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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Practical calibration correction method for the maintenance of an on-line near-infrared monitoring system for molten polymers.

The present study has investigated a practical calibration correction method for an on-line monitoring system for molten polymers using a near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. A partial least squares (PLS) calibration model for the ethylene (C2) content in melt polypropylene (PP) was developed for the investigation of changes in the performance of the on-line system before and after maintenance necessitated by the relocation. The predicted values for the C2 content from the spectra measured after maintenance by using the calibration model developed from the spectra collected before maintenance showed that there were some differences between the spectra obtained by the NIR spectrometer system before and after maintenance. The loadings from factor analysis suggested that the main cause for the differences in the system performance before and after maintenance was wavenumber shifts in the NIR spectra of PP in the melt state. Six popular standardization or calibration transfer methods (direct standardization (DS), piecewise direct standardization (PDS), additive correction (AD), multiplicative correction (MP), slope and bias (SB), and difference spectrum with interpolation (DSI)) were evaluated for the calibration correction of the on-line NIR monitoring system. However, the results of the evaluation showed that these standardization methods need more than two samples to obtain the high accuracy for the nonlinearity contained in the spectra set. From the standpoint of practical calibration in a real plant, the acceptable number of samples for the calibration is one or two. Moreover, recalibration using transferred spectra is not preferable because of the traceability for a calibration model. As a practical solution for a calibration correction in a real plant, a method considering wavenumber shift and path-length correction has been proposed in this study. The predicted results for the C2 content in the melt-state PP from the spectra measured after maintenance by using the proposed method have shown that the proposed method is useful for calibration correction in a real plant in spite of using only one sample.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Non-contact respiratory monitoring system using a ceiling-attached microwave antenna.

Using a microwave antenna attached to the room ceiling, we conducted non-contact monitoring of respiratory chest wall motions of subjects in bed and covered by a soft comfortable bedding, to measure the vital signs of patients under nursing care in a welfare institution. Long-term vital sign monitoring using electrodes places a heavy burden on monitored individuals. Our non-contact respiratory monitoring system comprises a 1,215 MHz-microwave radar (LDR-1), antenna box attached to the ceiling, and personal computer with analyzing software. The system was tested on eight healthy volunteers (mean age, 25 years; range, 21-44 years) and eight elderly volunteers with some disorders (mean age, 69 years; range, 66-75 years). Respiratory rates of subjects measured using this system correlated with rates measured using respiration sensors (r=0.97, P<0.001 for healthy volunteers, r=0.98, P<0.0001 for elderly volunteers). The system could monitor subtle changes in respiratory rate, and monitoring respiratory rate increases caused by disorders such as pneumonia will be possible.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Application of an integrated environmental monitoring system to an incineration plant.

An integrated environmental monitoring system is an innovative approach which allows remarkable understanding of impacts due to a contamination source. Here we report results from environmental monitoring near a typical Italian incinerator plant. By means of mathematical dispersion models, zones of maximum pollutant depositions were determined; according to these simulations, a defined monitoring network was established. Heavy metals, chosen as environmental indicators, showed a wide flux range in gas emissions from the incinerator, over different sampling years. In particular, emissions in the year 2000 were marked by high Pb and Cd concentrations. Correspondingly, soil samples also exhibited a greater concentration of the same metals in 2000, than in previous years. Principal component analysis allowed a better visualisation of these similarities, also showing an interesting correlation between heavy metals observed both in gas emissions and in soil samples. Soil distant from the incinerator was found to be less affected by heavy metal contamination. Also atmospheric wet and dry depositions indicated a significant dependence on distance from incinerator, though extremely variable metal fluxes were registered during different months. Finally, vegetation samples, seasonal or evergreen, did not provide evidence of a significant heavy metal enrichment, apart from an apparent dependence on contamination source distance.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2006

