30 years of age the mean cumulative loss is still less than 1 mm. As they approach 40 years of age the mean individual loss of attachment is slightly above 1.5 mm or 10% of the total periodontal support, and the mean annual rate of attachment loss is 0.08 for interproximal surfaces and 0.1 mm for buccal surfaces. No case of juvenile periodontitis (periodontosis) or adult aggressive periodontitis were seen in this population. Seventy percent of the 15-year-old Sri Lankans have no or very little loss of periodontal support. However, approximately 30% exhibit localized lesions measuring between 2 and 9 mm and more than 1% have one or more root surfaces with 10 mm loss of attachment or more. In this age group the lesions occur at the interproximal and buccal aspects of lower central incisors and in first molars of both jaws. At 30 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 3.11 mm and approximately 25% of the tea laborers have lesions extending 10 mm or more below the cemento-enamel junction. As the Sri Lankan approaches 40 years of age the mean loss of attachment is 4.50 mm and the mean rate of progress of the lesion is 0.20 mm per year for buccal surfaces and 0.30 mm for interproximal surfaces. This study suggests that without interference the periodontal lesion progresses at a relatively even pace and that the progress is continuous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of gold salts on experimental periodontitis. I. Histometric evaluation of periodontal destruction.

Systemic administration of gold salts for treatment of arthritis is thought to limit tissue destruction through alteration of inflammatory cell function. The present study ascertained if gold salts could modify the tissue destruction associated with an experimental marginal periodontitis. Therapeutic levels of serum gold salts were established in four squirrel monkeys (experimental) by intramuscular injection of Myochrisine (gold sodium thiomalate 25 mg/ml) at 5 mg/kg/body weight at 4-day intervals for 12 days. Marginal periodontitis was then induced around mandibular bicuspids by tying plaque retentive ligatures at the gingival margins. Periodontitis was induced around corresponding teeth in four control animals which had not received gold salts. Serum levels of gold salts were maintained in experimental animals, and all animals were killed 2 weeks after induction of periodontitis. Progression of periodontitis was evaluated histometrically on step-serial sections, and the results analyzed statistically. Specimens from gold-receiving animals had significantly smaller areas of infiltrated supracrestal connective tissue, and less loss of connective tissue attachment and coronal alveolar bone. Quantitation of total plaque around the ligatures showed no differences; however, there was less plaque located apical to the ligatures in gold-receiving specimens. Although the study design did not permit identification of the relative importance of cellular or microbial factors, it was concluded that administration of systemic gold salts was associated with significantly less periodontal destruction.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antimicrobial periodontal treatment decreases serum C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not adiponectin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and decreased plasma adiponectin are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, recent observations suggested that adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) suppressed each other's production. Since periodontal disease has been suggested to act as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, we examined the effects of antimicrobial periodontal treatment on CRP, adiponectin, and TNF-alpha levels. METHODS: Fifteen chronic periodontitis patients with various systemic conditions at high risk for atherosclerosis were enrolled in the study. Patients were non-surgically treated with topical application of antibiotics and mechanical debridement of calculus once a week for 1 month. Before and after therapy, CRP, adiponectin, and TNF-alpha levels were measured. RESULTS: Both CRP and TNF-alpha levels were significantly decreased after treatment (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively), while adiponectin levels did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal treatment is effective in reducing CRP and TNF-alpha, while adiponectin does not appear to be influenced by periodontal treatment. Elevated levels of CRP and TNF-alpha may be associated with increased risk for future development of atherosclerosis in periodontitis patients.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2005

Systemic effects of periodontitis: epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease.

There have been 42 published studies describing associations between oral conditions and cardiovascular diseases. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, the 16 longitudinal studies represent the highest level of evidence available. However, two databases produced eight of the 16 studies. There also is extensive variability in definitions of the oral exposure that include salivary flow, reported periodontal disease, number of teeth, oral organisms, antibodies to oral organisms, Total Dental Index, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, plaque scores, probing depth, attachment loss, and bone level. Variability also exists in the cardiovascular outcomes that include atherosclerosis measures and events, such as hospitalization for coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic CHD, fatal CHD, total stroke, ischemic stroke, and revascularization procedures. One of the criticisms of this research is that the exposure has not been represented by measures of infection. To begin to address this concern, we present new data showing that patterns of high and low levels of eight periodontal pathogens and antibody levels against those organisms are related to clinical periodontal disease as well as other characteristics of the individuals, such as age, race, gender, diabetic status, atherosclerosis, and CHD. As others before us, we conclude that the cumulative evidence presented above supports, but does not prove, a causal association between periodontal infection and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or its sequelae. A number of legitimate concerns have arisen about the nature of the relationship and, indeed, the appropriate definitions for periodontal disease when it is thought to be an exposure for systemic diseases. There is still much work needed to identify which aspects of the exposure are related to which aspects of the outcome. Principal component analyses illustrate the complexity of the interactions among risk factors, exposures, and outcomes. These analyses provide an initial clustering that describes and suggests the presence of specific syndromes.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Periodontal tissues and sex hormones. Effects of sex hormones on metabolism of fibroblasts derived from periodontal ligament].

