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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

One century after the description of the "sign": Joseph Babinski and his contribution to neurosurgery.

One hundred years ago, in 1896, Joseph Babinski published a preliminary report on "réflexe cutané plantaire" (cutaneous plantar reflex), which became widely known as the Babinski sign. However, Babinski did not view the description of the sign as his major achievement. Instead, he considered his greatest contribution to medicine to be his having "... indiqué la voie à Martel et à Vincent" (pointed the way to Thierry de Martel and Clovis Vincent, founders of French neurosurgery). Several of Babinski's manuscripts deal with neurosurgical problems. In 1900, 1 year before Alfred Fröhlich's description, Babinski gave the first account of the adiposogenital syndrome and its relation to pituitary-hypothalamic disorder. Many other original contributions ensued. These include a report on the relief of papilledema by surgical decompression in 1901, the successful removal (in collaboration with de Martel) of an intracranial meningioma in 1909, the description (again with de Martel) of a cerebellopontine angle tumor treated by surgical excision with good result in 1925, and several manuscripts concerning diagnosis and treatment of compressive spinal cord lesions. Babinski's dream to establish a department of neurosurgery became a reality shortly after his death. The Hôpital de la Pitie in Paris, where Babinski did most of his work, established the first French department of neurosurgery chaired by Babinski's pupil, Vincent.

Eponyms↗
PubMed2000

Origin and evolution of the Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University.

The Department of Neurosurgery at Kyushu University had its origins within the First Department of Surgery and was established as a subspecialty at the Neurological Institute more than 30 years ago under the leadership of Katsutoshi Kitamura. Further development of the neurosurgical department has proceeded during the chairmanship of Masashi Fukui. These leaders and many other dedicated physicians and surgeons, nurses, investigators from other countries, and staff members have contributed to the creation of a research-oriented neurosurgical environment that interacts fruitfully with the other components of the Neurological Institute. This article describes the development of neurosurgery within Kyushu, which has been a highly cosmopolitan area throughout its long history. More specifically, this account outlines the origin and growth of the Department of Neurosurgery at Kyushu University.

Faculty, Medical↗
PubMed2000

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided neurosurgery in the magnetic fringe fields: the next step in neuronavigation.

OBJECTIVE: We describe the development of an alternative approach to intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMR)-guided neurosurgery and report our initial experience with 22 craniotomies and 16 brain biopsies. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are examined. METHODS: An iMR suite houses a 0.2-T open configuration system (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) and is equipped with anesthetic gases and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible anesthesia machine and monitor. Standard operating instruments and equipment were tested for safety and compatibility in the magnetic fringe fields surrounding the open MRI system. We then performed brain biopsies and craniotomies in the iMR suite. RESULTS: Standard operating equipment functioned properly in the 0.5- to 10-mT zone and was not affected by the magnet's attractive force. Twenty-two craniotomies and 16 brain biopsies were performed in the interventional suite, using serial intraoperative MRI guidance, without injury to patients or operating room staff. CONCLUSION: Full neurosurgical procedures may be performed in the weak fringe fields surrounding an MRI system, using standard operating room equipment. This approach to iMR-guided neurosurgery offers a significant cost advantage over retrofitting an entire operative suite with "MRI-compatible" surgical equipment. The surgeon's familiarity with standard equipment and the reliability of the equipment are additional advantages. Neurosurgery in the fringe fields allows the neurosurgeon to utilize serial MRI with a minimum of inconvenience, disruption, and change to the standard neurosurgical procedure. Serial intraoperative imaging to visualize the changes in the brain that are associated with neurosurgical intervention seems to enhance the ability to safely and effectively accomplish neurosurgical goals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The Department of Neurosurgery at Seoul National University: past, present, and future.

