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PubMed1988

Direct wet mounts versus concentration for routine parasitological examination: are both necessary?

The authors evaluated the usefulness of direct wet mount microscopic examination of stool samples for routine parasitologic diagnosis compared with formalin-ethyl acetate concentration detection. Over a three-year period, there were no instances in which an intestinal parasite was detected only by the direct wet mount examination. Elimination of routine direct wet mount examinations can reduce laboratory cost and save significant technologist time without decreasing the sensitivity of microscopic examinations for common parasitic agents.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2002

History of human parasitology.

Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with during our relatively short history on Earth. Our knowledge of parasitic infections extends into antiquity, and descriptions of parasites and parasitic infections are found in the earliest writings and have been confirmed by the finding of parasites in archaeological material. The systematic study of parasites began with the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation and the promulgation of the germ theory. Thereafter, the history of human parasitology proceeded along two lines, the discovery of a parasite and its subsequent association with disease and the recognition of a disease and the subsequent discovery that it was caused by a parasite. This review is concerned with the major helminth and protozoan infections of humans: ascariasis, trichinosis, strongyloidiasis, dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, loasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, cestodiasis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, African trypanosomiasis, South American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, and microsporidiosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Medical parasitology in China: an historical perspective.

Traditional Chinese anthelmintics prove to be interesting because social, political, cultural, psychological and philosophical factors could affect them. A review of the ideas on the origin of parasitic infection and the historical development of medical parasitology in China is attempted to aid in the elucidation of the rationale of traditional Chinese anthelminthic treatment.

Anthelmintics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasitological diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania b. braziliensis in Bolivia.

Parasitological diagnosis, using stained smears, culture and pathological examination of biopsy, was studied in 146 patients infected with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, in Bolivia and Peru. The most efficient parasite detecting technique appeared to be the smear examination in cutaneous lesions (33% positive) and the pathology in case of mucous lesions (28% positive). In both, cutaneous and mucous lesions, the parasites were found most frequently in old lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Microbiological and parasitological contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) from self service restaurants of Niterói city, RJ].

Thirty samples of lettuces from self service restaurants of Niterói were analyzed to detect bacteriological and parasitological contamination. Sixteen samples presented fecal coliform, 16 mesophilic aerobic microorganisms greater than 10(7) UFC/g and 3 cysts of Entamoeba coli. These data suggest the need of better orientation for food handlers regarding the hygiene of processed vegetables.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Impact of a computer-based auto-tutorial program on parasitology test scores of four consecutive classes of veterinary medical students.

A "Hard and Soft Tick" auto-tutorial that integrates basic knowledge of the parasite biology with practical aspects of tick identification, clinical presentation, pathology, disease transmission, treatment, and control was developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine. The purpose of this study was to assess impact of the auto-tutorial on parasitology test scores in four classes (1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002) of veterinary students. The analysis revealed a small but significant increase (p = 0.054) in mean percentage examination scores for students who used the tutorial over those who did not.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Quality control for parasitologic data.

Accuracy of data is of paramount concern for all research. The task of providing objective assurances of accuracy of parasitologic data for a large, multi-center epidemiologic research project in Egypt (Epidemiology 1, 2, 3 [EPI 1, 2, 3]) presented a unique set of challenges undertaken jointly by the Ministry of Health's Qalyub Center for Field and Applied Research with technical assistance from Tulane University (New Orleans, LA). The EPI 1, 2, 3 project was part of large bilateral research program, the Schistosomiasis Research Project, undertaken jointly by the governments of Egypt and the United States. This paper describes the nature of the quality control system developed to accomplish this task, presents results and discusses the findings.

Egypt↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parasitology and entomology in the 29th century in Latin American narrative].

In the present review of twelve pieces produced by distinguished 20th century Latin American writers--Jorge Luis Borges from Argentina, Jorge Amado and João Ubaldo Ribeiro from Brazil, José Donoso from Chile, Gabriel García Márquez from Colombia, Alejo Carpentier from Cuba, Miguel Angel Asturias from Guatemala, Octavio Paz from Mexico, Mario Vargas Llosa from Perú, Horacio Quiroga and Mario Benedetti from Uruguay and Arturo Uslar-Pietri from Venezuela--paragraphs or parts of paragraphs in which parasitological or entomological situations of the most varied hues are referred to or described, have been extracted in a selective form. Sometimes in these descriptions appear, local or regional expressions, without ignoring colorful folklore representations. For a easier interpretation these or part of these paragraph sentences have been arranged by thematic similarities. In a varied and kaleidoscopic vision, it will be possible to find protozoiasis (malaria, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, amebiasis), helminthiases (ascariasis, hydatidosis, trichinosis, schistosomiasis, cysticercosis, onchocerciasis), parasitoses produced by arthropods (pediculosis, scabies, tungiasis, myiasis), passing progressively to hemaphagous arthropods (mosquitoes, gnats, horse flies, bedbugs, ticks), venomous arthropods (Latrodectus spiders, scorpions, wasps, bees), mechanical vectors (flies and cockroaches), culminating with a conjunction of bucolic arthropods (butterflies, crickets, grasshoppers cicadas, ants, centipedes, beetles, glow worms, dragonflies).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Francesco Redi and the birth of experimental parasitology].

