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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

State of health of "non-respondents" in population studies of ischaemic heart disease in Moscow and Kaunas.

The authors analyse the results of medical examination of males aged 40-59 years in Moscow and Kaunas, divided into "respondents" and "non-respondents" in a population study of ischaemic heart disease. Among non-respondents, a higher incidence was found of such risk factors of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) as arterial hypertension, smoking, low physical activity and personality type A. On the other hand, hypercholesterolaemia was more frequent among respondents. Among non-respondents in Moscow as well as in Kaunas, there was a tendency towards a higher incidence of IHD and its clinical forms, and a higher proportion was treated over a longer period of time as out-patients or at hospital. The study proved the need to check the state of health of non-respondents in every mass screening of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Detection of antibodies against enterovirus 71 in the sera of Moscow residents].

Twenty three out of 55 serum samples obtained from subjects aged 20-55 years have proved to be seropositive, 15 of the positive serum samples (i.e. more than 50%) possessing the titer greater than or equal to 1:16. The presence of specific antibodies in the sera of the inhabitants of Moscow suggests that either enterovirus 71 or some other virus whose antigens are partly identical to those of enterovirus 71 apparently circulates among the population of Moscow.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[M.N. Nikiforov and the Moscow school of pathologists (on the 125th anniversary of his birth)].

The paper is devoted to the well-known Russian pathologist M. N. Nikiforov (1858-1915), the chief of the chair of pathology in the Moscow University (1857-1915). M. N. Nikiforov was a scientist who created a school of pathologists; he was the author of the first fundamental textbook of pathology in Russian, the founder of the Moscow scientific society of pathologists.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1984

[Distribution of acetylator phenotypes in the normal Moscow city population and in chronic alcoholism].

The distribution of acetylator phenotypes was studied in 169 normal individuals of Moscow Russian population and 75 inhabitants of Moscow suffering from chronic alcoholism. Polymorphism was found by means of acetylation in both groups studied. The proportion of repeatability of rapid and slow acetylators amounts to 48 and 52% among normal individuals, 44 and 56% among those who suffer from chronic alcoholism. The comparative analyses of such repeatability within the classes resulted in authentic increase of the rate of rapid acetylators among the chronic alcoholics (chi 2 = 18.32; p less than 0.01); in comparison with normal individual groups, (the modes being in classes 50-60% and 80-90%, with the antimode 70-80%), a shift of one of the modes from the 50-60% class into the 60-70% class was traced among diseased individuals. It is supposed that chronic alcohol consumption stimulates the process of acetylation; possible reasons for this stimulation are discussed.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1981

[Polymorphism and heterozygosity levels of the Russian population of Moscow: data for 22 gene loci coding blood proteins].

A group of 1916 Russian men donors was studied for 15 electrophoretic blood protein systems, coded by 22 protein loci: Transferrin (Tf), Haptoglobin (Hp)--2 loci, Group-specific component (Gc), Hemoglobin (Hb)--2 loci, Lactatdehydrogenase (LDH)--2 loci, Malatdehydrogenase (MDH), Erythrocyte esterase (Est)--4 loci, Albumen (Alb), 6-phosphogluconatdehydrogenase (6 PGD), Phosphoglucomutase (PGM)--2 loci, Esterase D (Est D), Adenosindesaminase (ADA), Acid Erythrocyte phosphatase (AcP), Glutamic transaminase (GPT) and Glioxalase-I (GLO-I). Ten loci were defined as polymorphic, the level of heterozygosity for cumulative loci was 0,1435 +/- 0,003. Moscow population was compared to major human races for the set of genetic characters--heterozygosity, correlation coefficient of single locus heterozygosity, a genetic distance. It has been shown that the extent of relation of ethnic groups to Moscow population decreases as follows: Caucasoids, Mongoloids, Negroids.

Asian People↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of various polymorphic markers of the CFTR gene in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy donors from the Moscow region].

