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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Effect of aging on bone mineral content. Part VII. The evaluation of osteoporosis treatment by the measurement of total body bone mineral content using dual photon absorptiometry].

In order to evaluate the degree of accuracy of measurement of total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), the TBBMC in four healthy male volunteers were measured serially for 3 to 12 months. In three to six determinations of TBBMC in various stage of radiation source (153-Gd), the coefficients of variation in four subjects were 1.59, 0.74, 1.25 and 1.27%. Thus, the mean CV was 1.22 +/- 0.35% (mean +/- SD). This indicates that the measurement of TBBMC using DPA is an accurate tool for long-term follow up of bone mineral content and up to 1.6% change of TBBMC might be considered to be a significant change in TBBMC. No apparent drift of TBBMC associated with source decay was noticed in the present study. Subsequently, fifteen females with osteoporosis were studied to evaluate the efficacy of certain therapeutic modes. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 10) given 10 to 40 U of elcatonin (eel calcitonin derivative) intramuscularly every week for 3 to 6 months. Group 2 (n = 5) were treated with 0.5 mu/day of oral 1-alpha-OHD3 for 3 to 6 months. The TBBMC of these fifteen patients were followed by DPA (Lunar DP-4). Seven patients out of ten treated with elcatonin (70%) showed significant (up to 1.6% change in TBBMC compared with baseline) increase in TBBMC after 3 to 6 months treatment. The mean percentage change in TBBMC in group 1 was 101.9 +/- 2.7% (mean +/- SD) when the initial TBBMC was taken as 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2002

[Survey of bone mineral density in residents of selected areas of Hiroshima prefecture: effects of age and constitution on bone mineral density].

Because the complications of decreased bone mineral density, such as femoral neck fractures and severe spinal deformities, have a strong impact on daily life, prevention has become more important than therapy. The present study included as subjects 771 women residing in Innoshima City, Sera-gun, and Mihara City, all in Hiroshima Prefecture. We determined bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of these women, measured their height and weight, and examined the effect of age and body mass index (BMI) on bone density rate (YAM%). The subjects of the study were all volunteers. As no significant difference could be demonstrated in comparison with the results of the 1998 National Nutrition Survey of height, body weight, and BMI, we considered there would be no problem in extrapolating the results of the present determinations to middle-aged and elderly women. In the relationship between age and YAM%, a negative trend was observed prior to menopause, but was not significant. After menopause, however, a significant negative correlation was demonstrated. In addition, a significant positive correlation was observed between BMI and age-corrected YAM% for the lumbar spine and femoral neck. In future studies, the YAM% of the lumbar spine and femoral neck corrected for age and BMI should be investigated to determine the influence of lifestyle.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Bone mineral content and bone mineral metabolism: changes after growth hormone treatment in juvenile chronic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether growth hormone (rhGH) affects bone mineral metabolism and bone mineral content (BMC, g/cm) in a therapeutic trial of recombinant growth hormone in growth retarded children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) treated with steroid. METHODS: BMC was measured in 20 children (of whom 17 were treated with corticosteroid) before and after one year of rhGH. Children were randomized to receive either low dose (12 IU/m2/week) or high dose (24 IU/m2/week) for one year. Three monthly assessments were made of disease activity and anthropomorphic measurements. Blood and urine samples were also obtained to measure indicators of disease activity, bone remodeling, and vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) status. RESULTS: BMC increased during the treatment period and correlated with increasing height. Osteocalcin levels, normally indicators of bone formation, increased after rhGH treatment and correlated significantly with height velocity, particularly for the high dose treatment group. In contrast, osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with C-reactive protein levels, both before and during treatment. Height velocity, vitamin D, PTH, and osteocalcin levels were significantly lower than age matched controls before treatment. CONCLUSION: Steroid treated children with both JCA and severe growth retardation have reduced vitamin D, PTH, and osteocalcin levels. After treatment with rhGH, height velocity increased, as did BMC. Growth hormone might be a useful adjunct in the treatment of severe growth retardation and osteoporosis in children with JCA. The longterm benefits of rhGH in the treatment of osteoporosis remain unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of calcium and cristata L extracts on bone mineral density and urinary mineral of rats].

