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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Instruments in the assessment of psychosomatic and neurotic disorders.

The introduction of DSM-III/DSM-III-R and ICD-10 implies fundamental innovations to the diagnostic process. The changes relate both to formal aspects (e.g. symptom and time-related criteria) and to content (e.g. the abandonment of the concept of neurosis). Additionally, specific assessment instruments are introduced. However, other aspects important for the description and treatment of patients easily become neglected when concentrating on a system of diagnoses which aim at the classification of patients by groups of disorders. The present article will present instruments which make it possible to do justice to both points of view.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative analysis of the clinical effectiveness of reflexotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy in the treatment of neurotic disorders in dermatology patients].

Comparative studies on the efficacy of a multiple-modality treatment of patients with chronic dermatoses (atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis), including reflexotherapy (RT) and drug psychotherapy (DPT), have shown high clinical efficacy of RT in cases with hysterical and moderately expressed anxiety-depressive disorders and of DPT in pronounced depressive hypochondriac disturbances. Unlike DPT, RT has not been associated with side effects. Clinical results have been confirmed by the data of comprehensive clinical and psychological examinations of the patients in the course of treatment.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

[Prevention of the initial forms of neurotic disorders].

The authors describe a system for preventing the initial forms of mental disorders, introduced at a large industrial enterprise. The system comprises 6 stages: psychohygiemic, psychoprophylactic, psychocorrection, ambulatory psychotherapeutic, inpatient, and maintenance psychotherapy. The principles of the structure of the system, the results of its functioning for 3 years are outlined in accordance with the data of the medical hygiene division.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1991

Clinical note: childhood neurotic disorders with a sexual content need not imply child sexual abuse.

Two cases are described of childhood obsessional states in which the content of the symptomatology led parents and professionals to suspect child sexual abuse. Following assessment it was felt, on the balance of probabilities, unlikely that child sexual abuse had occurred in either case. Both children had previously engaged in "sex play" with peers. Maternal attitudes to sexuality were felt to have influenced their daughters' views about sexual behaviour and to have contributed to the children's guilt feelings. Response to appropriate treatment was rapid and has been sustained in the short-term. The importance of avoiding lengthy and possibly damaging assessment procedures in such cases is discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychotherapy of neurotic disorders in older adults: a new doorway to life].

The general concept of neurosis in old age includes the classical forms as well as the ones specific to this particular community and, also, the reactions to social circumstances. This point of view practically covers the greatest part of the behavior that the ones we call "elders" usually show and almost drives us to give a psychological definition of this state. Etiology of these disorders is plural. It involves the role of the emotional past, of the medicosocial implications of ageing, especially regarding affectivity. Psychotherapeutic intervention needs a great pliancy allowing to interfere both on the pragmatic and the interpretative levels. The freudian prejudice build up on the impediment of psycho-affective rigidity hides the unconscious fears of the therapist towards his own old age as well as the fear of being questioned about his efficiency. A restriction in the means as well as in the therapeutic ambition is not underrating but rather valorizing his action in which he must show self-control and suppleness. This psychotherapy must catalyze the energy that the elderly displays in his quest of unity. It trends to give back the individual an unlimited opening on life.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of pre-neurotic disorders in senior school students: hygienic aspects].

The prevalence of preneurotic abnormalies was studied in senior schoolboys from 4 Bryansk regional areas with different levels of radiation contamination. The study is aimed at elucidating the correlation between the rate of development of preneurotic abnormalities and the level of radiation load in the environment. The study used the data of questionnaire surveys among schoolchildren, school medical records, the results of Aizenok, Spilberger-Khanin, and Lusher tests, the data of the Bryansk Center for Hydrometereology and environmental monitoring. There has been no significant relationship of studied psychological parameters to the radiation contamination of an area where the pupils live; however, there is a tendency for deviation from the optimum level of anxiety in senior schoolchildren who reside in radioactively polluted area. While implementing a package of preventive measures, it is necessary to pay a particular attention to the psychological atmosphere in the family of pupils and to the pattern of their learning load.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Assessment of comorbidity in the diagnosis of psychosomatic and neurotic disorders: results from the ICD-10 field trials with the diagnostic criteria for research in Germany.