Allelic frequencies at three polymorphic markers in the CFTR gene were detected on chromosomes derived from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy donors from Moscow and the Moscow region. These polymorphic markers are tetranucleotide tandem repeats GATT in intron 6B, M470V in exon 10, and T854T in exon 14 (fragment A). Frequencies at allele 1 of the M470V marker, along with allele 2 of GATT and T854T, are two times higher for CF patients without delta F508 mutation than for healthy donors, and there is linkage disequilibrium of these alleles of the polymorphic markers analyzed with the CF gene. Allele 1 of M470V and T854T markers, as well as allele 2 of the GATT marker (six repeats), are absolutely linked to mutation F508 of the CFTR gene. Using the polymorphic markers studied, family analysis of CF was carried out in two families.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

[Nutrition of pregnant women in Moscow and Ekaterinburg: requirements of basic nutrients].

Nutrient and energy intake was studied in 892 pregnant women during III trimester of pregnancy. Daily total protein intake was 65-66 g and animal protein made up 60% of total protein intake. Total fat consumption was 80-81 g, carbohydrates intake was 240-250 g. Total energy intake in Ekaterinburg's and Moscow's pregnant made up 2031 and 1978 kcal respectively. Body mass gain from I to III trimesters have formed about 9 kg or 0.41 kg per week. Body mass index (BMI) averaged 25,1 and 25,7 in Ekaterinburg's and Moscow's pregnant on day of survey. About 2,5% of women had BMI lower than 19,8. The results were compared with data of developed countries and conclusion was made about sufficient energy and macronutrient intakes, but fat intake was moderately high and formed 33-35% of total energy. The usefulness of Russian RDA are discussed for evaluation of results of dietary surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Air pollution and the prevalence of bronchial asthma among the pediatric population of Moscow].

The article presents results of descriptive epidemiologic study of bronchial asthma among children in Moscow where the incidence is steadily growing. Since 1947 average prevalence of bronchial asthma in Moscow has increased over 7 times, being considerably uneven over the territory. The average prevalence equals 6.9/1,000, but on 56% of the territory it is double higher. Sites of the higher occurrence are localized in the living area situated near the Zoo, horse races, perfume factory and other enterprises, near major automobile roads. Statistic analysis of the prevalence if correlated with concentrations of pollutants in the air proved that nitrogen oxides induce 60% of the cases. No differences in some risk factors (heredity, living conditions, etc.) were revealed by the poll among families of the ailing children residing in the districts with variable air pollution. The results helped to restructure pediatric allergologic service in the city.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1995

[Population risk of bronchial asthma occurrence in Moscow].

Age-specific prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma (BA) were estimated in a number of districts in Moscow. The average prevalence was measured as the current proportion of BA patients registered in district outpatient clinics of both the center and periphery of Moscow (2442 patients in total) among the entire population served by to these clinics. This proportion was found to be 0.5% for both men and women. Before 25 years of age, BA appeared to be commoner in males (0.57%, versus 0.3% in females); after 40 years of age, it was commoner in females (0.89%, versus 0.47% in males). The morbidity of the disease measured as the frequency of new cases of BA (diagnosed for the first time in the given patient) had two maximums for each gender: in females, between birth and nine years of age and at 45-54 years (0.39 and 0.45%, respectively) and in males, between birth and nine years and at 55-64 years (0.75 and 0.74%, respectively); and a minimum at 20-29 years of age (0.14 and 0.05% for females and males, respectively). The majority (80%) of adult BA patients were first diagnosed with BA in adulthood. The dynamics of BA incidence appeared to differ in males and females. The male incidence changed more drastically with age, while the incidence in adult females reached a maximum 10 years earlier than in adult males. The population risk of being registered for BA (accumulated morbidity) by the age of 15, 40, and 80 was 0.98, 1.35, and 2.97%, respectively, for males and 0.58, 0.95, and 2.13%, respectively, for females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Mutagenicity of drinking water in various districts of Moscow].