In order to study the effect of cristata L for preventing fluoride toxicity, forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups. The control group(NC) was fed with staple feed stuff and tap water, the other four groups were fed with staple feed-stuff and high fluorine water. Except the high fluorine group(F), the other groups were fed with cristata L(FC), high calcium(FCa) and cristata L with high calcium(FCCa) respectively. The results showed that the serum calcium, urinary sodium, calcium, hydroxyproline(HOP) and fluorine contents of high fluorine groups were higher than that of control group; and the urinary calcium content of high calcium group was higher than that of control group. The body weight, BMC and BMD of high fluorine groups was lower than that of control group. The weight of groups FC, FCa and FCCa were significantly higher than that of group F. The BMC and BMD of group FCCa were significantly higher than that of group F. This implies that the food high in fluorine can affect the bone mineral density and urinary minerals of rats, the food supplemented with calcium can reduce the effect of high fluorine, and the food supplemented with both calcium and cristata L is better.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Lipid and mineral metabolism and morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in miners].

Examination is performed on 87 miners from mine for copper production subject to intensive local vibrations with average rate of increase (K) of the norms for the individual octave frequencies 2.4 times for 3 h exposure of the working shift, as well as to intensive noise--113-115 dB/A equivalent level, general dust--23 mg/m3, fine dust--3.5 mg/m3 and fine quartz--0.43 mg/m3. There are data for vibration effect--changes in the cold test, vibration sensoriness, ultra sound sonometry, in all miners. In a significant part of them are established dyslipoproteinemia--increase of triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol, values beyond reference (mainly above the norm) of 10 electrolytes and microelements in blood serum (blood). An extremely high prevalence of the cases and the days of total morbidity with temporary disability (respectively 189.7 and 2935 per 100), with predominance in its structure of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems, hypertension disease, etc. The importance of vibrations for disorder in the metabolic processes in the organism and development of temporary diseases are underlined.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Changes in total body bone mineral content and regional bone mineral density in renal patients following renal transplantation.

We performed serial measurements of total body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and of regional BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Twenty-six patients (15 females and 11 males) were studied at the time of transplantation, and 3 and 6 months post-transplant. At baseline, the total body BMC and regional BMD values of the patients did not differ significantly from age- and sex-matched controls. Total body BMC had fallen progressively at 3 months, followed by partial recovery at 6 months. Significant decreases of BMD were seen in the lumbar spine and femoral neck at 3 months with no evidence of recovery at 6 months. The changes in these indices correlated well with the duration of hospital stay in the first 3 post-transplant months. This preliminary study demonstrated rapid deterioration of skeletal integrity following renal transplantation and that this might be progressive. Preventative strategies to avoid this early bone loss may need to be investigated.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

[Study of deposition and translocation of mineral dust in lungs of tin miners in Yunnan by X-ray microanalysis].