The Department of Neurosurgery at Seoul National University College of Medicine is one of the oldest neurosurgical departments in Korea, and it is a center of academic leadership in neurosurgery. In September 1957, the department was established by Bo Sung Sim, and it has produced many leaders of neurosurgery in Korea. Chairmen Bo Sung Sim, Kil Soo Choi, Dae Hee Han, and Byung-Kyu Cho each brought special skills and talents to the development of the department. The current and fifth chair, Hyun Jib Kim, assumed the chairmanship in July 2000. The department comprises 11 full-time faculty members, 5 fellows, and 14 residents. More than 1,700 neurosurgical procedures are performed annually in four operating theaters. A gamma knife was installed in 1997, and approximately 200 gamma knife procedures are performed each year. In addition to clinical activities, research and education for graduate and postgraduate students are also particular strengths of the department. This article traces the clinical, academic, and scientific development of the department, its present activities, and its future direction.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2002

History of the Lahey Clinic department of neurosurgery.

THIS HISTORY OF one of the early departments of neurosurgery provides some perspective on the changing practice of this specialty during its formative years. Under the guidance of James L. Poppen and Gilbert Horrax, the Department of Neurosurgery at the Lahey Clinic assumed a prominent role in extending Harvey Cushing's methods, enlightened by Poppen's techniques, many of which were ahead of their time, and provided inspiration to the next generations of neurosurgeons. Although the pattern of neurosurgery has changed remarkably in the past 70 years, basic principles have remained much the same.

Boston↗
PubMed2002

The current state of neurosurgery in Japan.

JAPAN HAS TWO large neurosurgical societies, the Japan Neurosurgical Society (JNS) and the Japanese Congress of Neurological Surgeons (Japanese CNS). The JNS was founded in 1948, and the Japanese CNS in 1981. The total number of neurosurgeons in Japan exceeds 7500, with 5432 board certified. There are 1340 training centers for neurosurgery in Japan; they are classified into two categories: Category A centers and Category C centers (training subcenters). For a neurosurgeon to be eligible to take the specialty board examination, he or she is required to have finished at least 6 years of training at a designated training center. A characteristic of Japanese neurosurgery is that neurosurgeons are engaged not only in surgical operations but also in various related activities, including performing radiological diagnostic procedures, such as angiography and endovascular surgery; working in the emergency room; and sometimes participating in neurorehabilitation and gamma knife treatment. In addition, a large number of neurosurgeons are engaged in research in various related fields. The JNS began to publish its official journal in 1948, initially in the Japanese language. Since 1990, the journal has been published exclusively in English (Neurologia Medico-chirurgica), whereas the official journal of the Japanese CNS is published in Japanese (Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery). Japan is blessed with advanced diagnostic and surgical technologies and instruments. They are available as needed throughout the country. Medical insurance is fully covered by the government or public insurance system; there is basically no private insurance in Japan. This article mentions socioeconomic problems relating to neurosurgical practice.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1994

Minimally invasive surgery. Neurosurgery.

The introduction of minimally invasive techniques has greatly improved results for intracranial neurosurgery. Stereotaxy and improved imaging techniques have reduced surgical trauma by allowing surgeons to plan the least damaging route to operative sites and by increasing surgical precision. Stereotaxy has also allowed brain biopsies to be taken from sites such as the brain stem, which were rarely sampled before because free hand biopsy was so dangerous. Brain tumours can now be treated by interstitial radiotherapy--stereotactic insertion of catheters into the lesion for loading of radioactive iodine--or radiosurgery--focusing of intense beams of radiation on lesions without needing surgical incisions. Endoscopic neurosurgery can be used to reach cavities such as the ventricular system or cystic tumours. With interventional neuroradiology fine catheters can be introduced into most vessels in the cranium for embolisation or dilatation. The development of augmentative functional neurosurgery means that movement disorders, epilepsy, and intractable pain can be treated with implanted neurostimulating electrodes. Future developments will probably include frameless stereotaxy, when the rigid attachment of stereotactic apparatus to the patient's head can be dispensed with, and at least partial automation of procedures such brain biopsy.

Craniotomy↗
PubMed1992

Computer and imaging technology's impact on stereotactic neurosurgery. A 1987-1991 update.

