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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Comparison between the direct capillary tube leucocyte migration technique (LMCT) and the direct agarose leucocyte migration technique (LMAT) as indicators of tumour-directed cell-mediated hypersensitivity (TCMH) in patients with renal carcinoma.

A comparison was made between the direct capillary tube leucocyte migration technique (LMCT) and the direct agarose leucocyte migration technique (LMAT) using crude homogenates of tumour tissue as antigen in patients with renal carcinoma. A state of specifically altered reactivity of leucocytes from patients with renal carcinoma as compared with normal control persons towards allogeneic hypernephroma extracts could be detected in the LMCT but not in the LMAT. The reactivity in the LMCT was manifest at protein concentrations of 300 and 400 mug/ml. The study indicates that in contrast to the LMCT, the LMAT cannot be used for detection of TCMH towards allogeneic hypernephroma tissue extracts in patients with renal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1973

Inhibition of migration of mouse macrophages by tuberculin-sensitive mouse lymphocytes and by mouse migration inhibitory factor.

The guinea pig migration inhibition technique, an accepted in vitro correlate of delayed hypersensitivity, has been adapted to a murine system. Peritoneal exudate cells from CF-1 mice vaccinated with viable cells of the H37Ra strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were inhibited in vitro by purified protein derivative (PPD) or whole H37Ra microorganisms. Peritoneal exudate cells from the inbred C57Bl/6 mice immunized with H37Ra cells also were inhibited in vitro by PPD or whole H37Ra microorganisms. Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was produced by splenic lymphocytes from the H37Ra-immunized C57Bl/6 mice when incubated with either antigen. Intravenous injection of PPD or viable H37Ra organisms into H37Ra mice resulted in MIF production in vitro by splenic lymphocytes without further antigenic stimulation. Peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmunized C57Bl/6 mice and supernatant fluids from cultures of lymphocytes from nonimmunized C57Bl/6 mice were not inhibited in the presence of antigen. The production of MIF by splenic lymphocytes from immunized C57Bl/6 mice depended upon the conditions under which the lymphocytes were cultured, the time of exposure to antigen (3 days), the use of a higher concentration of PPD for stimulation of lymphocytes than that required for guinea pig cells, and also the use of cells from a highly inbred mouse strain.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the pathogenic mechanism of beta-lactam hypersensitivity by the detection of leucocyte migration activating factor and leucocyte migration inhibitory factor--structural correlations with allergic symptoms due to beta-lactam antibiotics].

Structural correlations between allergic symptoms and beta-lactam antibiotics were investigated by the use of leucocyte migration inhibition tests on 147 patients in whom allergy to the drugs was detected from among 193 patients suspected of having beta-lactam hypersensitivity. No significant difference was found in the allergic symptoms between the mother nucleus structure of beta-lactam antibiotics or the C-3 side chain structure of cephem antibiotics. But, in both beta-lactam and cephem antibiotics, those with an aminothiazolyl group in the acylamido in their side chain structure induced fever or hepatopathy significantly more often than skin eruption. In contrast, drugs with a benzyl group induced skin eruptions significantly more often than hepatopathy. Leucocyte migration activating factor (LMAF) was found significantly more often than leucocyte inhibitory factor in patients with fever or hepatopathy, and cephem antibiotics with an aminothiazolyl group in the 7-acylamido side chain produced LMAF at a very high rate (80%). Our findings indicate that the specificity of the chemical structure of beta-lactam antibiotics and allergic symptoms is dependent on the acylamido side chain structure, and an aminothiazolyl group structure has a high capability of inducing fever or hepatopathy. Moreover, the high LMAF-inducing ability of the aminothiazolyl group structure is involved in this pathogenic mechanism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Differential expression of migration inhibitory and migration stimulatory factors in two lines of mice genetically selected for high or low responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin. 2. Effects of mitogenic or allogeneic stimulation.

Expression of migration inhibition factor (MIF) following in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or allogeneic cells was explored in two lines of mice genetically selected for the high (Hi/PHA) or low (Lo/PHA) response of their lymphoid cells to PHA. Hi/PHA mice also have greater cell-mediated immune responses in mixed lymphocyte culture and graft-versus-host reactions, the poorer cell-mediated immune response of Lo/PHA being accompanied by a higher frequency of malignant tumours. Expression of MIF in PHA-pulsed spleen cell supernatants measured by a sensitive photoelectric method was found to be modulated by the concomitant presence of migration stimulation factor (MStF) derived from T cells. Both lymphokines were better expressed in Lo/PHA, as compared to Hi/PHA, under appropriate experimental conditions. Use of a low proliferative dose of mitogen (5 micrograms/ml PHA, 2-hour pulse) followed by culture in serum-free medium led Lo/PHA to express the highest titres of MIF, whereas a proliferative dose of PHA (50 micrograms/ml, 2-hour pulse) caused abrogation or occultation of expression of MIF and elective expression of MStF in this line. Hi/PHA mice expressed MIF equally at both mitogen doses, with transient expression of MStF followed by MIF after 50 micrograms/ml PHA, the kinetics of expression of the two lymphokines being different. Expression of MStF by spleen cells was an early event after PHA stimulation. In contrast to mitogenic stimulation, allogeneic stimulation in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture led to similar expression of MIF by both lines of mice. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) and migration stimulation factor (MStF) by CD4+ and CD8+ human lymphocytes subsets and T-cell clones.