Histochemistry, SEM-EDX and X-ray fluorescence analysis were applied to detect the distribution of iron, arsenic and other related elements in the pulmonary tissues of tin miners in Yunnan. Lesions obtained in human beings could be reproduced in rats subjected to intratracheal injection of arsenic containing ore dust, which was prepared in order to study the deposition, dissociation and release of inhaled less-soluble arsenic containing ors dust in the lungs and the process of development of different ferruginous bodies. Data obtained in the pulmonary tissues provided also the evidence about the role of arsenic as the etiological factor of lung carcinoma in the tin miners of Yunnan province.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Increased bone mineral content but not bone mineral density in the hip in surgically treated knee and hip osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: The inverse relationship between the occurrence of osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis is controversial. Some investigators have found higher bone mineral density (BMD) in the hips, lumbar spine, and other skeletal sites of patients with OA; others have not. We investigated the relationship between BMD and OA. METHODS: We compared the BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and projected area of the femoral neck (FN) and trochanter (TR) of 99 women with a validated diagnosis of primary OA from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study (OSTPRE) cohort, with 2012 controls. The measurements were made twice in women aged 47-59 years in 1989-91, and then repeated in 1994-98. RESULTS: After correction for age, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and hormone replacement therapy use before inclusion, we found no significant difference in femoral BMD of the OA patients compared with controls at baseline and at 5-year followup (FN +2.7%, +4.6%, respectively; nonsignificant). However, the BMC was significantly higher in all regions of interest in OA patients at baseline [FN +8.3% (p = 0.004); TR +13.3% (p = 0.017)]. The projected area of FN was also significantly higher at baseline and followup in OA patients (FN +3.7%, +3.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). The projected area of the bones increased in all subjects over the followup period. The BMD decrease rate was higher in OA patients for all regions of interest during followup. CONCLUSION: Hip BMD of women treated surgically for hip or knee OA was not different from that of healthy controls when measured twice with a 5-year interval. However, at 5-year followup, OA can be accompanied by an increase in bone size or changes in shape, and faster loss of BMD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1978

[Minerals in normal and cirrhotic liver. The pathology of mineral dependent athrocytic liver cirrhosis].

Concentrations of iron, copper and zinc were measured in postmortem specimens of liver, muscle and brain tissue by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Concentrations varied markedly in normal liver specimens from person to person, but not in other organ specimens. Copper concentrations in specimens from cirrhotic livers were normal in most cases, however at the upper limit of normal in about 20% of the cases evaluated. Concentrations of zinc and iron were lower than normal in cirrhotic livers. Mineral concentrations were higher by a factor of 10-20 in liver specimens of patients with hemochromatosis or M. Wilson than in normals. Iron overloading as a consequence of therapy (secondary hemochromatosis) and liver changes due to longtime artificially elevated plasma copper levels may imitate the adult form of the "classic" mineral storage diseases mentioned. Thus "athrocytotic" liver cirrhosis, being caused or accompanied by metal excess has to be considered as a polyetiological syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vitamin and mineral deficiency in Mexico. A critical review of the state of the art. I. Mineral deficiency].

A critical analysis was conducted in 39 publications on the prevalence of trace mineral deficiencies in Mexico, published since 1950. It can be concluded that: a) Iron deficiency is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency in Mexico. It occurs in 10 to 70% of the population depending on the region of the country. Rural areas in the southern and south-eastern regions are more drastically affected studies. This deficiency occurs even though iron intake in most studies is higher than recommended. b) Clinical signs of iodine deficiency have been reported in some mountainous regions of the country. These studies were carried out about 30 years ago, so the potential existence of iodine deficiency in these and other regions requires further study. c) There is some evidence of marginal zinc deficiency in some population groups. The magnitude of this deficiency, and the existence of other mineral deficiencies and their consequences for the health and function of the Mexican population, require further investigation.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1996

[Nutrient mineral content in raw and processed foods derived from cereals and legumes. II: Mineral composition].

Raw and processed foods derived from cereals and legumes were analyzed to determine the mineral content. These data can be used to replace Na, K, Ca, P y Fe values of the out-of-date national composition table and to incorporate new data of Mg and Zn. Results showed that mineral composition in cereal milled products varies directly with the degree of extraction and that losses or intentional addition of inorganic elements were produced during processing. It seems that manufacturers tend to diminish salt addition in prepared and processed foods, as Na content of bakery products and canned legumes were considerably lower than the values reported in the 1945 composition table.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed2005

The value of Ems Mineral Salts in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children. Prospective study on the efficacy of mineral salts versus xylometazoline in the topical nasal treatment of children.

