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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Survey of anesthesia practice in Morocco].

OBJECTIVE: To estimate qualitatively and quantitatively the anaesthetic activity in Morocco to identify of the priorities and the norm to recommend. STUDY DESIGN: The investigation was realised from July 1999 to December 1999. It lasted seven days from Tuesday 8 PM to the following Tuesday 8 PM. A questionnaire was addressed to each hospital. One responsible has been chosen for each city. Data has been processed using the programming languages Microsoft Visual Basic. SETTING: All Moroccan's hospitals practicing anaesthesia: university hospitals (UH), public hospitals (PH), and private sector (PS). PATIENTS: All anaesthetic procedures realised by an anaesthetists; anaesthesia in medical office or dental surgery was excluded. RESULTS: An inventory of 2,630 anaesthesia was made. Anaesthesia distribution according to the type of hospitals was the same; PH = 35.7%, UH = 34.3% and PS = 29.96%. The preanaesthetic consultation was achieved in 47% of cases. Premedication was done in 28.5% of cases. General anaesthesia represented 3/4 of total anaesthesia. Thiopental was the drug the more frequently used. Gallamine and pethidine were still used in PH. Locoregional anaesthesia was realised in only 15% of cases. Electrocardioscopic surveillance not constant (65%), capnography almost absent in PH, pulse oximetry used in UH and PS. Ambulatory anaesthesia was used in 20% and emergency surgery in 30% of cases. CONCLUSION: Questioning about the Moroccan practice of anaesthesia is raised by this survey mostly because of drugs and monitoring use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Mucopolysaccharidosis type I in Morocco: clinical features and genetic profile].

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited metabolic disorders due to lysosomal enzyme deficiencies, leading to glycosaminoglycan accumulation in lysosomes of different tissues. The aim of this study was to characterize MPS types, particularly MPS I, which are difficult to differentiate by clinical features. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a period of three years (June 1996-May 1999), 16 Moroccan patients (3-20 years old) with MPS were investigated. Twelve of them came from the Souss region. In subjects with suspected clinical MPS I or II, the diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical investigations, which included the quantification of total glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) released in urine, their identification, and the assay of alpha-L-iduronidase activity in leucocytes. A molecular analysis was performed in parallel, to provide the genetic proof of the diagnosis. RESULTS: These 16 patients belonged to 12 families, nine of which were consanguineous (75%). Twelve patients had Hurler syndrome and three had Hurler/Scheie's syndrome; no case of Scheie's syndrome was observed. Short stature, coarse face, organomegaly, hernia, cardiac disease, mental delay and dysostosis were observed in variable degrees. We report three cases without corneal clouding. Increased total urinary GAGs, identified as dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate by thin-layer chromatography and total deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase activity, were noted in studied subjects. At the molecular level the P533R mutation was detected in 24 among 26 alleles studied. CONCLUSION: It is now possible to perform the screening of MPS I and II in Morocco by analysis of clinical, radiologic observations and biological investigation. The predominance of P533R mutation could permit the screening of healthy heterozygotes and genetic counselling for families of Moroccan descent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Characterization of the Oum Er Rbia (Morocco) high basin karstic water sources by using solid state nuclear track detectors and radon as a natural tracer.

Uranium and thorium contents as well as radon alpha-activities per unit volume were evaluated inside different water samples by using a method based on calculating the CR-39 and LR-115 type II solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) detection efficiencies for the emitted alpha-particles and measuring the resulting track density rates. The validity of the SSNTD technique utilized was checked by analysing uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)26H2O) standard solutions. A relationship between water radon concentration and water transmission of different water sources belonging to two regions of the Middle Atlas (Morocco) water reservoir was found. The influence of the water flow rate as well as the permeability and fracture system of the host rocks of the sources studied was investigated.

Morocco↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of 15 short tandem repeats reveals significant differences between the Arabian populations from Morocco and Syria.