Applying the ISO/IEEE 11073 standards to wearable home health monitoring systems.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this effort was to investigate the feasibility of applying the ISO/IEEE 11073 (a.k.a. X73) standards, originally intended for bedside monitoring in hospital environments, to wearable, multi-sensor monitoring systems designed for home healthcare. METHODS: The X73 upper-layer sub-standards (i.e., nomenclature specification, domain information model, application profiles, and vital sign device descriptions) were adopted and implemented on microcontroller-based sensor hardware to provide plug-and-play medical components. Three types of system elements (base stations, data loggers, and sensor units) perform the functionality required in this standards-based home health monitoring system and communicate using Bluetooth wireless modules. The base station incorporates a LabVIEW interface running on a personal computer. Each data logger and sensor unit is implemented on a microcontroller-driven embedded platform. Sensor units include wearable sensors (e.g., electrocardiograph, pulse oximeter) and nearby sensors (e.g., weight scale, ambient environment sensors). RESULTS: The standards-based prototype system with an open architecture achieves plug-and-play performance suitable for a home environment. Each wireless element in the body/home area network can automatically detect other nearby devices, associate with them, and exchange data with them as appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: With minor modifications, the X73 standards can be successfully applied to wearable, wireless, point-of-care systems in the home.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1984

[Trial production of non-invasive monitoring system from the anterior fontanelle on intracranial pressure].

The aim of utilizing P-50 Statham transducer as one of the monitoring systems for intracranial pressure consists in the case for its attachment and simplified identification of the zero point and calibration which are of problem for operation as in the cases of electrocardiogram and respiration. The P-50 transducer is a semiconductor strain gage transducer which was developed for the measurement of blood pressure. By attaching the foot plate of it, the applanation principle could be applied and the measurement from the anterior fontanelle could be made feasible. The accuracy of the measurement in this manner could be confirmed by various experiments. Being a semiconductor strain gage, it could be made into an extremely small weight, which made it most adequate for continuous measurement. Although some problems have been left yet to be clarified relative to the method for the fixation, it can be deemed to be fully applicable as one of clinical monitoring systems for intracranial pressure.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Tsukuba remote monitoring system for continuous-flow artificial heart.

In order to make long-term medical treatment with the use of an artificial heart effective, we developed the Tsukuba remote monitoring system, which enables medical staff to manage the physiological condition of patients and the driving condition of the artificial heart at anytime from a remote place. This remote monitoring system has three functions: first, a remote monitoring function, which enables medical staff to monitor measured data from a remote place anytime by using not only a personal computer but also a cellular phone; second, an analyzing function, which estimates the unmeasured physiological behavior in the body based on a mathematical physiological model; and third, a warning function, which detects physiological problems and malfunction of the artificial heart by applying the if-then rule and sends a warning message to the medical staff. As a result of applying this system to animal experiments, we have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Application of continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system "Paratrend 7" for pulmonary lavage of a patient with alveolar proteinosis].

We applied a continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system (Paratrend 7) to a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis during pulmonary lavage. Lavage was performed under general anesthesia with one lung ventilation. We inserted the sensor of Patatrend 7 through a 20 G catheter into the radial artery, and monitored pH, PaCO2 and PaO2 continuously throughout the procedure. SpO2 and EtCO2 were also monitored. Saline 1000-1500 ml was instilled and drained repeatedly by volume limited methods. PaO2 values by Paratrend 7 increased during instillation and decreased during drainage of the irrigating fluid. In contrast, PaCO2 value by Paratrend 7 decreased slightly during instillation and increased during drainage. The change of SpO2 was almost the same as that by Paratrend 7, but the response time of pulse oxymetry was a little quicker than Paratrend 7. During the lavage procedure, respiratory and circulatory condition changed very rapidly, and it is necessary to monitor blood gas change intensively. Paratrend 7 is useful as a perioperative monitoring system, but pulse oxymetry might be sufficient during pulmonary lavage considering its cost.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Detection of capsaicin-evoked release of glutamate from spinal dorsal horn slices of rat with on-line monitoring system.

We examined whether capsaicin evokes the release of glutamate from unmyelinated primary afferent fibers, using a fluorometric on-line monitoring system, in which immobilized glutamate dehydrogenase column was connected to an in vitro superfusion system. In this system, an application of capsaicin (1 microM) resulted in an increased outflow of glutamate from dorsal horn slices in a tetrodotoxin-resistant manner, while capsaicin (3 microM) was without effect on ventral horn slices. This effect of capsaicin on the dorsal horn slices was in a concentration-dependent manner at 0.1-3 microM and the effect at 10 microM was not larger than that at 3 microM. The competitive capsaicin antagonist capsazepine significantly reduced the release of glutamate evoked by 1 microM capsaicin. Twice exposures of dorsal horn slices to capsaicin led a significant decrease in the release of glutamate evoked by the second capsaicin stimulation, indicating desensitization to capsaicin. Thus, using on-line monitoring system, we actually demonstrated that capsaicin induced the release of glutamate from the dorsal horn, probably from capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

New "plasma referenced" POCT glucose monitoring systems--are they suitable for glucose monitoring and diagnosis of diabetes?