Francesco Redi (1626-1697) born in Arezzo (Tuscany, Italy), an encyclopedic mind simultaneously naturalist, physician and poet is the founder of scientific and experimental parasitology by his works published in 1668 and 1684. In the first he showed the impossibility of spontaneous generation of insects (flies) and in the second are described over hundred species of parasites (helminths, mites, insects) from vertebrates and invertebrates with excellent illustrations. He has also recommended various antiparasitic remedies and specified their pharmacological action. It is besides under his influence that two of his disciples: Bonomo and Cestoni will rediscover and redescribe in 1687 the itch-mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis).

History, 17th Century↗
PubMed2001

The social factors affecting the diffusion of parasitology to Puerto Rico and Hong Kong.

This study seeks to understand the role played by social factors in the diffusion of parasitology to Puerto Rico, in particular those affecting the work of Bailey K. Ashford between 1898-1934. Most studies of Ashford to date focus mainly on the intellectual framework per se, and rarely on the surrounding social environment. In order to achieve this aim, Ashford's experiences were contrasted to those of Patrick Manson in Hong Kong and China between 1866 and 1889. By undertaking this comparative approach, it became clear that social factors more significantly affected the advancement on their respective investigations than intellectual ones. Manson simply did not have the political and financial support needed to develop his work, hence greatly delaying the establishment of a research institute in Hong Kong, or China for that matter. By contrast, Ashford achieved a great deal of popular and congressional support, thereby enabling him to establish a research institution early in the century. Relevant social factors included: cultural differences, their history of colonial relations and the local economy.

Ancylostomiasis↗
PubMed1992

Diagnostic laboratory parasitology--a stepping stone to medical research in tropical Africa.

African countries can concentrate mainly on operational and problem-solving type of medical research using as a basis routine diagnostic laboratory parasitology which can be elevated to research level by incorporating all relevant techniques backed by statistically-based programming. Because of high incidence of parasitic infections and the peculiar host-parasite relationship, co-operation between all departments of any major hospital will be required to deal with the diseases due to them. Longitudinal studies on some parasites will enable generalisation and specific views to be formed on some infections. Multiplicity and wide variety of available techniques offer several research possibilities of clinico-pathological and epidemiological significance. Routine laboratory-based research offers the right environment for training various types of laboratory workers from technicians to medical parasitologists, through on-the-job training on techniques, investigative studies and research, backed by formal lectures and practicals at various levels. Trainee medical parasitologists can obtain higher degrees locally or abroad. The research can be organised around micro and mini research units. This approach is cost-beneficial because it minimises administrative difficulties and so avoids wastage. The results can be used to monitor impact of national development on parasitic infection prevalence and to formulate a policy on parasitic disease management.

Africa↗
PubMed2005

[Clinical, serological and parasitological aspects of an outbreak of human trichinellosis in Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina. The acute and chronic phases of the infection].

Clinical and serological features of individuals undergoing the acute (n: 54) and chronic (n: 32) phases of trichinellosis belonging to an outbreak originated by the consumption of pork products of a commercial source, arisen in Argentina, are described. Epidemiological data, signs, symptoms, and laboratory studies were assessed. Parasitological studies were performed in patients and pork products. Results showed that: a) the parasite burden of pork products was 200.0 +/- 18.3 larvae/g; b) muscle larvae were demonstrated in 10 out of the 11 patients studied; c) during the acute phase, fever (94%), eosinophilia (90%), myalgia (85%), headache (81%), facial edema (54%), diarrhoea (52%) and anti-Trichinella antibodies (64%) were observed; d) 15% of the patients had to be hospitalized, 7% having complications; e) during the chronic phase, myalgia (72%), sight abnormalities (22%), gastrointestinal disorders (31%) and the persistence of antibodies (77%) were observed. This study highlights the socioeconomical impact of trichinellosis due to the clinical characteristics of the acute phase and the presence of symptoms in the chronic phase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

[Proteomics and its application in parasitology].

Proteomics is an important high throughout method in modern life science. In this paper, the definition, background and methods used in proteomics were introduced, and the last part was focused on its application in parasitology.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Human parasitology teaching in the 21st century].

Multimedia techniques were applied in parasitological teaching and experimental practices. In order to strengthen the practical ability of the undergraduate students, reform was conducted including a prioritization of the teaching content, use of series micro-slides and video show, etc.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The chaos theory in parasitology].

Fundamental ideas of the chaotic non-linear dynamical systems and their application in parasitology (e.g. Cephalomyvia populations, Trichomronas vaginalis invasions, Homo-Plasmodium systems) are discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

[Basics of PCR and related techniques applied in veterinary parasitology].

We attempte through the following overall review pertaining to the basics of PCR techniques (Polymerase Chain Reaction), to introduce the main applications used in veterinary parasitology. A major problem restricting the application possibilities of molecular biology techniques is of quantitative nature. Amplification techniques represent a real revolution, for it makes possible the production of tens, even hundreds of nanogrammes of sequences when starting from very small quantities. The PCR technique has dramatically transformed the strategies used so far in molecular biology and subsequently research and medical diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[DNA microarrays in parasitology and medical sciences].

The article presents the current knowledge on the microarray technique and its applications in medical sciences and parasitology. The first part of the article is focused on the technical aspects (microarray preparation, different microarray platforms, probes preparation, hybridization and signal detection). The article also describes possible ways of proceeding during laboratory work on organism of which the genome sequence is not known or has been only partially sequenced. The second part of the review describes how microarray technique have been, or possibly will be, used for better understanding parasite life cycles and development, host-parasite relationship, comparative genomics of virulent organisms, develpoment vaccines against the most virulent parasites and host responses to infection.

Animals↗