UNLABELLED: The treatment of rhinosinusitis seen in the light of uncertain pathogenesis and variable symptoms is under discussion and ranges from the administration of antibiotics, decongestants and anti-allergic agents to no treatment. In this randomized, prospective, double-blind and controlled study the effect of a 14-day treatment (1-2 sprays into each nostril t.d.) with either isotonic Ems Mineral Salts (EMS) solution (Siemens & Co., Bad Ems, Germany) or xylometazoline solution (0.05%) was tested in children (n=66) aged 2-6 years. MAIN OUTCOMES: the degree of mucosal inflammation, nasal patency, general state of health, condition of the middle ear, auditory function as well as an assessment of complaints by the parents. With the exception of the hearing defects, all parameters showed a clear improvement in both treatment groups at the end of the observation period (p>0.001). The hearing defects showed only a trend towards improvement. At the end of the study no differences between the treatment groups could be determined. However, at the intermediate examination after the first 7 days of treatment more favourable results were seen in the group treated with EMS. No undesired medicinal effects were observed, although in 7 out of 34 cases the nasal spray was improperly used in the group treated with xylometazoline. The results of the study show that there is no difference in efficacy between an exclusive treatment by EMS solution in children aged 2-6 years and a treatment with xylometazoline, but with the distinction that with EMS the length of use was not restricted, there were not the potential side effects of nasal decongestants, and there was no contraindication in the newborn and infants.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2006

Laboratory investigation of the effects of mineral size and concentration on the formation of oil-mineral aggregates.

Controlled laboratory studies of the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMA) in seawater demonstrate that sediment concentration and sediment size are key variables for determining the quantity of oil droplets stabilised by OMA formation. Experiments with a single sediment size and a range of sediment concentrations show that as sediment concentration increases, the quantity of oil trapped in OMA increases abruptly. In experiments with a single sediment concentration and a range of sediment sizes, the quantity of oil trapped in OMA decreases as sediment size increases. These results provide direct support to the hypothesis that there is a critical sediment concentration for OMA formation. Below this concentration, stabilisation of oil droplets by OMA decreases rapidly, while above this concentration, stabilisation is extensive. The results also support simple geometric models of OMA formation that predict that the critical sediment mass concentration increases linearly with sediment particle diameter. These results will help to place quantitative constraint on predictions of where and when OMA formation will be a factor in the natural dispersal of oil accidentally spilled into the ocean.

Geologic Sediments↗
PubMed2001

The effects of withdrawal of vitamin and trace mineral supplements from layer diets on egg yield and trace mineral composition.

1. This study was conducted as three trials. 2. In the first trial, zinc, manganese, copper and iron concentrations were determined in dietary raw materials collected from various regions of Turkey. 3. In the second trial, 200 Hisex Brown laying hens, 30 weeks of age, were divided into two groups. The first group served as controls and were fed on a standard commercial layer diet. The second group were fed on a commercial layer diet that was not supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins. Egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, food consumption and food efficiency of the birds in each group were determined. In the unsupplemented group, egg production (0.75 vs 0.83) and food intake (114 vs 122 g) were lower than the those of the control group (P < 0.05). Food efficiency was 2.42 (kg food/kg gain) in the group consuming the unsupplemented diet and 2.36 in the controls. 4. In the third trial, as in Trial 2, Hisex Brown laying hens, 62 weeks of age were used. In the unsupplemented group, the mean egg weight was significantly lower than that of controls (68.0 vs 69.6 g) (P < 0.01). 5. At the end of the second and third trials, egg samples collected from experimental groups were hard boiled in water. The levels of zinc, manganese, copper and iron in the egg yolk were determined. The zinc level of the egg yolk from the control group of second trial was higher (23.5 mg/kg) than those of the unsupplemented group (13.6 mg/kg).

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Lack of a relation between vitamin and mineral antioxidants and bone mineral density: results from the Women's Health Initiative.

