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PubMed2003

Health education and multimedia learning: educational psychology and health behavior theory (Part 1).

When health education researchers began to investigate how individuals make decisions related to health and the factors that influence health behaviors, they referred to frameworks shared by educational and learning research. Health education adopted the basic principles of the cognitive revolution, which were instrumental in advancing the field. There is currently a new challenge to confront: the widespread use of new technologies for health education. To better overcome this challenge, educational psychology and instructional technology theory should be considered. Unfortunately, the passion to incorporate new technologies too often overshadows how people learn or, in particular, how people learn through computer technologies. This two-part article explains how educational theory contributed to the early development of health behavior theory, describes the most relevant multimedia learning theories and constructs, and provides recommendations for developing multimedia health education programs and connecting theory and practice.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a multimedia project on users' knowledge about normal forgetting and serious memory loss.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the project was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a CD-ROM-based multimedia program as a tool to increase user's knowledge about the differences between "normal" forgetfulness and more serious memory loss associated with Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The research was a controlled randomized study conducted with 113 adults who were recruited from the community and who expressed a concern about memory loss in a family member. The intervention group (n=56) viewed a module entitled "Forgetfulness: What's Normal and What's Not" on a laptop computer in their homes; the control group (n=57) did not. Both groups completed a 25-item knowledge-about-memory-loss test (primary outcome) and a sociodemographic and technology usage questionnaire; the intervention group also completed a CD-ROM user's evaluation. RESULTS: The mean (SD) number of correct responses to the knowledge test was 14.2 (4.5) for controls and 19.7 (3.1) for intervention participants. This highly significant difference (p<0.001) corresponds to a very large effect size. The program was most effective for participants with a lower level of self-reported prior knowledge about memory loss and Alzheimer's disease (p=0.02). Viewers were very satisfied with the program and felt that it was easy to use and understand. They particularly valued having personal access to a confidential source that permitted them to become informed about memory loss without public disclosure. CONCLUSION: This multimedia CD-ROM technology program provides an efficient and effective means of teaching older adults about memory loss and ways to distinguish benign from serious memory loss. It uniquely balances public community outreach education and personal privacy.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

A comparison of written and multimedia material for informing patients about dental implants.

A study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of an information leaflet with a multimedia program in informing potential implant patients attending a dental hospital. The results show that both methods of presenting information are effective in informing patients; however, where the information to be presented is visual in nature, a multimedia presentation can have a more positive short-term effect than an equivalent leaflet.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of multimedia stories about American deaf celebrities on Taiwanese hearing students' attitudes toward job opportunities for the deaf.

In Taiwan, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people's attitudes toward deaf people's job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university presidents, professors, senior government officials, and movie stars, were developed. A multimedia computer reading program was developed in which graphic organizers, picture clues, video, and voice were integrated to make reading more exciting and pleasant. Materials were developed to be suitable for dissemination on CD. Regarding attitude change, all differences between pretests and posttests were statistically significant: Hearing students' attitudes toward deaf and hard of hearing people changed positively and significantly. It is recommended that the CD featuring American deaf celebrities be distributed to make hearing people understand deaf people's potential, and to contribute to an environment conducive to their employment in Taiwan.

Achievement↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of the Clinical Assessment project: a computer-based multimedia tool to assess problem-solving ability in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to describe Clinical Assessment, a computer-based multimedia patient simulation used to assess the problem-solving abilities of medical students and to evaluate its capacity to guide the assignment of course grade. METHODS: This was a multisite reviewer-blinded comparison of course grades, National Board of Medical Examiners pediatric examination score, and Clinical Assessment scores at 3 pediatric clerkship sites of the Harvard Medical School. Participants included 470 students completing their pediatric clerkships. Each student's performance on < or = 4 Clinical Assessment patient case simulations was compared with National Board of Medical Examiners pediatric examination scores and course grades assigned by clerkship directors based on overall ward performance. RESULTS: Data from both the National Board of Medical Examiners pediatric "shelf" examination and the course grade were available for 411 students who completed > or = 1 Clinical Assessment case. There was a strong correlation between Clinical Assessment score and course grade when comparing students receiving honors versus satisfactory category course grades. Students who ordered more expensive or greater numbers of laboratory tests did not achieve greater diagnostic accuracy on Clinical Assessment. Clinical Assessment had a high positive predictive value for course grade: 95% of students scoring > or = 90% on Clinical Assessment achieved an honors category course grade. CONCLUSIONS: Because nearly all of the students who scored very well on Clinical Assessment received honors category course grades, future high scorers on this examination merit consideration for assigning a high course grade. A computer-based multimedia patient simulation assessment tool provides objective information that can complement a student's National Board of Medical Examiners score and course grade and may assist in evaluating clinical problem-solving ability.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A web interface for multimedia electronic patient record: consensual validation of the Aquitaine Health Information Network prototypes.

