Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MALT”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Infrequent somatic Fas mutations but no evidence of Bcl10 mutations or t(11;18) in primary cutaneous MALT-type lymphoma.

Genetic alterations that allow tumour cells to evade apoptosis have recently been identified as key features of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT-type lymphoma). The t(11;18), which produces the putative anti-apoptotic fusion protein API2-MALT1, has been identified in a large proportion of extracutaneous MALT-type lymphomas and a smaller fraction of tumours harbour mutations that inactivate the pro-apoptotic functions of Fas and Bcl10. The present study has examined the status of these genes in 19 primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs), 12 of which were MALT-type lymphomas according to the WHO classification. None of the 19 PCBCLs carried the t(11;18) and tumour-specific Bcl10 alterations were not identified at the genomic level or at the mRNA level. Somatic Fas mutations causing truncation of the Fas receptor were identified in two MALT-type lymphomas. Both patients with Fas mutant PCBCL exhibited benign conditions of dysregulated lymphoproliferation. One had autoimmune diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis and the other had a 25-year history of recurrent cutaneous pseudo-lymphomas. It is suggested that Fas mutation permits the survival and hence the accumulation of autoreactive B cells. This expansion of autoreactive B cells is analogous to the expansion of B cells chronically stimulated by exogenous antigens in the development of MALT-type lymphoma.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2006

New possibilities of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze barley malt quality. Highly sensitive detection of mycotoxins.

The occurrence of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities is a major health concern for livestock, humans, and the environment. Barley and subsequently malt quality is of fundamental importance to obtain good quality beer. Classical methods of analysis often require tedious, laborious, and expensive processes. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) instrumentation enables highly sensitive and fast analysis and/or detection using a very small sample. The possibilities of MALDI-TOF MS for he identification and/or detection of trichothecene mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), respectively) in barley malt were examined, and it was found that almost all classical MALDI matrices failed to ionize the compounds being studied. This detailed study of the ionization conditions and the search for unconventional matrices led to the discovery of suitable MALDI matrices, which enable ionization of trichothecene mycotoxins. These were: fine powdered synthetic diamond, sodium azide, or hydrazine hydrate. It is possible to detect 8.5 x 10(-12) mol (2.5 ng) of deoxynivalenol or 64 x 10(-12) mol (20 ng) of nivalenol in just 1 microL of barley malt extract (equivalent to 600 microg of DON in 1 kg of barley malt). The procedure developed enables fast determination of DON and NIV in barley, malt, or similar products.

Beer↗
PubMed2003

111In-DOTA- dPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide, 111In-DOTA-lanreotide and 67Ga citrate scintigraphy for visualisation of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the MALT type: a comparative study.

Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy and gallium-67 citrate ((67)Ga) scintigraphy have been used for visualisation of Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, experience with B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type is very limited. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the (67)Ga scintigraphy results with those obtained by (111)In-DOTA- dPhe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide ((111)In-DOTA-TOCT) and (111)In-DOTA-lanreotide ((111)In-DOTA-LAN) scintigraphy in patients with proven MALT-type lymphoma. Comparative scintigraphic examinations using (67)Ga, (111)In-DOTA-TOCT and (111)In-DOTA-LAN were performed in 18 patients (11 female and 7 male, median age 64+/-15 years) with histologically verified MALT-type lymphomas of various origin. Planar and single-photon emission tomography imaging acquisitions were performed after injection of a mean dose of 185+/-26 MBq (67)Ga and 165+/-20 MBq (111)In-DOTA-TOCT or (111)In-DOTA-LAN. All scintigraphic results were correlated with other conventional examinations including gastroscopy, colonoscopy, endosonoscopy, ophthalmologic investigation, CT of the thorax and abdomen and bone marrow biopsy. This comparative study showed that (67)Ga scintigraphy found abnormalities in 10 of 16 patients (63%) and detected 18 of 31 clinically involved sites (58%), but was false positive in three patients. (111)In-DOTA-TOCT found abnormalities in 9 of 15 patients (60%) and detected 15 of 27 clinical lesions (56%); it was false positive in two patients. (111)In-DOTA-LAN scintigraphy showed abnormalities in 7 of 11 patients (64%) and found 12 of 22 clinical lesions (55%). False-positive (111)In-DOTA-LAN scan results were found in two patients. For supra-diaphragmatic lesions, (67)Ga scintigraphy detected 12 of 16 sites (75%). (111)In-DOTA-TOCT scintigraphy revealed 7 of 15 lesions (47%). (111)In-DOTA-LAN showed 6 of 12 positive sites (50%). For infra-diaphragmatic involvement, the sensitivities of (67)Ga, (111)In-DOTA-TOCT and (111)In-DOTA-LAN were 40%, 67% and 60%, respectively. It is concluded that MALT-type lymphoma can be visualised by (67)Ga, (111)In-DOTA-TOCT and (111)In-DOTA-LAN scintigraphy. Although there were no statistically significant differences in patient-related and site-related sensitivities when using (67)Ga compared with (111)In-DOTA-TOCT and (111)In-DOTA-LAN, the sensitivity of (67)Ga tended to be superior to that of (111)In-DOTA-TOCT and (111)In-DOTA-LAN for supra-diaphragmatic lesions but inferior for infra-diaphragmatic involvement. In selected cases, the combination of (67)Ga and (111)In-DOTA-LAN or (111)In-DOTA-TOCT may increase the diagnostic efficiency in patients with MALT-type lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

[Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type].

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the MALT type constitute, with around 8% of all B-cell lymphomas, the third most frequent lymphoma in the Western hemisphere. Their unifying characteristic principle is their origin in organs that are typically devoid of a regular lymphatic parenchyma ("primary" MALT). In contrast, "secondary" MALT is acquired in these sites by chronic inflammatory processes triggered by chronic infections or autoimmune diseases. The organotypic characteristics of these particular lymphoid tumours are also mirrored by organ-specific precursor lesions and in tumour biology. Usually, MALT-type lymphomas remain confined to their site of origin for a long time, disseminating only late during the course of the disease. Hence, they may be controlled by local treatment (excision, irradiation). Moreover, the distinctive genetic constitution of MALT-type lymphomas, although varying from organ to organ, indicates particular transformation pathways obviously related to the specific precursor lesion and, hence, of organ-specific quality.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed2000

[Marginal zone lymphomas: extranodal MALT type, nodal and splenic].

Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MCL) of extranodal, nodal and splenic origin appear to be different lymphoma entities with a similar growth pattern in the marginal zone of the B-follicles. Decisive for the detection of MCL as a distinct lymphoma entity was the "MALT concept" for lymphoid infiltrates in the gastric and intestinal mucosa as described by Isaacson et al. in the 1980's. Immunohistological stainings for the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains and molecular pathological studies of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene configuration have subsequently confirmed the neoplastic nature of the extranodal infiltrates and differentiated marginal zone cells from mantle zone cells. In 1994, the MCL of MALT type as well as of nodal and splenic origin were included in the REAL classification and in 1998 in the new WHO classification for lymphomas. Meanwhile extranodal MCL of MALT-type have been observed in almost every organ and site of the body, by far most frequently in the gastric mucosa. Beside the typical growth pattern, lymphoepithelial lesions are a distinct diagnostic feature of extranodal MCL. Clinically, the small cell extranodal MCL show a very good prognosis with regression after treatment. As for nodal and splenic MCL, we need further studies to evaluate the prognostic aspects and to compare them with other B-cell lymphomas. The same is true for primary extranodal large B-cell lymphomas or blastic transformation to a large cell lymphoma; in these tumors the diagnosis of a MALT type lymphoma should only be made if a small cell component with MALT-specific criteria can be proved.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Yeasts in an industrial malting ecosystem.