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant defenses are one possible mechanism for decreasing oxidative damage and its potentially negative effects on age-related bone mass. OBJECTIVE: This study cross-sectionally examined whether higher dietary intakes, total intakes, and serum concentrations of antioxidants may be associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD). DESIGN: Total hip (and subregions), spine, and total-body BMDs were measured in 11,068 women aged 50-79 y enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trial at 3 clinics. Antioxidant intakes from diet (vitamin A, retinol, beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) were estimated by using a self-reported food-frequency questionnaire. Antioxidants from supplements were estimated with an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A random subset (n = 379) had serum concentrations of retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols measured. RESULTS: After adjustment for important BMD-related covariates, increasing intakes of antioxidants were not independently associated with BMD. A significant interaction effect was observed between intake of total vitamin C (lower three-fourths compared with highest one-fourth) and use of hormone therapy (HT) (P < 0.01). The beneficial effect of current HT use on femoral neck BMD appeared to be greater in women with higher concentrations of total vitamin C. This interaction was also significant for total-body (P < 0.045), spine (P = 0.03), and total-hip BMDs (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support independent associations between dietary intake, total intake, or serum concentrations of antioxidants and BMD in women participating in the Women's Health Initiative. The extent to which HT use may interact with vitamin C intake and BMD warrants further exploration.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Mineralization of different bones in streptozotocin-diabetic rats: study on the concentration of eight minerals.

Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was studied in male and female rats weighing 188 and 145 g, respectively, at the start of the experiment. After 79 days in the diabetic condition the weights and lengths of different bones were less in the diabetic rats than in two nondiabetic control groups, i.e., ad libitum fed and a group restricted in food intake to achieve the same body weight as the diabetic rats. The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium were similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups, whereas the concentrations of iron and zinc were higher in the diabetic rats. Results for the concentration of potassium, magnesium, and chromium showed a less uniform pattern between groups and between males and females. It is concluded that the length and weight of bones in diabetic rats are less than nondiabetic rats of the same body weight. This results in a lower total amount of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and chromium. This observation was similar in all three bones studied. Therefore, prolonged streptozotocin-induced diabetes does interfere with the normal pattern of bone mineralization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effects of intramuscularly administered vitamin D3, 25- and 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in cows on plasma mineral content, plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and on mineral deposits in soft tissues.

The investigations were carried out to evaluate potential side effects of a prophylaxis with high doses of vitamin D3 and vitamin D metabolites in parturient paresis. For this reason, 10(7) IU vitamin D3 (= 250 mg), 4 mg 25-OHD3 or 420 micrograms 1 alpha-OHD3 were applied to non-gravid dairy cows at the end of lactation. The application was repeated 3 times at one week intervals and the changes of the mineral concentration and 25-OHD were measured in the plasma. The pathomorphological changes in the cardio-vascular system and other organs were examined macro- and microscopically. The application of vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3 led to an immediate and continuous increase of the 25-OHD concentration in the plasma. On the other hand, administration of 1 alpha-OHD3 resulted in a decrease of the 25-OHD level. After the application of vitamin D3 and 1 alpha-OHD3, the Ca and Pi concentration increased significantly. After 25-OHD3, the Ca concentration decreased below the initial level in the second week. The administration of all 3 compounds led to a significant decrease of the Mg concentration after the first injection. The administration of vitamin D3 and 1 alpha-OHD3 resulted in a significantly more pronounced calcinosis of inner organs while after the application of 25-OHD3 only occasionally calcium deposits were observed in the vascular system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Caries reduction in rats through F + Mg supplementation of dietary sucrose with observations on bone mineral density and soft and hard tissue minerals.

Two control diets with different sucrose contents (44% and 22%) were given to weanling rats for 55 d. The test diets were supplemented with an F + Mg combination, 75 parts/10(6) F as NaF + 50 parts/10(6) Mg as MgO and 38 parts/10(6) F + 25 parts/10(6) Mg, respectively, i.e. using the same supplement/sucrose ratio in each test diet. The supplementation in each test diet caused the same percentage fissure caries reduction, but the absolute mean caries scores were higher in the high-sucrose groups than in the respective low-sucrose groups. Enamel solubility was reduced by the supplementation. Despite the high fluoride supplementation, no untoward effects were recorded in growth and in aortic, heart, and renal calcium contents. Bone mineral density was reduced in the low-sucrose controls and slightly reduced in the high-sucrose F + Mg supplemented rats, as compared with the high-sucrose controls.

Animals↗