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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Revision and checklist of the species (other than lecudina) of the aseptate gregarine family Lecudinidae.

A checklist is given of the 89 named species of the gregarine family Lecudininae, exclusive of the 42 named species of the genus Lecudina (phylum Apicomplexa, class Sporozoea, subclass Gregarinia, order Eugregarinida, suborder Aseptatina). The list includes also the synonyms, host names, locations in hosts, known geographic distributions of the species, as well as key references. Another list is given of synonyms, lapsi calami, nomina nuda, etc., associated with the genera. A new genus, Paraophioidina g.n., with type species, Paraophioidina haeckeli (Mingazzini, 1891) and a new species, Lankesteria ormieresi sp. n., are described. There are also new combinations in the genera Bhatiella, Ancora, Monocystella, Ascocystis, and Paraophioidina.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Nine new Salmonella species belonging to sub-genera I, II, and III and a new serological variant of S. tornow (author's transl)].

Between October 1971 and March 1972, 168 samples were collected from tank-water and faeces of amphibious animals and reptiles living in the Aquarium of the Berlin Zoo. They were examined for Salmonella and Arizona. Nine unknown Salmonella species and one new serological variant of S. tornow were isolated. Two of the new species were found to belong to sub-genus I, three to sub-genus II, and for to sub-genus III (Arizona) (see article).

Amphibians↗
PubMed2006

Phylogeny and megasystematics of phagotrophic heterokonts (kingdom Chromista).

Heterokonts are evolutionarily important as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, all grossly understudied phylogenetically and of uncertain relationships. We sequenced 18S rRNA genes from 14 phagotrophic non-photosynthetic heterokonts and a probable Ochromonas, performed phylogenetic analysis of 210-430 Heterokonta, and revised higher classification of Heterokonta and its three phyla: the predominantly photosynthetic Ochrophyta; the non-photosynthetic Pseudofungi; and Bigyra (now comprising subphyla Opalozoa, Bicoecia, Sagenista). The deepest heterokont divergence is apparently between Bigyra, as revised here, and Ochrophyta/Pseudofungi. We found a third universal heterokont signature sequence, and deduce three independent losses of ciliary hairs, several of 1-2 cilia, 10 of photosynthesis, but perhaps only two plastid losses. In Ochrophyta, heterotrophic Oikomonas is sister to the photosynthetic Chrysamoeba, whilst the abundant freshwater predator Spumella is biphyletic; neither clade is specifically related to Paraphysomonas, indicating four losses of photosynthesis by chrysomonads. Sister to Chrysomonadea (Chrysophyceae) is Picophagea cl. nov. (Picophagus, Chlamydomyxa). The diatom-parasite Pirsonia belongs in Pseudofungi. Heliozoan-like actinophryids (e.g. Actinosphaerium) are Opalozoa, not related to pedinellids within Hypogyristea cl. nov. of Ochrophyta as once thought. The zooflagellate class Bicoecea (perhaps the ancestral phenotype of Bigyra) is unexpectedly diverse and a major focus of our study. We describe four new biciliate bicoecean genera and five new species: Nerada mexicana, Labromonas fenchelii (=Pseudobodo tremulans sensu Fenchel), Boroka karpovii (=P. tremulans sensu Karpov), Anoeca atlantica and Cafeteria mylnikovii; several cultures were previously misidentified as Pseudobodo tremulans. Nerada and the uniciliate Paramonas are related to Siluania and Adriamonas; this clade (Pseudodendromonadales emend.) is probably sister to Bicosoeca. Genetically diverse Caecitellus is probably related to Anoeca, Symbiomonas and Cafeteria (collectively Anoecales emend.). Boroka is sister to Pseudodendromonadales/Bicoecales/Anoecales. Placidiales are probably divergent bicoeceans (the GenBank Placidia sequence is a basidiomycete/heterokont chimaera). Two GenBank 'opalinid' sequences are fungal; Pseudopirsonia is cercozoan; two previous GenBank 'Caecitellus' sequences are Adriamonas.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1997

Evolutionary instability of the major histocompatibility complex class I loci in New World primates.

Homologues of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) HLA-A, -B, -E, -F, and -G loci are present in all the Catarrhini (Old World primates, apes, and humans), and some of their allelic lineages have survived several speciation events. Analysis of 26 MHC class I cDNAs from seven different genera of New World primates revealed that the Callitrichinae (tamarins and marmosets) are an exception to these rules of MHC stability. In gene trees of primate MHC class I genes, sequences from the Callitrichinae cluster in a genus-specific fashion, whereas in the other genera of New World primates, as in the Catarrhini, they cluster in a transgeneric way. The genus-specific clustering of the Callitrichinae cDNAs indicates that there is no orthology between MHC class I loci in genera of this phyletic group. Additionally, the Callitrichinae genera exhibit limited variability of their MHC class I genes, in contrast to the high variability displayed by all other primates. Each Callitrichinae genus, therefore, expresses its own set of MHC class I genes, suggesting that an unusually high rate of turnover of loci occurs in this subfamily. The limited variability of MHC class I genes in the Callitrichinae is likely the result of the recent origin of these loci.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Forelimb anatomy of New World monkeys: myology and the interpretation of primitive anthropoid models.