Sex hormones are closely related to the onset and progression of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sex hormones on the metabolism of human periodontal ligament cells. Human periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts were prepared from 7 donors with normal gingiva. 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company. The effects of sex hormones on cell morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, collagen synthesis and non-collagenous protein synthesis were investigated. The results were as follows: 1. Periodontal ligament cells showed osteoinductive-like cells in the cell morphology and alkaline phosphatase activity. 2. DNA synthesis was stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the presence of 5% fetal calf serum. 3. Collagen synthesis was inhibited by 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone, while non-collagenous protein synthesis was inhibited by 17 beta-estradiol and low concentrations of progesterone. 4. The addition of serum into culture medium was necessary to induce the basic metabolism of human periodontal ligament cells. It was demonstrated that sex hormones are closely related to the metabolism of human periodontal ligament cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

[A rapid diagnosis for periodontitis based on enzymatic activity of periodontopathic bacteria. Correlation between enzymatic activity, clinical periodontal parameters, and subgingival level of microorganisms].

There have been various laboratory methods for the microbiological diagnosis of periodontal disease. However, there have been some disadvantages in these methods. In this study of the application of a chair-side test for microbiological diagnosis, the activity of peptidases in periodontal pockets of patients was examined by using the assay system SK-013. SK-013 consists of synthetic substrates and is capable of rapidly (in 15 min) evaluating the activity of specific peptidase from Treponema denticola and Bacteroides species. Using SK-013, we evaluate the correlation between the enzymatic activity, clinical periodontal parameters and subgingival level of microorganisms, including phase contrast microscopy. We calculated the sensitivity and efficacy of SK-013 as a diagnostic indicator in the presence of Spirochetes and in periodontitis. A positive correlation were demonstrated between enzymatic activity, clinical periodontal parameters, the numbers of total cell count, Spirochetes, and M & S ratio. SK-013 was highly sensitive and efficacious (sensitivity: 92%, efficacy: 96%). We concluded that the assay system SK-013 is a useful chair-side method for diagnosing periodontal disease.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed2006

[Quantitative analysis of periodontal pathogens in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Japanese population].

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the relative/absolute numbers of periodontal bacteria and different types of periodontitis. Fifteen patients with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP), 25 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and 28 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) were included in this study. Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from all subjects for microbiological analysis. The prevalence and proportions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola were determined by conventional PCR and real-time PCR. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in saliva was significantly higher in LAgP patients (46.7%) and GAgP patients (40.0%) than that in CP patients (14.3%). The mean proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans in LAgP patients (4.42%) was significantly higher than that in GAgP patients (0.59%) and CP patients (0.37%) in saliva. In subgingival plaque, LAgP patients showed a significantly higher mean proportion of T. forsythensis (19.8%) than CP patients (7.45%). In conclusion, A. actinomycetemcomitans was the more predominant periodontopathic bacteria in LAgP than in GAgP and CP. The increased proportion of T. forsythensis might relate to LAgP, in addition to A. actinomycetemcomitans. These results indicate that real-time PCR analysis is useful for the evaluation of the bacterial profiles in different types of periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Periodontal ligament formation around titanium implants using cultured periodontal ligament cells: a pilot study.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a new periodontal ligament attachment will form on titanium implants when they are implanted with cultured periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells obtained from the teeth of 3 dogs were cultured and attached to the surface of titanium implants. The implants with the cultured autologous periodontal ligament cells were placed in the mandibles of the dogs. After 3 months of healing, histologic examination revealed that, on some implant surfaces, a layer of cementum-like tissue with inserting collagen fibers had been achieved. These results demonstrated that cultured periodontal ligament cells can form tissue resembling a true periodontal ligament around implants.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The effect of periodontal initial therapy on circulating TNF-alpha and HbA1C in type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and mechanism of periodontal initial therapy on type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis. METHODS: 15 type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis were selected. Their body mass index (BMI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentration, and the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol (CHOL) were assessed respectively before and 4-6 weeks after periodontal initial therapy. RESULTS: After initial therapy, SBI, PD, circulating TNF-alpha concentration, and the value of HbA1C and TG were reduced significantly (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in BMI and CHOL value (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal initial therapy can effectively reduce HbA1C value in type 2 diabetes patients with periodontitis, possibly through the reduction of circulating TNF-alpha concentration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Importance of periodic follow up of periodontal diseases for the maintenance of periodontal health and the longevity of dental restoration].

The major objective of the author's investigation was to determine if the progression of attachment loss, the recurrence of active phase of periodontitis and development of new carious lesions can be controlled and prevented in individuals with prior history of aggressive periodontitis provided full mouth reconstruction and maintained at a proper level of oral hygiene. The results of a group on regular periodontal recall program were compared with the five years dental and periodontal findings on a matched group of patients having not been on regular maintenance program. The well maintained group of patients' annual recall data did not vary markedly. In five years basically the same amount of attachment apparatus was maintained. The reexamination of the non recall group at the end of the fifth year shoved a total deterioration of dentition due to the progression of periodontal disease and attachment loss. Especially those of rapidly progressing periodontitis cases shoved 70 to 100% attachment loss. This comparative study attempted to outline the insufficiency of our former dental philosophy of patient management and follow up. Authors emphasize the importance of the follow up, and maintenance of a very high level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Is it possible for periodontal patients to recognize periodontal disease].