The production of the lymphokines leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) and migration stimulation factor (MStF) at the level of CD4+ and CD8+ human lymphocyte subsets was investigated. In a first series of experiments, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies capable of inhibiting the activation by concanavalin-A (Con-A) of the respective T-cell subset were used. It was observed that when CD8+ cell activation was blocked, LIF was always produced after Con-A activation. When CD4+ cell activation was blocked, MStF was produced in five out of nine experiments (no activity in the other four). The addition of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to block LIF in supernatants of anti-CD8 treated cells was unable to show evidence of masked MStF activity. In a second series of experiments, T-cell clones were established from continuous growing T-lymphocyte cell lines developed from cultures of Con-A activated normal human leukocyte cultures. The phenotype of 22 clones was determined and their ability to produce LIF or MStF investigated. Four clones produced MStF after Con-A activation and all of them were CD3+, CD4-, CD8+. Three clones produced LIF after Con-A activation and all of them were CD3+, CD4+, CD8-. We conclude that LIF is produced by CD4+ cells and MStF by CD8+ cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1979

Effects of dialyzable leukocyte extracts with transfer factor activity on leukocyte migration in vitro. 1. Antigen-dependent inhibition and antigen-independent inhibition and enhancement of migration.

The effects of DLE containing TFd activity from immune human donors on PBL, obtained from individuals nonresponsive to either PPD or Cocci antigen, were evaluated in vitro by the agarose LMl technique. Several different preparations of DLE were employed to evaluate the specificity and reproducibility of the effects: (1) from donors skin test positive to PPD but negative to Cocci, (2) from donors skin test negative to PPD but positive to Cocci, (3) from donors skin test positive to both antigens, and (4) from donors skin test negative to both antigens. With PBL from other human donors used as target cells in the direct agarose LMi technique, three types of effects were demonstrated for all preparations of DLE: (1) antigen-dependent specific LMl, (2) antigen-independent or nonspecific LMl, and (3) antigen-independent enhancement of migration. The demonstration of each activity was found to depend on the concentration of DLE used and the time allowed for migration. In experiments employing purified PMN and MNL as target cells and a two-step indirect LMl assay, it was shown that the antigen-independent effects resulted from the direct of components in DLE on PMN. The antigen-independent inhibition was shown not to result from toxic effects of DLE. It was produced by DLE but not by dialyzable liver or skin extracts when tested using an amount equivalent to DLE as judged by the absorbance at 260 and 280 nm. The antigen-dependent LMl was found to require secretion of a soluble mediator of molecular weight near 69,000, believed to be LMl. Our results indicate that the agarose LMl technique is a useful in vitro assay for studies of the mechanism of action of components in DLE which can specifically convert nonimmune lymphocytes to a measurable antigen-sensitive state (i.e., transfer factor). The antigen-independent effects of DLE may be responsible in part for previously reported nonspecific beneficial effects of DLE when used in immunotherapy.

Antigens↗
PubMed1977

Leucocyte migration inhibition test as an index of immunological response to measles virus I. Effect of the environment and measles virus on migration of monkey leucocytes.

The parameters of migration inhibition test of leucocytes isolated both from the peripheral blood, spleen and lymph nodes of monkeys Cercopithecus aethiops were determined. Concentration of measles virus that does not produce nonspecific migration inhibition of leucocyte obtained from sero-negative animals was also defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Migration policies and return migration with particular reference to Yugoslavia.

"The essay analyses some of the most recent migratory trends in Europe in the light of labour turnover, integration and assimilation. The author states that [since] World War II the expansion of the European and international capitalistic system has encouraged or discouraged, according to the various circumstances, the transferral of workers to different countries. "Particular attention has been given to the case of Yugoslavia. The changing of its migration policies has often coincided with the different modalities of flows." (summary in FRE)

Demography↗
PubMed1994

[Women in the labor force and migration. The female labor market between 1950 and 1990 and female migration to Santiago, Chile].

"This article examines the relationships between changes in the volume, relative importance and growth rates of female migration to Santiago [Chile], and modifications in the structure of the female labour market during the past four decades. It also analyzes changes in the characteristics of occupational insertion of migrants as compared to non-migrant women." The author investigates the impact of modernization, education, access to contraceptives, rural labor markets, and development strategies. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Americas↗
PubMed1991

Factors determining the migration of astrocytes into the developing retina: migration does not depend on intact axons or patent vessels.