The forelimbs of 12 genera of New World monkeys, two genera of Old World monkeys, and a gibbon were dissected. Of the 54 muscles examined, 19 exhibited significant intergeneric variation. We present arguments for which morphologies are primitive and which are derived within platyrrhines and within anthropoids. We conclude that the forelimbs of Cebus apella and Callicebus moloch represent good models of the ancestral anthropoid morphology. Thus among living anthropoids they are most appropriate for comparisons with early fossil anthropoids. They are also useful for determining whether myological anomalies of human aneuploids are atavistic. Wagner tree analyses were conducted to assess the value of these myological characters in phylogenetic studies of platyrrhines. In most respects the Wagner trees were consonant with phylogenies previously proposed, although some hypothesized trees are less parsimonious than others in explaining our data. There is an unexpected number of derived features shared by Aotus and the Atelines. There are marked dissimilarities in forelimb musculature between Aotus and Callicebus.

Alouatta↗
PubMed2004

Comments on the gonotyl of Proctocaecum macroclemidis (Tkach and Snyder, 2003) n. comb. (Digenea: Acanthostomidae: Acanthostominae), with a key to the genera of acanthostominae and new phylogenetic tree for Proctocaecum Baugh, 1957.

The species recently described as Acanthostomum macroclemidis possesses the gonotyl in the form of a solid muscular pad uniquely diagnostic for species of Proctocaecum and is accordingly transferred to that genus. An artificial key to the 5 acanthostomine genera, as well as an updated phylogenetic hypothesis for the 10 known species of Proctocaecum, based on 11 characters and including 2 species described since the last phylogenetic analysis, are presented. The single most parsimonious phylogenetic tree with a consistency index of 87.5% suggests that Proctocaecum originated in Africa and spread to North America and South America before the breakup of Pangaea. As a result, the 2 North American and 1 South American species are most closely related to different African members of the genus. African and Indo-Pacific species inhabit crocodylids; hence, the occurrence of North American species in alligatorids and chelonians and a South American species in alligatorids are the result of host switches.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1993

A phylogeny of New World Deltocephalus-like leafhopper genera based on mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences.

The Deltocephalus-like leafhoppers are a group of grass-feeding insects that share common forms in the male genitalia, chiefly a fused aedeagal-connective structure. The group contains 27 New World genera. The phylogenetic relationships among these genera and other genera in the tribe are unclear because fusion of the aedeagus and connective, although clearly apomorphic, has occurred in both related and unrelated groups. An independent set of characters is required to test the hypothesis that the Deltocephalus-like genera are monophyletic and to derive relationships among these genera. We examined 562 sites in the 3'-end of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA from 21 species representing 19 New World genera. Eight species in closely related groups or tribes were also analyzed. The region was sequenced directly from PCR-amplified DNA of field-collected and museum-preserved dried specimens. The transversion rate was twice as high as the transition rate; however, 74% of these were adenine-thymine transversions. Analysis of secondary structure indicated that substitution rates were equal in stem and loop forming regions of the processed rRNA. Using either parsimony or distance analysis, derived phylogenies suggested that, with the exception of the genus Cabrulus, the Deltocephalus-like leafhoppers are genera within a monophyletic group.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Taxonomic position of aromatic-degrading denitrifying pseudomonad strains K 172 and KB 740 and their description as new members of the genera Thauera, as Thauera aromatica sp. nov., and Azoarcus, as Azoarcus evansii sp. nov., respectively, members of the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria.

In the past workers have isolated several pseudomonad strains which have been used for studies of anaerobic aromatic metabolism. The best studied of these strains are strains KB 740T (T = type strain) and K 172T. The taxonomic positions of these two organisms were determined by classical methods, including experiments to determine substrate spectrum, quinone type, and total fatty acid composition. Our results clearly excluded these strains from the authentic genus Pseudomonas, which belongs to the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. Instead, the properties of these organisms indicated that they belong to the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria. The sequences of the 16S ribosomal DNA genes confirmed this conclusion and indicated that strain K 172T represents a new species of the genus Thauera, Thauera aromatica, and that strain KB 740T represents a new species of the genus Azoarcus, Azoarcus evansii.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1970

Rhodotorulic acid from species of Leucosporidium, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus, and Sporobolomyces, and a new alanine-containing ferrichrome from Cryptococcus melibiosum.