The malting ecosystem consists of two components: the germinating cereal grains and the complex microbial community. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi are an important part of this ecosystem, but the composition and the effects of this microbial group have been largely unknown. In this study we surveyed the development of yeasts and yeast-like fungi in four industrial scale malting processes. A total of 136 malting process samples were collected and examined for the presence of yeasts growing at 15, 25 and 37 degrees C. More than 700 colonies were isolated and characterized. The isolates were discriminated by PCR-fingerprinting with microsatellite primer (M13). Yeasts representing different fingerprint types were identified by sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene. Furthermore, identified yeasts were screened for the production of alpha-amylase, beta-glucanase, cellulase and xylanase. A numerous and diverse yeast community consisting of both ascomycetous (25) and basidiomycetous (18) species was detected in the various stages of the malting process. The most frequently isolated ascomycetous yeasts belonged to the genera Candida, Clavispora, Galactomyces, Hanseniaspora, Issatchenkia, Pichia, Saccharomyces and Williopsis and the basidiomycetous yeasts to Bulleromyces, Filobasidium, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Trichosporon. In addition, two ascomycetous yeast-like fungi (black yeasts) belonging to the genera Aureobasidium and Exophiala were commonly detected. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi produced extracellular hydrolytic enzymes with a potentially positive contribution to the malt enzyme spectrum. Knowledge of the microbial diversity provides a basis for microflora management and understanding of the role of microbes in the cereal germination process.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2006

It does the job: Young adults discuss their malt liquor consumption.

Young adult men and women (N=53) who regularly consume malt liquor (i.e., 40 oz/week) participated in 10 semi-structured focus groups. Group transcripts were analyzed using a multilevel process that focused on recurring themes across multiple groups. Commonly identified themes encompassed positive and negative qualities of malt liquor as well as contexts in which malt liquor was consumed. Some of the themes were corroborated by quantitative data on drinking behavior and other variables. The focus groups were designed to explore the unique characteristics of malt liquor (low price, high alcohol content, large volume packaging) that enhance consumption patterns and increase risk for excessive alcohol use. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data provides a unique and useful perspective for identifying issues for future research on malt liquor consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Two domains of MalT, the activator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon, bear determinants essential for anti-activation by MalK.

MalT, the dedicated transcriptional activator of the maltose regulon in Escherichia coli, is subject to multiple controls. Maltotriose, the inducer, promotes MalT self-association, a critical step in promoter binding, whereas three proteins acting as negative allosteric effectors (MalK, the ABC-component of the maltodextrin transporter, MalY, and Aes) antagonize maltotriose binding. All of these regulatory signals are integrated by a novel signal transduction module that comprises three out of the four MalT structural domains: DT1, the ATP-binding domain that contains determinants recognized by the negative effectors, DT2, and DT3, the maltotriose-binding domain. For a better insight into the role of DT3 in signal integration, we PCR mutagenized the DT3-encoding region and screened for gain of function mutations in a malK+ strain in the absence of repression by MalY or Aes. Most of the mutations isolated alter one of seven residues that are located in DT3 helices 10 and 11, or in the turn between them and delineate a surface-exposed motif. In vivo and in vitro analyses revealed that the substitutions altering the so-called H10/H11 motif do not affect the ability of MalT to activate transcription or its sensitivity to MalY and Aes, but dramatically decrease its sensitivity to MalK. We propose that MalT/MalK interaction might involve two distinct contact sites on each partner. These sites would be located in DT1 and DT3 of MalT, and in the nucleotide-binding domain and the regulatory domain of MalK. Such a two-point interaction model would explain how the regulatory activity of MalK might be coupled to transport.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed2005

Effect of selenium-enriched malt on hepatocarcinogenesis, paraneoplastic syndrome and the hormones regulating blood glucose in rats treated by diethylnitrosamine.