The PromptPR patient record originates from the research and development project DILEMMA (1992-94) and has been undertaken in the context of the research project PROMPT (4th Framework Health Telematics). Here we present the work undertaken with the doctors of the project RISA (Réseau d'Information de Santé en Aquitaine) in order to adapt the patient record to their various practical medical conditions. Effectively, there are implications for general practitioners, the private sector and hospital personnel. The richness of the workgroup and the adoption of a participative methodology, guided by the demands of the end-users allowed the creation of an electronic patient record (EPR) sufficiently simple and generic as to serve as a common base for both general practitioners and hospital medical staff. Independent of this system, the multimedia interface presented is based on frames, which enables visualization of the EPR either vertically or horizontally, with access to both the multimedia and external documentation of the patient. This web interface is the result of a consensus of opinion within the group.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1997

[Characteristics of multimedia counseling: a study of an interactive TV system].

The purpose of this study was to investigate communication characteristics of multimedia counseling. Eye-contact through an interactive TV system was made possible, within three degrees of angle, with a camera attached on the TV screens. Counseling sessions with 18 clients were conducted to study differences among three conditions: audio only, interactive TV, and conventional face-to-face. The variables examined were information transmission, feeling communication, rapport building, overall evaluation, etc. Eighty-three per cent of the clients positively evaluated the interactive TV system, with all of its indices significantly higher than the audio only condition. However, rapport building with the system was significantly lower than the face-to-face condition. Two common factors found for the conditions were defenseless communication and counselor warmth. A larger TV screen might facilitate rapport building. More work is needed to study applicability of multimedia counseling, as well as to develop new effective counselor styles for the kind of counseling.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The evaluation of multimedia learning packages in the education of health professionals: experience of a musculoskeletal examination package.

The last 20 years have seen rapid technological developments within the field of information technology. The internet, sophisticated software packages and increased accessibility to computers have all opened opportunities for educators. Against this background, increasing numbers of multimedia learning packages are available to the health professional. In this paper, Pirashanthie Vivekananda-Schmidt, Andrew Hassell and Monica McLean discuss the methodological issues relating to the evaluation of such multimedia based learning tools, using the example of a specific package, Virtual Rheumatology. They discuss the reasons for the increasing interest in the area of computer-based learning, the available evidence supporting the use of such tools in education, and issues about the design and production of this CD. They then discuss the evaluation of the package to illustrate the considerable methodological difficulties in the research and evaluation of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) packages generally.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1997

Cardiomedia: a multimedia portable medical record on optical memory card.

The main objective of the CARDIOMEDIA project is to produce and evaluate a coronarian multimedia data record stored on an optical card. The experimentation concerns patients treated by angioplasty at university hospital of Rennes. Often patients treated in the Regional University Hospital are followed up by another Health structure closer to their home. The patient leaves hospital with his card, which is directly available elsewhere for emergency or for consultation. This will optimize the number of examinations and offer a better patient follow-up. The CARDIOMEDIA card is a specialized record which includes various data type: text, image, image sequence of coronarography and ECG signal. For this purpose optical card with its large memory size is very convenient. For medical imaging, we use in this project the DICOM format for image exchange and management, it is combined with a CARDIOMEDIA specific compressing software. For multimedia record, the HTML format and web intranet method are chosen, this allows intuitive interface which can combine various data type and helpers like DICOM image viewer.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗

PubMed1997

A JAVA-based multimedia tool for clinical practice guidelines.

We have developed a specific language for the representation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) and Windows C++ and platform independent JAVA applications for multimedia presentation and edition of electronically stored CPGs. This approach facilitates translation of guidelines and protocols from paper to computer-based flowchart representations. Users can navigate through the algorithm with a friendly user interface and access related multimedia information within the context of each clinical problem. CPGs can be stored in a computer server and distributed over the World Wide Web, facilitating dissemination, local adaptation, and use as a reference element in medical care. We have chosen the Agency for Health Care and Policy Research's heart failure guideline to demonstrate the capabilities of our tool.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1998

Some evaluation criteria for educational multimedia applications.

This article is a fragmented overview of my personal baggage and considerations of evaluation criteria for educational multimedia. So let me begin with the single most important evaluation criteria: Use you own common sense. Your first impression normally says a lot, and you will quite soon sense it if it is quality stuff you are dealing with. Having said that, of course a number of more or less explicit pedagogical and technical evaluation criteria can be formulated. For many years various bodies have produced checklists for the evaluation of educational software. Some are just headlines, others are more detailed. Notice that multimedia is not a new thing, only the word is. Ten years ago 'multi' meant text (and drawings). Now the technical communication tools have become more sophisticated, adding sound, photos and video to the scene, not forgetting improved and more easy interaction with the software. But it is still educational software. A number of previous evaluation studies have been excellently summarised and commented upon by Squires and McDougall [1]. Many others exist, e.g. back in 1985, 1987 helpful software evaluation guidelines were published by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada [2], and The Toronto Board of Education. [3].

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1998

An integrated multimedia medical information network system.