The purpose of this study was the evaluation of clinical symptoms of periodontal disease in a sample of adult periodontal patients, that were presented for periodontal treatment in the private clinics of the authors during a period of ten years. A questionnaire was designed for this reason which included questions related to gingival bleeding, gingival enlargement, tooth migration and tooth mobility. 330 questionnaires were evaluated from a total of 1175 consisting a representative sample. The results have showed that the clinical symptoms that directed patients to look for periodontal treatment were (a) gingival bleeding when brushing or spontaneously (74.78%), (b) tooth mobility (65.65%), (c) presence of gingival enlargement (60%) and (d) tooth migration (36.96%). Comparison between positive answers, in all questions in relation with the presence of the clinical symptoms of periodontal disease showed significant differences between men and women. Furthermore, women were presented for appropriate periodontal treatment with the presence of two symptoms while men with the presence of three. In conclusion gingival bleeding when brushing or spontaneously is a symptom that is easily evaluated by the patient--as the results of this study indicated--provided he knows its significance. Therefore, emphasis must be given in informing the patients regarding its significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Neutrophil function and microbial associations in rapidly progressing periodontitis and chronic periodontitis in the adult].

Our study was focused on the functional characteristics of neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) and the subgingival microflora in two different forms of periodontal disease: 1) adult periodontitis (AP); 2) rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP). Our study dealt with the functional characteristics of neutrophil leukocytes in the gingival fluid and in the peripheral blood. These were found markedly reduced in the RPP group, while, in the AP group, they were comparable to those of a healthy control group. No difference between local and systemic values was detected. Moreover, some samples of subgingival plaque were taken from two groups of patients, affected by AP and RPP respectively. The above samples showed a predominance of Gram-negative flora over Gram-positive flora, and of anaerobic flora over the aerobic one, and the predominance of specific pathogens in each of the two forms of periodontal disease. The subgingival plaque samples taken at the end of the periodontal treatment from five out of ten patients affected by RPP showed inverse ratios, as well as the absence of the previously detected pathogens. The findings underline the relevance of tests of leukocytes functionality and that of microbiological analysis to allow correct diagnosis of dubious forms of periodontal disease and the checking of the posttreatment results.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on clinical parameters and the numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans at adult periodontitis sites.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: The purpose of this study was to relate the numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cells to clinical parameters at diseased and healthy periodontal sites before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy using a sensitive quantitative PCR method (Q-PCR). METHOD: The sensitivity of the Q-PCR was less than 10 cells for all three species. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 541 sites in 50 adult periodontitis subjects pre-treatment, post-treatment and at a follow-up visit (3-6 months post-treatment). Pocket probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing were recorded at each visit and both healthy and diseased sites in each subject were sampled. RESULTS: Quantification revealed that P. gingivalis counts were associated with pocket depth (p=0.006) and attachment loss (p=0.010); however, neither P. intermedia nor A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with the clinical signs examined. Post-treatment, there was a significant decrease in the numbers of all three species in both the diseased and healthy sites (86-99%) but none were eradicated. Positive associations were found between any two of the three species studied both pre- and post-therapy. By the follow-up visit, there was a significant improvement in the probing depth of deep sites (p=0.001) but in no other clinical parameters. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the usefulness of Q-PCR for enumerating putative pathogens in clinical periodontal specimens and that the numbers of the three organisms in all sites decrease with non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The nature of the inflammatory infiltrates in childhood gingivitis, juvenile periodontitis and adult periodontitis: immunocytochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody to HLADr.

Routinely fixed and processed gingival biopsies from childhood gingivitis, juvenile periodontitis and chronic adult periodontitis patients have been stained immunocytochemically with a monoclonal anti HLADr antibody to aid in the identification and quantification of cell types in the inflammatory infiltrates. Using immunoperoxidase staining and morphological criteria, 9 cell types were quantified in 30 patients. Lesions in the 3 groups were found to differ widely both in size and composition. In the small childhood gingivitis lesions, most cells were small lymphocytes, over half of which were HLADr positive, whereas in juvenile periodontitis biopsies, well over half the infiltrate was plasma cells. The chronic adult periodontitis samples showed greater variability in composition between these 2 extremes, perhaps reflecting differences in disease activity. These results suggest that, when disease is quiescent, the volume of inflamed gingival connective tissue is small and is dominated by B-small lymphocytes, whilst on activation, the lesion increases in size and much of the B-lymphocyte population is transformed to plasma cells. This view corroborates the results of other workers with regard to juvenile periodontitis, but suggests a different interpretation of the quiescent lesion of childhood gingivitis from that current in the literature.

Adult↗