233 SD rats weighing 100 approximately 120 g were divided randomly into 6 groups. The animals in group I and group II received 0.1 mg/kg selenium in the form of sodium selenite only and served as the negative control and positive control, respectively. Animals in groups III, IV and V were fed with selenium as Se-enriched malt supplemented diets (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg), and group VI with selenium by using sodium selenite supplemented diets (3 mg/kg). Animals of groups II approximately VI were induced hepatoma by diethylnitrosamine (100 mg/l) for 16 weeks, then drunk with sterilized water for 2 more weeks. Subsequently, the effects of Se-enriched malt and sodium selenite on hepatoma nodules, relative liver weight, the liver function indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBIL), and the tumor markers, named as gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) were recorded. The calcium concentration, glucose content in plasma and values of the hormones regulating blood glucose, such as insulin, glucagons and thyroid hormones (3,5,3'-tetraiodothyronine, T(3); 3,5,3'5'-tetraiodothyronine, T(4)) were observed as well. At the same time, the correlations between the concentration of plasma glucose and related hormones were also analyzed. The results indicated that Se-enriched malt showed a better chemopreventive efficiency in decreasing the number of hepatoma nodules, relative liver weight and the contents of AFP, GGT, IGF-II, ALT, ALP and TBIL in the plasma, and delaying the descent of hormones in the serum, names as insulin, glucagons, T(3) and T(4) than those feeding with sodium selenite. Effect of Se-enriched malt excelled sodium selenite in the aspects of deadening the descent of glucose concentration in the plasma and the rise of calcium concentration in the serum of the rats with hepatoma induced by diethylnitrosamine. The values of glucose and calcium were significantly related to those items fore-named. In conclusion, the function of Se-enriched malt in deadening the lesion and delaying the development of hepatoma of rats induced by diethylnitrosamine was better than that of sodium selenite. Hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia were significantly correlated with the multifactors mentioned above.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans from rice and ragi: changes upon malting and their consequence on antioxidant activity.

The objective of this study is to determine the changes brought about by germination on water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans (feraxans), one of the major components of soluble fibre from rice and ragi and their consequence on antioxidant activity. Soluble feraxans, isolated from native and malted rice and ragi were fractionated on DEAE-cellulose. Ferulic acid content of the major [0.1 molar ammonium carbonate (AC) eluted] fraction was higher in malts (rice: 1045 microg/g; ragi: 1404 microg/g) than in native (rice: 119 microg/g; ragi: 147 microg/g) and this fraction was separated by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography into two peaks each in rice (native: 232 and 24.4 kDa; malt: 75.4 and 39.6 kDa) and ragi (native: 140 and 15.4 kDa; malt: 38.9 and 15.4 kDa). 0.1 molar AC eluted fractions showed very strong antioxidant activity in vitro as determined by beta-carotene-linoleate emulsion (IC50: 0.16-0.24 mg), DPPH* (IC50: 4.1-11.4 mg) and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power, FRAP (EC1: 0.76-3.1mg) assays. Antioxidant activity of feraxans was several (4.9-1400) folds higher than the expected activity due to their bound ferulic acid content. Apart from ferulic acid, presence of sugars with >C=O (uronyl/acetyl) groups and degree/nature of glycan-polymerization were observed to influence antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides. Malting resulted in many dynamic changes in the ferulic acid content in different feraxan types and affected their antioxidant activity.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2004

FAS (CD95) mutations are rare in gastric MALT lymphoma but occur more frequently in primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

A loss of FAS (CD95) function has been proposed to constitute an important step in early mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma development and FAS mutations have been recognized in malignant lymphomas, in particular at extranodal sites. Since primary gastric lymphomas frequently exhibit resistance to FAS-mediated apoptosis, we investigated whether FAS is mutated in 18 gastric MALT lymphomas and 28 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). We detected seven mutations in five lymphomas, one MALT lymphoma and four DLBCL; two DLBCL had two mutations. The MALT lymphoma exhibited a point mutation in the splice donor region of intron 3. Three DLBCL had missense mutations in exon 2, which encodes a signal peptide and a portion of the extracellular FAS ligand-binding domain. One DLBCL carried a point mutation in the splice donor region of intron 8, which would result in exon skipping. Two DLBCL harbored a missense mutation in exon 9, which encodes the intracellular death domain. The two death domain mutations inhibited FAS ligand-induced apoptosis in a dominant-negative mode, when transiently expressed in human T47D breast carcinoma and Jurkat T cells. A signal peptide and an extracellular domain mutation, however, failed to inhibit apoptosis in these transfection assays. They are likely to reduce apoptosis in lymphoma cells solely by a loss of function. In summary, our data show that FAS mutations are rare in primary gastric MALT lymphomas (5.6%) but occur in a subset of primary gastric DLBCL (14.3%) and suggest that these mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric lymphomas by rendering lymphocytes resistant to apoptosis.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2000