Many improvements in computer and imaging technology have occurred since the last meeting of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery in 1987. These improvements are leading to a much wider acceptance of computerization and computer-assisted surgical procedures in the stereotactic neurosurgery field. This paper surveys the current fields of computer and imaging technology and its relationship and impact on the field of stereotactic neurosurgery during the period of 1987-1991. Forecasts about future developments are also discussed.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1995

Neurosurgery at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford: a history.

Neurosurgery started in Oxford in 1938. In this article, we commence the story of Oxford neurosurgery with Thomas Willis and trace the historical thread through William Osler, Charles Sherrington, John Fulton, and Harvey Cushing to Hugh Cairns. The department in Oxford is renowned for the training of neurosurgeons. The initial stimulus for this was the abundance of neurosurgical and neurological expertise in Oxford during World War II with Cairns, and this tradition continued with Joe Pennybacker and his successors. The large and ever increasing work load ensures trainees a wide exposure to challenging neurosurgical problems. An increasing emphasis placed on research has resulted in the creation of two posts; each consists of half-time clinical neurosurgery and half-time research. Hugh Cairns organized the department along "Cushing lines." This organization still exists, allowing us to treat a large number of patients with relatively few beds and an average length of patient stay less than 6 days. We look to the future with confidence.

England↗
PubMed2004

The history of neurosurgery at Temple University.

TEMPLE UNIVERSITY'S NEUROSURGERY program has had a colorful and distinguished history since its creation in 1929. It has always functioned under challenging circumstances with limited resources but with a strong sense of mission. It was one of the 20 neurosurgical training programs in existence when the American Board of Neurosurgery was founded in 1940. Over the past 64 years, the program has trained approximately the same number of neurosurgeons, many of whom have contributed significantly to our specialty. Some of the advances pioneered in part at Temple include clinical hypothermia (Fay), the biplanar stereoscopic angiographic unit (Chamberlain), human stereotactic surgery (Spiegel and Wycis), lumboperitoneal shunts (Scott), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (Lin), microsurgery for acoustic tumors (Buchheit), and new pharmacological approaches to neuroprotectors (Strauss and Narayan). The Temple neurosurgery program has survived many challenges in the past and will no doubt weather the current financial and medicolegal challenges that confront the neurosurgical community in Philadelphia. It remains a strong clinical program that serves an otherwise underserved community and attracts patients beyond its geographic area because of its strong clinical reputation and the excellence of its clinical faculty and residents.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2004

Personal memories of the history of stereotactic neurosurgery.

This article summarizes the author's personal memories of the first 50 years of stereotactic neurosurgery. The author provides a short summary of his education and his introduction to stereotactic neurosurgery. Some great pioneers of the field who played an important role in his training, including John F. Gillingham, Jean Talairach, Guillaume Guiot, Edvard Kandel, Hirotaro Narabayashi, Irving Cooper, Henry Wycis, and Lars Leksell, are described in detail. The author then discusses his own work in the treatment of movement disorders, chronic pain, epilepsy, and intractable psychiatric disorders. For his contributions to the field, the author received the Spiegel-Wycis Medal of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery in 2001.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Socioeconomic issues of United States military neurosurgery.

Although the practice of neurosurgery in the United States (US) Armed Forces is in many ways similar to the civilian practice of neurosurgery, there are many differences as well. The unique challenges, duties, and opportunities US military neurosurgeons are given, both in peacetime and in times of conflict, are discussed, as are pathways for entering into service. The advantages of military service for neurosurgeons include sponsored training, decreased direct exposure to tort actions, little involvement with third-party payers, significant opportunities for travel, and military specific experiences. The most appealing aspect of military practice is serving fellow members of the US Armed Forces. Disadvantages include the extreme gap between the military and civilian pay scales, lack of support personnel, and in some areas low surgery-related case volume. The greatest concern faced by the military neurosurgical community is the failure to retain experienced neurosurgeons after their obligated service time has been completed, for which several possible solutions are described. It is hoped that future changes will make the practice of military neurosurgery attractive enough so that it will be seen as a career in itself and not an obligation to endure before starting practice in the "real world."