BACKGROUND: Results from portable glucose meters should be reported as plasma values as recommended by IFCC. Three new "plasma calibrated" blood glucose meters (Abbott Precision Xcceed, Bayer Ascensia Contour and Roche Accu-Chek Aviva) were compared against laboratory venous plasma glucose measurements to determine their suitability for patient monitoring and diabetes diagnosis. METHODS: 115 capillary blood samples were analyzed on each of the three meters and compared to venous plasma measurements on the Dade Behring RXL analyzer (Hexokinase method). RESULTS: We found a significant positive bias of all meters compared to the laboratory reference method. Deviations of more than 10% were seen in more than a third of all glucose values in all three devices. 13%, 8.7% and 10.4%, respectively, of the values from the Abbott, Bayer and Roche devices fell in zone B or C of the Parkes' error grid. CONCLUSIONS: Neither glucose meter met the ADA or the NACB goals and should therefore not be used as screening tests to diagnose diabetes but are well suitable for patient monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Fetal ECG monitoring system based on MCU processing].

In order to monitor the fetus in labor, the signal characteristic from fetal scalp electrode is researched, An adaptation algorithm and a peak to peak detecting technology are adopted in signal processing, and an adaptation gain control method is used to eliminate disturber from base-line shift. A fetal ECG monitoring system is designed on the basis of C8051F020 MCU.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drugs of Dependence Monitoring System: an effective check of the movements of certain drugs in Australia.

For the past 13 years the Commonwealth Department of Health has operated a computerized monitoring system which records the movements throughout Australia of selected legal drugs with abuse potential. The Drugs of Dependence Monitoring System is designed to prevent diversion to the illicit market. From the moment of import or manufacture, every movement of the selected drug is monitored until the drug reaches the final distributor, in most cases a pharmacy, a veterinarian or a hospital. Approximately 300,000 movements are checked each year. All drugs used in Australia, which are covered by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances are included in the system. Reports are generated on quantities imported, exported, locally produced, used in manufacture and distributed. The result is that the risk of diversion has been reduced to a minimum. Information obtained from the system has proved of considerable assistance in fulfilling Australia's international treaty obligations.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system: more accurate values can be obtained.

OBJECTIVE: To compare values measured by a continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system with those measured by conventional blood gas analyzer for the assessment of the clinical performance of a new device for measurement of PaO2, PaCO2, and arterial pH. METHODS: Forty-six patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were enrolled in this study. All patients had a continuous intra-arterial sensor (PB 3300) placed into the radial artery through a 20-gauge catheter. A total of 319 arterial blood gas and pH values were obtained for comparison with a conventional blood gas analyzer. The measurements were performed every 12 hrs after the initial in vitro calibration of the sensor for each patient. RESULTS: Measurements were made over a range of 12 to 192 hrs. The overall bias and precision determined by the two methods were 4.5 and 17.1 mmHg for PaO2; 4.5 and 6.2 mmHg for PaCO2; and 0.009 and 0.035 for pH, respectively. For the range of PO2 less than 150 mmHg, the bias and precision improved to 4.2 and 9.5 mmHg. The sensor-derived PCO2 value, PCO2 (IABG), increased significantly more than the conventional blood gas analysis value, PCO2(ABG), even within 72 hrs (2.8 and 4.1 mmHg). The relationship between the two measurements can be described as: PCO2(IABG)/PCO2(ABG) = 1 + 0.0026.t where t is the time period of use (in hours). By correcting the PCO2(IABG) value using this formula, the overall bias and precision of the values measured by two methods decreases to -0.4 and 3.6 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS: The PO2 and pH values derived from an intra-arterial blood gas monitoring system agreed well with the values measured by a conventional blood gas analyzer. However, the PCO2 value must be corrected due to an increase of drift, especially with extended use for more than 72 hours.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1998

[The development of a myocardial infarction monitoring system].