The short tandem repeat (STR) systems D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, Penta E, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, CSF1PO, Penta D, vWA, D8S1179, TPOX and FGA were studied in Arabian population samples from Morocco and Syria. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be observed in either preparation. Comparing the Moroccan and Syrian populations using the program RxC, no similarity could be observed at all 15 loci. In the Moroccan and Syrian populations the matching probability is 1 in 1.4 x 10(17) and 1 in 2.6 x 10(17), respectively. Thus, the combination of these 15 STR loci is powerful tool for forensic identification in Arabian populations.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2000

Geohelminthic infections associated with raw wastewater reuse for agricultural purposes in Beni-Mellal, Morocco.

This study was undertaken to determine the possible risk associated with raw wastewater use for agricultural purposes, particularly, the transmission of geohelminthic infections among children of five regions in Beni-Mellal, Morocco. In a randomly selected sample of 1343 children, 740 of them were from five communities using raw wastewater for agriculture, and 603 were from four control communities that do not practice wastewater irrigation. A questionnaire-interview with children and parents was used to collect data on possible demographic, hygiene and behavioral-contact risk factors such as sex, age, family size, parental education, parental occupation, source of water, toilet in house, hand-washing, contact with wastewater and contact with wastewater irrigated land. Ascariasis prevalence was found to be approximately five times higher among children in wastewater-impacted regions compared to control regions. Contact with wastewater and wastewater irrigated land and public water supply were found to be associated with higher infection rates. Trichuris rates did not show a statistically significant difference between the wastewater-impacted and the control regions. In conclusion, raw wastewater use in Beni-Mellal can lead to a high risk of geohelminthic infections. Adequate treatment of wastewater and public health education are highly recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Determinants of contraceptive use in Morocco: stopping behaviour in traditional populations.

The determinants of modern contraceptive use in traditional populations are analysed in married women aged 30-44 living in the province of Marrakech (Morocco). Women who have never used contraception have smaller family sizes than those who do: the number of live children (or live births) is the variable with maximum predictive power on contraceptive use, while child mortality is the main inhibiting factor. The probability of contraceptive use increases with female age at marriage and decreases with the woman's age, indicating a generational change in reproductive behaviour. The socioeconomic variables education, employment and residence, have no significant independent predictive character on contraceptive use, although the interaction between education and residence does. The paper evaluates the hypothesis that traditional populations in the initial phase of their demographic transition resort to modern contraception in order to stop childbearing, when they have reached a desired number of children, rather than to space births or reduce their fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Fertility norms and son preference in Morocco and Tunisia: does women's status matter?

This paper investigates the normative and behavioural dimensions of son preference in Morocco and Tunisia, using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of the two countries. It considers three measures of son preference: (1) mothers' ideal number of children, and any preference for having more sons than daughters; (2) the desire for additional children, given their existing family; (3) reported use of contraception in relation to the existing number of children of each sex. The analyses indicate a moderate preference for sons in both countries, and suggest that this preference is somewhat stronger in Tunisia. These findings are interpreted within the cultural context of the two countries, and in particular societal notions of women's status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The consistency and validity of reproductive attitudes: evidence from Morocco.

Information on reproductive attitudes is now routinely collected in fertility surveys in developing countries, and has become very important for understanding fertility behaviour. The quality of this information, however, is rarely assessed, partly due to lack of necessary data. In this paper, the recently completed panel survey in Morocco by the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) was used to investigate the consistency of reporting of ideal number of children, reproductive intentions and the planning status of the last birth. The validity of reproductive intentions for subsequent fertility behaviour was also examined. The findings indicate that the three measures of reproductive attitudes are subject to different degrees of measurement error. The measure of reproductive intentions is the most consistent of the three, followed by ideal number of children. The latter is much more consistent at the aggregate level than at the individual level. The reliability of the planning status of the last birth is marred, mainly by an unwanted child being reclassified as 'wanted' with time since the birth of the child. The reproductive intentions of women were also found to be positively related to their subsequent fertility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The effects of maternal-child health service utilization on subsequent contraceptive use in Morocco.