Career Choice↗
PubMed2006

Olivecrona on the development of neurosurgery in the middle of the twentieth century: reflections with the wisdom of today.

Herbert Olivecrona was one of the pioneers of modern neurosurgery. In one of his articles, published more than half a century ago, Olivecrona shared his thoughts on the development of neurosurgery in the first half of the twentieth century and his vision regarding the future of neurosurgery and neurosurgical training. In the present paper, the authors communicate their reflections and thoughts on Herbert Olivecrona's visionary article.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1993

Herbert Olivecrona: founder of Swedish neurosurgery.

Herbert Olivecrona (1891-1980) singlehandedly founded Swedish neurosurgery. At the International Congress in Neurology in Bern in August, 1931, Harvey Cushing invited the cream of the world's medical society to a private banquet. Among the 28 specially invited guests was Herbert Olivecrona. At 40 years old, Olivecrona took his seat with pioneers such as Otfrid Foerster, Percival Bailey, Hugh Cairns, Geoffrey Jefferson, and Sir Charles Sherrington. This suggests that Cushing was impressed by the Swedish aristocrat's didactic deeds when he visited the Serafimer Hospital in Stockholm 2 years earlier. During the mid-1920's, the radiologist Erik Lysholm greatly improved the technique of ventriculography and, challenged by Olivecrona, his diagnostic neuroradiology became of superior quality. In the early 1930's, utilizing technical innovations of his own, Lysholm became a master at demonstrating and localizing posterior fossa tumors, which Olivecrona then operated on. Olivecrona's clinic became the mecca to which many scholars, thirsting for more knowledge, went on a pilgrimage. The international reputation of the clinic was founded, not on epoch-making discoveries, but by the resolute and practical application of methods already launched elsewhere and the exemplary organization that Olivecrona had established in collaboration with Lysholm. In spite of hardships and primitive working conditions, the clinic at the Serafimer Hospital gradually developed into the ideal prototype for a modern neurosurgical department. Olivecrona trained many colorful personalities who later were to lay the foundation for neurosurgery in their home countries; these included Wilhelm Tönnis of Germany, Edvard Busch of Denmark, and Aarno Snellman of Finland. Olivecrona was a true pioneer who made major contributions in practically all fields of conventional neurosurgery.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital.

The Mount Sinai Hospital was founded in 1852 under the name "The Jews' Hospital." Neurosurgery at Mount Sinai Hospital can be traced to the work of Dr. Charles Elsberg. In 1932, the Department of Neurosurgery was created under the direction of Dr. Ira Cohen. The history of neurosurgery at the Mount Sinai Hospital is recounted.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1997

Pitfalls and successes of peer review in neurosurgery.

As the first editor of the Journal of Neurosurgery, Louise Eisenhardt, acting with the advice of the editorial board, was responsible for making decisions on the acceptance or rejection of submitted manuscripts. Her log, covering the first 14 years of editorial decisions, is a record of neurosurgical progress and of the forces--scientific, technical and other--that shaped the field of neurosurgery. Any peer-review process is subject to pitfalls that become evident in retrospect, but an effective peer-review process is one of the basic ingredients of scientific progress. The decisions to accept or reject manuscripts submitted to the Journal of Neurosurgery during Eisenhardt's tenure are highlighted in this historical vignette.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2002

The early history of neurosurgery in Brazil.

This article describes the professional lives of the founders of neurological surgery in Brazil as well as the Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery. The pioneers were Augusto Brandão Filho, the first general surgeon to perform brain surgery in Brazil, and José Ribe Portugal and Elyseu Paglioli, the founders of the first two neurosurgery schools in Brazil. The Brazilian Society of Neurosurgery was founded in Brussels, Belgium, on July 26, 1957, during the First International Congress of Neurological Surgery, at the initiative of José Ribe Portugal and José Geraldo Albernaz.

Brazil↗