The mutagenicity of the drinking water from 16 districts of Moscow was investigated by analyzing of chromosome aberrations induced in cells of Crepis capilaris seeds used as a plant test system. Cytogenetic analysis revealed mutagenic activity in drinking water samples from four administrative regions, namely the Biryulevo-Zapadnoe district of Southern region (2.4%), Obruchevskii district of the Southwestern region (1.61%), Severnoe Tushino district of the Northwestern region (1.45%), and Perovo district of the Western region (1.18%). The frequency of chromosome aberrations found was significantly higher than in the spontaneous control (0.37%). Mutagenic activity was not detected in water samples taken from the Moscow oblast and from four open reservoirs.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of puberty levels in girls of Moscow].

In the past 20 years, puberty has tended to change among the female population of Moscow. The menarche age has increased from 12.6 to 13.0 years. Increases in the variability of this parameter was revealed. The findings suggest that further rise in puberty age can be expected among Moscow girls in the nearest future. This generates the need to pay more attention to the physical development of adolescents, a future productive and reproductive potential of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[The comparative clinico-immunological characteristics of the course of mandibular fractures in patients in Yakutsk and Moscow].

Ninety-seven patients with mandibular fractures were examined: 55 in Yakutsk and 42 in Moscow. In the Yakutsk patients the inflammatory process much more frequently progressed to the development of infectious inflammatory complications at the site of fracture than in Moscow. More expressed shifts in the immunogram were observed mainly in the patients who later developed infectious inflammatory complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Multicenter study of Staphylococcus susceptibility to antibiotics in Moscow and St. Petersburg].

Antibiotic susceptibility of 898 Staphylococcus strains isolated in 9 medical centres of Moscow and St. Petersburg was tested. The frequency of methicillin resistant staphylococci (MRS) ranged from 0 to 40 per cent for Staphylococcus aureus and from 0 to 65.9 per cent for coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). The highest frequencies of MRS were in hematologic, oncologic and traumatologic units as well as in intensive care units for newborns. The frequencies of MRS in St. Petersburg were much lower than those in Moscow. Among the methicillin susceptible staphylococci the frequency of the isolates that produced beta-lactamases amounted to 81 per cent for S. aureus and to 60 per cent for CNS. Practically 100 per cent of the isolates was susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam and cephalosporins of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations. 86-99 per cent of the isolates was susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxasole. All the MRS isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. 95, 84 and 70 per cent of the S.aureus strains were susceptible to fusidin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The susceptibility of the CNS isolates was somewhat lower.

Ampicillin Resistance↗
PubMed1988

Mousepox in inbred mice innately resistant or susceptible to lethal infection with ectromelia virus. IV. Studies with the Moscow strain.

The pathogenesis and transmission of infection with the Moscow strain of ectromelia virus were studied in inbred mice. BALB/cAnNcr had high morbidity and mortality and C57BL/6Ncr (B6) mice had high morbidity and low mortality. Virus was detected in B6 mice for 2 weeks after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation and infected mice developed lesions compatible with acute mousepox. B6 inoculated by footpad transmitted infection to cagemates for up to five weeks and soiled cages that had housed infected mice were infectious for three weeks. S.c.-inoculated B6 mice also transmitted by contact for 2 weeks. Transmission was attributed to oronasal excretion of virus. Airborne transmission of infection between adjacent cages occurred at a low rate. Ectromelia virus-free progeny were derived from previously infected dams. These studies indicate that the highly virulent and infectious Moscow strain of ectromelia virus caused self-limiting infection in inbred mice and that direct contact is the most efficient means of transmission. These findings support the concept that mousepox can be contained by husbandry practices that minimize or eliminate the spread of infection by direct contact or fomites.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Relative biological effectiveness of proton medical beam at Moscow synchrotron determined by the Chinese hamster cells assay.