An examination of 142 strains within 19 genera of yeasts and yeastlike organisms for formation of hydroxamic acids in low-iron culture showed production of hydroxamates by two unclassified strains and by 52 strains among the genera Aessosporon (3 of 3 strains), Cryptococcus (1 of 43), Leucosporidium (3 of 11), Rhodosporidium (4 of 4), Rhodotorula (27 of 39), Sporidiobolus (2 of 2), and Sporobolomyces (12 of 13). Crystalline rhodotorulic acid was isolated in amounts sufficient to account for most or all of the measured hydroxamate in culture supernatants of 16 strains representative of the five last-mentioned hydroxamate-producing genera. A new alanine-containing ferrichrome was isolated from one strain of Cryptococcus melibiosum. Rhodotorulic acid was a major metabolic product of many of the positive strains when grown in low-iron media, and iron was shown to repress its synthesis and excretion into the culture medium. The taxonomic significance of production of hydroxamic acids is described in connection with the position of these yeast species in the subclass Heterobasidiomycetidae.

Alanine↗
PubMed1997

Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in the subsurface microbial culture collection.

The Subsurface Microbial Culture Collection (SMCC) was established by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) and contains nearly 10,000 strains of microorganisms (mostly bacteria) isolated from terrestrial subsurface environments. Selected groups of bacterial isolates from three sample sites situated above geochemically and hydrologically different subsurface environments have been characterized by phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene nucleotide sequences. Among these isolates were members of six major phylogenetic groups of bacteria: the high-G+C and low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria; the alpha-, beta-, and gamma-subdivisions of the Proteobacteria; and the Flexibacter/Cytophaga/Bacteroides group. A small number of the SMCC strains may be members of new bacterial genera, but most of them could be placed with reasonable confidence into more than 35 previously described genera. The majority of the Gram-positive isolates were species of Arthrobacter, Bacillus, or Streptococcus, whereas Acinetobacter, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Variovorax were among the most frequently encountered Gram-negative genera. A high proportion of the strains were placed in fewer than 10 genera, implying that there is substantial duplication within the SMCC at the genus level. When groups of isolates assigned to Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, or Sphingomonas were analyzed in more detail, however, it was found that each group consisted of subgroups of strains that probably differed at the species level. Restriction endonuclease analysis (applied to the strains from one sample site) indicated that additional diversity was present at the strain level. Most of the SMCC isolates assigned to some genera (e.g., Acinetobacter) were very closely related to previously described species in those genera, but most of the isolates assigned to other genera (e.g., Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas) appeared (or were shown) to be new species, thereby indicating that a reasonable amount of novelty is present within the SMCC at the species level.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates).

Orthologous sequences of six nuclear genes were obtained for all recognized genera of New World monkeys (Primates: Platyrrhini) and outgroups to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and to estimate divergence times. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. All methods resolved with 100% branch support genus-level relationships, except for the grouping of Aotus as a sister taxa of Cebus and Saimiri, which was supported by low bootstrap percentages and posterior probability. All approaches depict three monophyletic New World monkey families: Atelidae, Cebidae, and Pitheciidae; also within each family, all approaches depict the same branching topology. However, the approaches differ in depicting the relationships of the three families to one another. Maximum parsimony depicts the Atelidae and Cebidae as sister families next joined by the Pitheciidae. Conversely, likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees group families Atelidae and Pitheciidae together to the exclusion of Cebidae. Divergence time estimations using both local molecular clock and Bayesian approaches suggest the families diverged from one another over a short period of geological time in the late Oligocene-early Miocene.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Functional characterization and purification of an intracellular vitamin D-binding protein in vitamin D-resistant new world primate cells. Amino acid sequence homology with proteins in the hsp-70 family.

Most genera of New World primates exhibit resistance to vitamin D. These monkeys harbor high circulating concentrations of the prohormone 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the active vitamin D hormone 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Previous work from this laboratory indicated that resistance is associated with the overexpression of a 60-65-kDa intracellular protein that binds vitamin D metabolites competitively. In the current studies 25-[3H]hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) was used as a competitive ligand to investigate the ability of a number of small lipid molecules to interact with this intracellular vitamin D-binding protein (IDBP) in post-nuclear extracts of a prototypical lymphoblast cell line from the common marmoset, a vitamin D-resistant New World primate. Only those vitamin D metabolites with a hydroxyl moiety in the C-25 position were bound by IDBP. Disruption of the C-25 hydroxyl obviated binding, whereas more proximal alterations in the vitamin D side chain did not. Modifications in the A-ring of 25-hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites, most specifically hydroxylation of C-1, diminished but did not abolish ligand binding. Of more than two dozen other small lipid molecules examined, only the C-19 17-hydroxysteroids, 17beta-estradiol and testosterone, and the C-21 steroid progesterone were found to be capable of binding specifically to IDBP. Using a combination of physical and serial chromatographic techniques, we enriched IDBP 25-OHD3 binding activity 17,588-fold in extracts of B95-8 cells. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this purified fraction demonstrated a predominant 65-kDa molecular species with a pI approximately 4.5. Seven different peptide fragments were isolated from the 65-kDa protein, each possessing sequence similarity to the hsp-70 family of proteins. Ligand binding analyses confirmed that human inducibly expressed hsp-70-bound 25-OHD3 with approximately similar affinity ( approximately 10(-7) M) as did purified IDBP. In summary, these results suggest a novel action for the hsp-70 family of proteins as intracellular vitamin D- and gonadal steroid hormone-binding molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