Astrocytes migrate into the cat retina from the optic nerve, beginning from embryonic day (E) 52. Once they have entered the retina they concentrate along major axon bundles and fail to enter regions of the retina with high densities of neurones, in particular the area centralis region of the ganglion cell layer. These nonuniformities appear as the astrocytes spread over the retina during development, and in this study we have examined factors that might control their spread. First we examined astrocytes in a retina in which the axon bundles had degenerated following an optic nerve lesion at birth. The area over which astrocytes had spread was normal, suggesting that their spread does not depend on the presence of intact axons. Second, we noted that, despite the degeneration of all ganglion cells following the nerve lesion, astrocytes still did not spread over the area centralis. Their spread is apparently not inhibited by concentrations of neurones. Third, we examined astrocytes in retinas of animals raised in an atmosphere containing 70-80% oxygen, which prevents the formation of retinal vessels. Again, the area over which the astrocytes had spread was normal, suggesting that their spread does not depend on the presence of patent blood vessels. These negative findings led us to compare the distribution of spindle cells (precursors of retinal vasculature) and astrocytes in the cat during development. The close correspondence in their topographical distribution and the earlier spread of the spindle cells lead us to suggest that spindle cells provide a basal lamina component that may guide the migration of astrocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Migration-stimulating factor displays HEXXH-dependent catalytic activity important for promoting tumor cell migration.

Like most extracellular matrix (ECM) components, fibronectin (Fn) is proteolyzed generating specific activities. Fibronectin proteinase (Fn-proteinase) represents such a cryptic activity located in the gelatin-binding domain (GBD) of Fn and displays a zinc metalloproteinase activity. The migration-stimulating factor (MSF) is a truncated Fn isoform generated by alternative mRNA splicing and corresponds to the N-terminal part of Fn that comprises the GBD. We show that several human mammary epithelial cells express MSF and constitutively produce Fn-proteinase activity. Furthermore, recombinant MSF produced by HEK-293 and MCF-7 cells possesses a constitutive Fn-proteinase activity. Mutating the putative zinc-binding motif, HEXXH, of the protein abolishes its activity thereby demonstrating its specificity. Using PCR, we showed that MSF is barely expressed in normal breast tissues, whereas its expression is significantly increased in tumors. Furthermore, an association between MSF expression and invasive capacity is observed in various breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Indeed, when stably transfected in non-invasive MCF-7 cells, MSF promotes cell migration in a mechanism mostly dependent on its Fn-proteinase activity. In summary, our study shows that: (i) MSF displays constitutive Fn-proteinase activity; (ii) MSF expression is induced in human breast cancer; and (iii) MSF confers pro-migratory activity that depends mostly on its Fn-proteinase activity. These results suggest that MSF may be involved in tumor progression.

Alternative Splicing↗
PubMed2000

A novel migration-related gene product, doublecortin, in neuronal migration disorder of fetuses and infants with Zellweger syndrome.

Immunohistochemical expression of doublecortin (DCX), KIAA0369 (KIA) and LIS1 proteins as well as nestin and vimentin in the cerebral cortices of six patients with Zellweger syndrome (ZS), aged 19 gestational weeks (GW) to 8 months, was compared with that in nine controls, aged 12 GW to 8 months. DCX immunoreactivity was apparently reduced in ZS, particularly in the cortical plate of fetuses, and in the subependymal foci of heterotopic neurons of the infants. Reduced expression of DCX in ZS was confirmed by Western blot analysis. On the other hand, neuronal expression of nestin was high in the cortical plate, migrating cells of the white matter and germinal cells in the ventricular zone in fetuses with ZS. Immunoreactivities for KIA, LIS1 and vimentin in ZS were comparable to those of controls. Reduced expression of DCX may be responsible for the neuronal migration disorder, and increased expression of nestin may be another evidence for delayed neuronal maturation in ZS.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1991

Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the rat: comparison of the effects of gamma and UV-B irradiation on the migration of dendritic cells and Lymphocytes.

