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PubMed1993

[The theory of migration].

"The present and expected migration flows in Europe require a detailed analysis of determinants and elements of migration decisions. This survey encompasses a view on classical--labor market and demand side oriented--theories, the more recent human capital approach as well as on migration under asymmetric information. Since these theories so far yield an unsatisfactory basis for description and forecasting of multilateral migration flows, a closer look at empirical methods of migration research is taken. Consequently, a description of possible policy oriented applications of the gravity model and the random utility approach, with their descriptive and normative characteristics, is given." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Behavior↗
PubMed1995

The immigration of Asian professionals to the United States: 1988-1990.

"This article examines recent flows of Asian professionals to the United States based on the Immigration and Naturalization Service data for the fiscal years 1988-1990. Three specific dimensions of the Asian migration stream were investigated, namely, size, composition and mode of entry. The results show that Asians emerge as a dominant group in the immigration of all professionals. An examination of mode of entry indicates an existing demand for foreign professionals of certain occupational backgrounds in the U.S. labor market.... The argument that the outflow of the highly trained Asians is simply a matter of migration and education is not fully supported by the data."

Americas↗
PubMed1995

Economic integration and labor flows: stage migration in farm labor markets in Mexico and the United States.

"This article examines the probable effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on migration from Mexico to the United States, disputing the view that expansion of jobs in Mexico could rapidly reduce undocumented migration. To the extent that NAFTA causes Mexican export agriculture to expand, migration to the United States will increase rather than decrease in the short run. Data collected in both California and the Mexican State of Baja California show that indigenous migrants from southern Mexico typically first undertake internal migration, which lowers the costs and risks of U.S. migration. Two features of employment in export agriculture were found to be specially significant in lowering the costs of U.S. migration: first, working in export agriculture exposes migrants to more diverse social networks and information about U.S. migration; second, agro-export employment in northern Mexico provides stable employment, albeit low-wage employment, for some members of the family close to the border (especially women and children) while allowing other members of the family to assume the risks of U.S. migration."

Agriculture↗
PubMed1996

[Migration in the countries of the European Economic Area].

"During the last decade the number of migrants entering the European Economic Area has increased considerably. The governments in many countries have responded to this increase by implementing restrictive immigration policies. Most countries forecast a decline in net migration." Information is provided on push and pull factors, net migration, asylum applications, and forecasts are made for the years 2000 to 2010. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed1997

Network migration of ethnic Germans.

"This study has argued that network migration is central to actual migratory movements, which suggests that its determinants should be carefully investigated. The analysis demonstrates that the network behavior of ethnic Germans can be explained, to a large degree, by observable characteristics. Two crucial variables were investigated, namely the connections to friends from the country of origin and the settlement close to relatives and friends. East Europeans, especially from Rumania, are significantly more connected to friends from the same country of origin than are East Germans. These connections strongly decline with duration of residence and presence in rural areas. Older people are more likely to settle close to friends or relatives at the time of immigration. Population density increases, education, length of stay in a reception camp, and per capita government expenditures decrease the likelihood of such a settlement."

Culture↗
PubMed1996

Individual characteristics and the propensity to migrate: a logit analysis.

"The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between individual human resource characteristics and the propensity to migrate or not to migrate. The analysis emphasises the individual characteristics that distinguish migrants from the rest of the nonmigrant population at the origin areas of the migrants.... This study adopts a logit specification in analysing the relationships between individual human resource characteristics and the propensity to migrate."

Behavior↗
PubMed1998

Effect of the economy on international migration flows.

"This article examines the relationship between economic growth and international migration. On the basis of regression analysis of immigration into the Netherlands it may be concluded that a rise in unemployment in the Netherlands has a negative influence on immigration. A rise in unemployment in the country of origin of migrants has a positive effect on the migration to the Netherlands."

Demography↗
PubMed1983

Demographic and related determinants of recent Cuban emigration.

"This article highlights some of the principal demographic determinants of recent Cuban emigration, while also considering how these demographic variables interact with other social and economic determinants, utilizing a broad conceptualization of emigration. It also makes reference to Cuban military activities abroad. The conclusions that follow suggest that labor migration is more responsive to demographic factors than some theorists assume."

Americas↗
PubMed1993

[Immigrants facing retirement: to stay or to return?].

"Nowadays 75% of foreigners living in Switzerland have a permanent residence permit. A new phenomenon goes along with this stabilisation: the aging of this resident foreign population, especially Italians and Spaniards who arrived in Switzerland in the fifties and sixties. This trend will have definite consequences on the costs of Swiss social security benefits. Our research project aims at clarifying which factors influence those immigrants who are near retirement to decide whether to stay or go back to their home countries." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND GER)

Behavior↗