In this paper, the author will discuss the system design of one portable myocardial infarction monitoring system which possesses the functions of the general arrhythmia monitoring and the alarm & emergency of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This system also can provide accurate real time ECG signal parameters for clinic diagnosis.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1995

Analog neural network-based helicopter gearbox health monitoring system.

The development of a reliable helicopter gearbox health monitoring system (HMS) has been the subject of considerable research over the past 15 years. The deployment of such a system could lead to a significant saving in lives and vehicles as well as dramatically reduce the cost of helicopter maintenance. Recent research results indicate that a neural network-based system could provide a viable solution to the problem. This paper presents two neural network-based realizations of an HMS system. A hybrid (digital/analog) neural system is proposed as an extremely accurate off-line monitoring tool used to reduce helicopter gearbox maintenance costs. In addition, an all analog neural network is proposed as a real-time helicopter gearbox fault monitor that can exploit the ability of an analog neural network to directly compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) as a sum of weighted samples. Hardware performance results are obtained using the Integrated Neural Computing Architecture (INCA/1) analog neural network platform that was designed and developed at The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory. The results indicate that it is possible to achieve a 100% fault detection rate with 0% false alarm rate by performing a DFT directly on the first layer of INCA/1 followed by a small-size two-layer feed-forward neural network and a simple post-processing majority voting stage.

Aircraft↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer-assisted monitoring system for measuring and processing cardiorespiratory variables: preliminary results of clinical trials.

A microcomputer-assisted monitoring system was developed for the continuous measuring and processing of cardiorespiratory variables, including: systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, CVP, minute ventilation, inspired and expired O2 and CO2 concentrations, temperature, and heart rate. The primary data were converted to digital form, processed, displayed on a CRT monitor, and also stored for later evaluation. This system automatically calculated and displayed on-line and in real-time both primary measurements and derived cardiorespiratory variables, including: oxygen consumption, CO2 production, left and right ventricular stroke work, pulmonary venous admixture, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Printouts of the variables and trend graphs could be obtained for any desired time period. During its development, we tested this monitoring system in 30 critically ill patients, finding that the real-time calculation of cardiorespiratory variables was a great advantage during monitoring and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Arterial-line monitoring system simulation.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to improve the realism of our patient simulation environment by developing a simulation of the arterial-line monitoring system. Properties of the system we wished to depict were: electro-mechanical delay between ECG and radial artery pressure, beat to beat amplitude variability and respiratory variation, realistic looking pulse pressure in hypertensive and hypotensive states, a functional link to the stopcock and transducer flush, and filtering characteristics of the measurement system. METHODS: A standard clinical pressure transducer and stopcock were modified to provide data about their state to a personal computer. A software program was written to modify the arterial pressure waveform from a patient simulator according to the pressure transducer and stopcock state as well as user settings to produce a new waveform. RESULTS: All of the desired improvements in the realism of the arterial waveform were implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The realism of scenarios using the patient simulator is enhanced by having the arterial-line monitoring system more accurately simulated.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2006

[A wireless mobile monitoring system based on bluetooth technology].

This paper presents a wireless mobile monitoring system based on Bluetooth technology. This system realizes the remote mobile monitoring of multiple physiological parameters, and has the characters of easy use, low cost, good reliability and strong capability of anti-jamming.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1990

A computer-based behavior monitoring system for low-birth weight infants under intensive care.

For the intensive care of low-birth weight infants, it is important to continuously monitor behavioral changes. From this point of view, we have developed a computer-based monitoring system to analyze the body movements of low-birth weight infants under intensive care. The system consisted of a video recorder with a micro CCD camera for observing infant's body movements and a real time image processor for analyzing video frames. A 16 bit personal computer equipped with an image processor converted a video frame into a binary image that is a 256 by 256 matrix of pixels. The computer assessed each pixel of the matrix to determine whether the brightness changed between successive binary images or not. The number of changed pixels was counted every 1/30 sec, and such change reflected a infant's body movements. Using the system, body movements of a low-birth weight infant in an incubator were videotaped during 24 hours and analyzed. Results indicate that the behavior monitoring system developed in the present study has not only the ability to detect occurrences of movements of low-birth weight infants, but also the ability to qualitatively describe the pattern of movements.

Female↗