Operational diagnostic systems like ICD-10, Chapter V (F) are introducing the concept of comorbidity covering the symptomatology of patients with multiple descriptive diagnoses. Focusing on this concept, the relevance of rater variables in the diagnostic assessment with ICD-10 is studied. Based on data from the German ICD-10 Research Criteria Study in 11 centres of psychosomatic medicine, diagnostic ratings of 129 clinicians for 20 patients are discussed. Significant differences concerning the agreement of the clinicians with expert main diagnoses are correlated with their familiarity with DSM-III-R, the age of the clinicians and subjective ratings of the diagnostic process. Clinicians with a greater familiarity with DSM-III-R and ICD-10 and older diagnosticians with more professional experience in psychosomatic medicine show a better ability to cover comorbidity in their diagnostic assessments. Furthermore, behavioural therapists are assessing comorbidity more adequately than psychoanalytic therapists.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Documentation of psychosomatic and neurotic disorders (experience with the Heidelburg Symptom Diagnosis Register PSM-HD)].

A coding system for symptoms and diagnosis based on the ICD-Code is presented which is extended under psychological and psychosomatic veiwpoints and which comprises almost 200 codes of psychic (affective) and somatic complaints, psychic conflicts and types of personality. It is organised in two parts in that way, that the diagnosis of the symptoms and the diagnosis of the personality are recorded seperately. Counts on the different types of symptoms found in a sample of 1000 patients which came to a psychosomatic out-patient department in 1979 are represented. The anti-nosological attitude of the psychoanalysis is discussed and is seen as an impediment in the development of clinical practice with neurosis and psychosomatic diseases. The actually often contended symptom shifts, the increase of narcissistic disturbances, and borderlines can not be clarified without description of symptoms and terms, as well as many other questions without clarification of units of diseases. The anti-nosological attitude does not only hinder contacts with other medical subjects but also the further handling of the patient's body language, and that he can feel himself accepted and understood with his somatic symptoms. A descriptive approach to the complaints and symptoms of the patient is necessary as a first before a psychodynamic and development psychological deepening.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of phototherapy on psychoautonomic neurotic disorders.

Bright white light therapy (two-week courses of daily morning sessions lasting 1 h; distance from lamp 60 cm; light intensity 3300 lux) was used in 51 patients with neurotic autonomic dystonia syndrome. Improvements were obtained in 59% of patients (group 1), while treatment was not effective in 41% (group 2). Changes in virtually all neuroendocrine, motivational, psychoautonomic, pain, and psychopathological symptomatology were obtained. At the end of treatment, patients in group 1 had increases in the EEG power spectrum, increases in slow activity and reductions in rapid activity on both sides; coefficients of asymmetry approached those in controls, and there were increases in urinary excretion of catecholamine and serotonin metabolites. In group 2, initially increased EEG power spectra increased further, because of increases in theta and beta rhythms bilaterally, and the coefficient of asymmetry decreased sharply; total excretory activity decreased. Symptoms and psychophysiological measures positively and negatively affected by phototherapy were identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The Nottingham study of neurotic disorder: comparison of drug and psychological treatments.

210 psychiatric outpatients with generalised anxiety disorder (71), or panic disorder (74), or dysthymic disorder (65) diagnosed by an interview schedule for DSM-III were allocated by constrained randomisation to one of five treatments: diazepam (28), dothiepin (28), placebo (28), cognitive and behaviour therapy (84), and a self-help treatment programme (42). All treatments were given for 6 weeks and then withdrawn by 10 weeks. Ratings of psychopathology were made by psychiatric assessors blind to both treatment and diagnosis before treatment and at 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks after randomisation. 18 patients had insufficient data for analysis because of early drop-out. There were no important differences in treatment response between the diagnostic groups, but diazepam was less effective than dothiepin, cognitive and behaviour therapy, or self-help, these three treatments being of similar efficacy. Significantly more patients in the placebo group took additional psychotropic drugs in the 10 week period, and those allocated to dothiepin and cognitive and behaviour therapy took the least.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: relationship between personality status and symptoms.

Two hundred and ten psychiatric patients with one of three DSM-III diagnoses, generalized anxiety disorder (N = 71), panic disorder (N = 74) or dysthymic disorder (N = 65), were included in a clinical trial in which diazepam, dothiepin or placebo tablets, cognitive and behaviour therapy, or a self-help package were given over ten weeks. Personality status was assessed independently using a structured interview, the Personality Assessment Schedule. One hundred and ninety-eight patients had personality assessments, 89% with a close informant. Thirty-six per cent had a personality disorder and these patients had more severe psychopathology than those with no personality disorder. Personality disorder was more common in patients with dysthymic disorder and this group responded less well to treatment. The category of personality disorder had no apparent influence on symptoms.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Depression, anxiety and neurotic disorders].

The author establishes reports between humoral disorders and anxiety disorders. The relative use of benzodiazepines in the treatment of depressive states is analyzed and a simple drug treatment schedule is proposed.

Adjustment Disorders↗