To further define the underlying mechanisms of immune suppression induced by UV-B irradiation, we have examined the kinetics of homing patterns of in vitro UV-B-irradiated and gamma-irradiated-thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) compared to dendritic cells (DC). Our findings show that 111In-oxine-labeled TDL specifically home to the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow with subsequent recirculation of a large number of cells from the spleen to lymph nodes. In contrast, DC preferentially migrate to the spleen and liver with a relatively insignificant distribution to lymph nodes and an absence of subsequent recirculation. Splenectomy prior to cell injection significantly diverts the spleen-seeking DC to the liver but not to the lymph nodes, while the homing of TDL to lymph nodes is significantly increased. In vitro exposure of 111In-oxine labeled TDL to gamma irradiation does not significantly impair immediate homing to lymphoid tissues but inhibits cell recirculation between 3 and 24 hr. In contrast, gamma irradiation does not affect the tissue distribution of labeled DC, suggesting that DC are more radioresistant to gamma irradiation than TDL. Unlike the findings in animals injected with gamma-irradiated cells, UV-B irradiation virtually abolished the homing of TDL to lymph nodes and significantly reduced the homing of the spleen-seeking DC to the splenic compartment while a large number of cells were sequestered in the liver. The results of in vitro cell binding assay show that TDL, unlike DC, have the capacity to bind to high endothelial venules (HEV) within lymph node frozen sections while gamma and UV-B irradiation significantly inhibit the binding of TDL to lymph node HEV. These findings suggest that: (i) DC, unlike TDL, are unable to recirculate from blood to lymph nodes through HEV; (ii) although gamma irradiation impairs TDL recirculation, it does not affect DC tissue distribution; and (iii) UV-B irradiation impairs both TDL and DC migration patterns. We conclude that the lack of capacity of irradiated TDL to home to lymph nodes is due to damage to cell surface homing receptors and that the failure of DC to home to the lymph node microenvironment is related to the absence of HEV homing receptors on their cell surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Simple methods for the assessment of migration areas in lymphocyte migration under agarose.

Two methods are described for the assessment of lymphocyte migration areas. One, based on the principle of point counting, allows precise area determination by the aid of a small, transparent grid. The other, similar method with appropriately spaced circles might be used for the classification of such migration areas whose shape approach a circle.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1991

Leucocyte migration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss [Walbaum]): optimization of migration conditions and responses to host and pathogen (Diphyllobothrium dendriticum [Nitzsch]) derived chemoattractants.

A rainbow trout leucocyte-derived chemoattractant(s) was prepared and tested as a stimulant of leucocyte migration. It was used to optimize an in vitro leucocyte migration assay using a 48-well micro chemotaxis chamber. This assay has subsequently been used to test the chemoattractant activity of antigen extracts from the tegument of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum plerocercoids and conditioned medium obtained after in vitro maintenance of live plerocercoids. Leucocytes were found to have an increased directional motility (chemotactic response) to the host-derived chemoattractant(s) but a random increased motility (chemokinetic response) following stimulation/contact with parasite-derived antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

ApoA-I/phosphatidylcholine discs remodels fast-migrating HDL into slow-migrating HDL as characterized by capillary isotachophoresis.

OBJECTIVE: Capillary isotachophoresis (cITP) is a technique for characterizing plasma lipoprotein subfractions according to their electrophoretic charges. We used this technique to examine the mechanism by which apoA-I/phosphatidylcholine (POPC) discs increase pre-beta HDL. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cITP analysis was performed using plasma prestained with a lipophilic dye on a Beckman P/ACE MDQ system. Plasma from a patient with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency who had increased apoE-containing HDL was used to characterize the charge distribution of apoA-I/POPC discs. cITP analysis of apoB- and E-depleted plasma of the patient in the presence of apoA-I/POPC discs indicated two major subfractions of apoA-I/POPC discs with mobilities of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (fast and slow apoA-I). Incubation of whole plasma from a normolipidemic subject in the presence of apoA-I/POPC discs caused a reduction in cITP fast (f)- and intermediate (i)-migrating HDL, and fast and slow apoA-I, and an increase in slow (s)-migrating HDL. The changes in cITP lipoprotein subfractions were not affected by the inhibition of LCAT activity. ApoA-I/POPC discs increased the fractional esterification rate of cholesterol in apoB-depleted plasma. CONCLUSION: ApoA-I/POPC discs remodeled cITP fHDL and iHDL to sHDL independent of LCAT activity.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed2000

Visualization of solute migration in chromatographic columns quantitation of the concentration in a migrating zone.

The concentration distribution across a zone of iodine migrating along a column made of glass, packed with C18-bonded silica, and eluted with carbon tetrachloride was derived from a quantitative analysis of the photographs of the zone. The photographs were scanned and turned into digital images. The intensity distributions obtained from the measurement of the grayscale intensity were converted into concentration profiles using a calibration method. This procedure is illustrated and suitable corrections are introduced to account for the transverse variation of the optical path length, as a result of using a cylindrical detector cell (the column itself), and for the refraction of light due to the differences between the refraction indices of the glass wall and the liquids involved. An error analysis is also reported. It shows that the method can reliably produce results with a precision of a few percent, allowing on-column evaluation of column performance and the derivation of the radial distributions of the column efficiency, the migration velocity of the zone, and the sample distribution at the head of the column.

Calibration↗