An integrated multimedia medical information network system at Shimane Medical university has been developed to organize medical information generated from each section and provide information services useful for education, research and clinical practice. The report describes the outline of our system. It is designed to serve as a distributed database for electronic medical records and images. We are developing the MML engine that is to be linked to the world wide web (WWW) network system. To the users, this system will present an integrated multimedia representation of the patient records, providing access to both the image and text-based data required for an effective clinical decision making and medical education.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1998

Using multimedia virtual patients to enhance the clinical curriculum for medical students.

Changes in the environment in which clinical medical education takes place in the United States has profoundly affected the quality of the learning experience. A shift to out-patient based care, minimization of hospitalization time, and shrinking clinical revenues has changed the teaching hospital or "classroom" to a degree that we must develop innovative approaches to medical education. One solution is the Virtual Patient Project. Utilizing state-of-the-art computer-based multimedia technology, we are building a library of simulated patient encounters that will serve to fill some of the educational gaps that the current health care system has created. This project is part of a newly formed and unique organization, the Harvard Medical School-Beth Israel Deaconess Mount Auburn Institute for Education and Research (the Institute), which supports in-house educational design, production, and faculty time to create Virtual Patients. These problem-based clinical cases allow the medical student to evaluate a patient at initial presentation, order diagnostic tests, observe the outcome and obtain context-sensitive feedback through a computer program designed at the Institute. Multimedia technology and authoring programs have reached a level of sophistication to allow content experts (the teaching faculty) to design and create the majority of the program themselves and to allow students to adapt the program to their individual learning needs.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1998

Telemedicine and medical informatics in the multimedia super corridor: the Malaysian vision.

The practice of medicine, with its wide range of environmental conditions and complex dependencies, has long been used as a test bed for various advanced technologies. Telemedicine, as conceptualised within the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) context, is seen as the application of several relatively mature technologiesartificial intelligence (AI), multimedia communication and information systems (IS) amongst othersso as to benefit a large cross-section of the Malaysian population. We will discuss in general terms the Malaysian vision on the comprehensive MSC telemedicine solution, its functionality and associated operational conditions. In particular, this paper focuses on the conceptualisation of one key telemedical component i.e. the Lifetime Health Plan (LHP) system, which is eventually intended to be a distributed multi-module application for the periodic monitoring and generation of health-care advisories for upwards of 20 million Malaysians.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed1999

Organization and dissemination of multimedia medical databases on the WWW.

In the paper, we focus on the problem of building and disseminating multimedia medical databases on the World Wide Web (WWW). The current results of the ongoing project of building a prototype dermatology images database and its WWW presentation are presented. The dermatology database is part of an ambitious plan concerning an organization of a network of medical institutions building distributed and federated multimedia databases of a much wider scale.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1999

Multimedia stimulation for psychophysiological investigation.

This paper describes a multimedia approach to sensory stimulation in psychophysiological studies. High resolution colour images are presented to a subject by a Delphi stimulus program, controlled by a data acquisition system which concurrently records cognitive Event Related Potentials from the subject. The acquisition PC is linked to the stimulus PC using serial communications and requests slide material using a character based protocol. The sound card in the data acquisition system can present concurrent complex auditory stimuli for multimedia experiments.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1999

Country report on multimedia and Internet for children and youth in Taiwan.

The actions of Taiwan government for promoting information education have being carried out since 1996. The main goal is to educate students of primary school and high school about the basic information knowledge and the internet. The actual actions will be described. There are many kind of multimedia CD titles in Taiwan market right now. The major types of multimedia CD titles will be discussed. And the difficulties of developing materials of CD titles will be discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Multimedia and children in Turkey.

Multimedia will be regarded as essential tools for children to create their new world. The effects of television on young children's life have been well studied. Television differs, however, from other media, including the movies, in its pervasive impact on children. Children spend more time watching television than any other activity except sleeping. Overall 31% of children spent at least 4 hours a day watching television during weekday and 71.7% during weekend in Turkey. Television's influence on children is a function of the length of time they spend watching and the cumulative effect of what they see. Television may be a cause as well as a solution for many serious childhood problems. Excessive viewing of television has also been linked to aggressive behavior, violence, childhood obesity. On the other hand, television may act as a socializing agent and as a learning tool if the recommendations of American Academy of Pediatrics is learned by pediatricians, parents and broadcasters. The use of home personal computers in urban residence increased from 3.2% in 1993 to 6.5% by January 1998 in Turkey. Around 20% of computer households reported owing a modem. Internet has been using only for 5 years in Turkey. Nearly 40% of computer households also used CD-ROM equipment. The percentage of schools that have a computer laboratory is only 2.64%. On the other hand, multimedia allows students to move away from a uniform education for everyone to assert individual identity, liberalize education and management. It seems likely that, within the next few years, most of the countries with substantial internet infrastructure will use the internet as the major medium for disseminating information, including information on children. To prepare students for such a world demands that educational systems make the best possible use of all knowledge and technologies currently available.

Child↗