PURPOSE: Assessment of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the proton medical beam at Moscow synchrotron. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was performed at Moscow proton medical facility (Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics). Relative biological effectiveness of the synchrotron proton beam was assessed at the entry of the unmodulated 179 MeV beam and in the center of spread out Bragg peak (SOBP), from measurements of the survival of Chinese hamster cells (clone 431). Gamma-radiation of 60Co was used as a reference source. RESULTS: According to the linear regression model, mean RBE values at 37% survival level were found to be 1.10 +/- 0.04 at the beam entry and 1.14 +/- 0.05 in the center of SOBP. Values of RBE obtained using the linear-quadratic model for 10% and 37% survival levels were 1.09 and 1.07, respectively, at the beam entry and 1.07 and 1.08, respectively, in the center of SOBP. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate that (a) the RBE values at the entry of the unmodulated beam and at the center of the SOBP are in close agreement, with an average of about 1.10; (b) protons are radiobiologically somewhat more effective than 60Co gamma rays; and, (c) high pulse dose rate of the medical beam does not significantly affect biological effects of the beam.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Ultrastructure and affinity of Lower Carboniferous megaspores from the Moscow Basin, Russia.

Ten megaspore species isolated from Moscow Basin lignites of Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) age have been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). These species belong to seven megaspore genera: Lagenicula, Sublagenicula, Crassilagenicula, Setosisporites, Zonalesporites, Caudatosporites, and Cystosporites. Megaspores of the genus Caudatosporites have only been described previously from the Duckmantian (Westphalian B); a new species is duly erected. The ultrastructure of megaspore walls from the genera Crassilagenicula and Zonalesporites has not been previously described. This study also places them in context with other contemporaneous megaspores. The study shows that during the Viséan, in the Moscow Basin, megaspores expressed a similar wall ultrastructure despite large differences in external appearance. The genus Crassilagenicula may represent a group of megaspores from plants that had evolved from those bearing gulate megaspores here typified by Lagenicula acuminata, Setosisporites brevispinosus, and Sublagenicula hirsutoida. Zonalesporites brasserti also appears to show affinities to this group, and may be representative of a plant species in a transitional state between the Lagenicula bearing lycopsids and those more isoetalean in nature.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Regional variation in Russian medical insurance: lessons from Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.

The implementation of Russia's 1993 legislation on obligatory medical insurance has been characterized by wide regional variation. Two areas in particular illustrate this phenomenon: for the last five years Moscow has enjoyed a sophisticated, well-developed insurance system, while the Nizhny Novgorod region has only recently taken the most rudimentary steps toward implementation of the law. Despite their radically differing approaches to the market-based insurance reforms, however, Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod continue to enjoy roughly the same quality of available health care services, at similar costs to consumers. They also suffer some of the same continued systemic defects inherited from the Soviet era. A comparison of the two regions demonstrates that, while reform of the Soviet health care system was desperately needed, the Russian version of obligatory medical insurance has not proved to be the panacea its architects intended. In fact, even its original pioneers are now moving forward with new schemes to correct some of its deficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Antigenic divergence between Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates from Moscow, Russia, and vaccine strains.

We analyzed temporal changes in the frequencies of the ptxA, prn, fim2, and fim3 alleles in Bordetella pertussis strains isolated from pertussis patients in Moscow, Russia, from 1948 to 2004. The three strains used for the whole-cell vaccine harbored the alleles ptxA2, ptxA4, prn1, fim2-1, and fim3A. Vaccine-type alleles of ptxA (ptxA2 and ptxA4) were characteristic for all prevaccination strains and for 96% of the strains isolated in the 1960s and 1970s. At the beginning of the 1970s, ptxA2 and ptxA4 were replaced by the ptxA1 allele. In the 1980s and to the present, strains with ptxA1 were predominant in the B. pertussis population. All prevaccination strains harbored the prn1 allele, which corresponds to the vaccine-type allele. In subsequent years, the proportion of strains with the prn1 allele decreased and the proportion of prn3 and prn2 strains increased. From 2002 to 2004 strains with prn2 or prn3 were predominant in the B. pertussis population. The vaccine-type alleles fim2-1 and fim3A were found in all prevaccination strains and in 92% of the strains isolated from 1960 to 1989. The fim2-2 and fim3B alleles were first observed at the beginning of the 1980s. In subsequent years, these strains became predominant. Together with waning immunity, the antigenic divergence between vaccine strains and clinical isolates observed in the Moscow area may explain the persistence of pertussis, despite the high rates of vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate that the selection of B. pertussis strains for vaccine manufacturing must be based on a thorough study of the B. pertussis population.

Antigenic Variation↗