There are a number of reasons for anticipating that contact by women in developing country settings with modern maternal-child health (MCH) services will lead to increased use of family planning services. Indeed, the expectation of such a relationship underlies the integrated service delivery strategy that has been adopted on a more or less global basis. However, the available empirical evidence in support of this proposition is inconclusive. This study re-examines this issue in Morocco. Household survey data and data on the supply environment for health and family planning services gathered in 1992 are analysed in the study. A full-information maximum likelihood estimator is used to control for the possible endogeneity of health care and contraceptive choices. The findings indicate a substantial and apparently causal relationship between the intensity of MCH service use and subsequent contraceptive use. Policy simulations indicate that sizeable increases in contraceptive prevalence might be realized by increasing the coverage and intensity of use of MCH services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiological observations on lungworm, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, in donkeys from Morocco.

Regular monthly examination of lungs of donkeys, with a total of 423 in a year, revealed that in Morocco Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection is present throughout the year with an annual incidence of 47.8% (range 30 to 62.2%). The monthly mean number of worms per animal varied from 19.4 to 69.6 (annual average 39.5) with a maximum of 1000 worms in a donkey. October, February and June are the months when peaks of infections were observed. The ratio of worms in lungs to larvae per g in faeces (L.P.G.) ratio varied from 1:0.57 to 1:1.33 (average 1:0.97) and although this relation was significant, cases with high worm burden and no larvae in faeces were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Population genetics and dynamics at short spatial scale in Bulinus truncatus, the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium, in Morocco.

The population biology of the schistosome-vector snail Bulinus truncatus was studied in an irrigation system near Marrakech, Morocco using both genetic and demographic approaches. The population genetic survey was conducted in 4 sites, 2 sites being sampled on 2 separate occasions. Individuals were genotyped at 6 microsatellite loci. No variability was found at 4 loci, and the 2 other loci had less than 4 alleles. The differentiation, both spatial and temporal, among populations was extremely weak. The demographic survey was conducted using 2 capture-mark-recapture analyses in 2 separate sites, the first in 1999 and the second in 2000. The second analysis permitted the estimation of parameters based on recent methodological developments (multisite models). Although these studies provided information on several traits, we report here on dispersal only. Both analyses showed that individual dispersal is of the order of a few hundreds of metres per reproductive life, that is the scale of the whole irrigation area. Both the genetic and demographic studies indicated that this area harbours a single--or no more than a few--populations of B. truncatus. This has implications for our understanding of the coevolutionary process between snails and flukes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A case-control study of lung cancer in Casablanca, Morocco.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate etiologic risk factors for lung cancer in Casablanca, Morocco. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study that included 118 incident lung cancer cases and 235 age-, sex- and residence-matched controls. We analyzed the data using matched univariate and matched and unmatched multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Active tobacco smoking and history of chronic bronchitis were the strongest risk factors for lung cancer in the matched logistic regression model. Multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals varied from 1.79 (0.47-6.79) for former light smokers to 26.07 (6.58-103.27) for current heavy tobacco smokers at the time of disease occurrence. Combined use of hashish/kiff and snuff had an OR of 6.67 (1.65-26.90), whereas the OR for hashish/kiff (without snuff) was 1.93 (0.57-6.58). History of chronic bronchitis had an OR of 4.16 (1.76-9.85). Other slightly increased risks of lung cancer were found for exposure to passive smoking (1.36; 0.71-2.62), occupational exposures (1.75; 0.84-3.63), use of candles for lighting (1.44; 0.42-5.01), and poor ventilation of the kitchen (1.22; 0.57-2.58). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms known risk factors for lung cancer and uncovers potential new etiologic ones such as the role of hashish/kiff.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its correlates: a population-based study in Morocco.

To obtain data on the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its correlates, along with help-seeking behaviour, 655 randomly selected men at least 25 y old, residing in Casablanca, Morocco, were recruited. They responded to a questionnaire administered by five trained sociologist interviewers. Information on demographics, concomitant diseases, drugs, and sexual activity was collected. ED was prevalent in 54%, increased noticeably with age, and was highly prevalent between both the illiterate and those employed. Risk factors were diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and smoking. Limited sexual satisfaction, low frequency of intercourse, and a disturbed psychological state with depressed mood had negative effects on erectile function. Given its prevalence in our country, ED should be considered an important medical problem with a multifactorial aetiology, making the cooperation of a multidisciplinary management team highly recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Frequent cytoplasmic exchanges between oak species that are not closely related: Quercus suber and Q. ilex in Morocco.

Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA variation were studied in 97 populations of cork oak (Quercus suber) in Morocco; in 31 of these populations, holm oak (Quercus ilex), a clearly distinct species, also occurred and was compared with Q. suber. Three cpDNA and one mtDNA primer pairs were used in the survey, each in combination with one restriction enzyme. Six haplotypes belonging to two very divergent lineages were detected; one lineage predominates in each species, and is probably ancestral, as inferred from comparisons with other oak species. In the mixed-species populations, cytoplasmic genomes were frequently shared across species, as indicated by an introgression ratio of 0.63. This index is a new measure of the propensity of species to share locally genetic markers, varying from zero (complete differentiation) to one (no differentiation). By contrast, more closely related deciduous oak species (Q. robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens) have introgression ratios varying from 0.82 to 0.97. The introgression events appear to have been more frequent in the direction Q. ilex (female) x Q. suber (male), a finding which seems attributable to the flowering phenology of these two species. This asymmetry may have favoured immigration of Q. suber beyond its main range, in regions already colonized by Q. ilex. There, rare hybridization and further introgression through long distance pollen flow have established populations that are morphologically indistinguishable from Q. suber but that have cytoplasmic genomes originating from the local Q. ilex populations.

DNA, Chloroplast↗
PubMed1999

Salmonella infection in children from the wastewater-spreading zone of Marrakesh city (Morocco).

The available circumstantial evidence gained from epidemiological and microbiological investigations suggests that the use of untreated wastewater causes an excess of Salmonella infection among children living in El Azzouzia (the wastewater-spreading area of Marrakesh city, Morocco) compared with those from a control area that does not practice sewage irrigation (Sidi Moussa). The prevalence in the exposed group (32.56%) was significantly (P < 0. 001) higher than for the control group (1.14%). Serogroups B and C were the most commonly isolated. Boys were at greater risk (37.61%) of contracting Salmonella infection than girls (26.66%). Age-specified rates showed that children of less than 10 years old were infected at a higher rate than older children in the area (exposed group), with 40.32% and 19.72% rates of infection, respectively. Crop irrigation with untreated wastewater caused a significantly higher rate of infection with Salmonella in the children of agricultural workers (39.33%) than in the children of non-agriculturists (24.58%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Monitoring unmet obstetric need at district level in Morocco.

Unmet obstetric need was assessed in Taounate province (Morocco) during the year 1995 by monitoring rates of major obstetric intervention for absolute maternal indications. We report results in terms of spatial distribution of the failures of the health care system to provide women with essential emergency obstetric care. An estimated 135 women with life-threatening conditions did not benefit from the obstetric interventions they required. The paper documents the effects of the monitoring process on the way the provincial team changed their way of dealing with deliveries. Assessment of unmet obstetric need in Taounate province proved feasible and affordable without external budgetary inputs. It provided the team with information on the magnitude of a previously ignored problem. The results were so dramatic as to lead the team to look for causes and solutions. These were clearly not merely technical but systemic in nature.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Phenotypic characteristics of rhizobia isolates nodulating acacia species in the arid and Saharan regions of Morocco.

The phenotypic characteristics of 48 isolates obtained from root nodules of four Acacia species (Acacia cyanophylla, A. gummifera, A. horrida and A. raddiana) growing in soils collected from the arid and Saharan regions of Morocco were studied. The rhizobia were very diverse with respect to their cross-nodulation patterns, as well as their physiological and biochemical properties. Dendrograms obtained through computer numerical analysis of 52 phenotypic characteristics showed that isolates could fit into four clusters below the boundary level of 0.85 average distance and that they were very distinct from the reference strains. Some interesting isolates for inoculation trials have been identified. They were able to grow at pH ranging from 4 to 9, tolerate a high salt concentration (3% NaCl) and grew at a maximum temperature between 35 and 40 degrees C.

Acacia↗