BCL10 expression in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissue. Nuclear localization in MALT lymphoma.

BCL10 is an apoptotic regulatory molecule identified through its direct involvement in t(1;14)(p22;q32) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. We examined BCL10 protein expression in various normal tissues and B-cell lymphomas by immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using mouse BCL10 monoclonal antibodies. BCL10 protein was expressed in lymphoid tissue but not in 21 various other tissues with the exception of breast. In normal B-cell follicles, the protein was expressed abundantly in the germinal center B cells, moderately in the marginal zone, but only weakly in the mantle zone B cells. Irrespective of their stage of B-cell maturation, BCL10 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm. In contrast, each of the four MALT lymphomas with t(1;14)(p22;q32) showed strong BCL10 expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Twenty of 36 (55%) MALT lymphomas lacking the translocation exhibited BCL10 expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm although at a much lower level, whereas the remaining 16 cases displayed only cytoplasmic BCL10. Unlike MALT lymphoma, both follicular and mantle cell lymphomas generally displayed BCL10 expression compatible to their normal cell counterparts. Our results show differential expression of BCL10 protein among various B-cell populations of the B-cell follicle, indicating its importance in B-cell maturation. The subcellular localization of BCL10 was frequently altered in MALT lymphoma in comparison with its normal cell counterparts, suggesting that ectopic BCL10 expression may be important in the development of this type of tumor.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed2000

Helicobacter heilmannii-associated primary gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma: complete remission after curing the infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection may lead to complete remission of associated low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in stage EI. This study investigated whether Helicobacter heilmannii infection-associated primary gastric MALT lymphoma will regress after cure of the infection. METHODS: H. heilmannii-induced gastritis was diagnosed histologically, by a new specific immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and with 16S ribosomal RNA amplification and sequencing in 5 consecutive patients with primary gastric MALT lymphoma clinical stage EI. Patients received 40 mg omeprazole and 750 mg amoxicillin 3 times per day for 14 days. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes before treatment and during follow-up. RESULTS: Five patients (3 men, 2 women; mean age, 65 years; range, 42-79 years) were studied. H. pylori was not detected by culture, histology, serology, or PCR. Treatment resulted in the cure of H. heilmannii infection in each case and complete histological and endoscopic remission of the tumors. Three of 5 patients showed monoclonal B cells before treatment, 2 of whom remained PCR positive. Within a median follow-up period of 24 months, no relapse of the lymphoma or reinfection with H. heilmannii occurred. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that gastric MALT lymphoma may arise in patients with H. heilmannii infection. Cure of this infection may lead to complete remission of the MALT lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.

Lymphoma of gastric-mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) type has been linked to infection with Helicobacter pylori. We investigated the effect on MALT lymphoma of eradicating H pylori infection. 33 patients with primary gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma associated with H pylori gastritis were treated with omeprazole (120 mg daily) and amoxycillin (2.25 g daily) for 14 days to eradicate H pylori. In addition to histology, PCR was used to examine proliferation of monoclonal B cells before treatment and during follow-up. All patients had at least two post-treatment examinations, and all became negative for H pylori, 2 after a second treatment course. On histology, 23 (70%) patients showed complete regression and 4 (12%) partial regression of lymphoma. 6 (18%) patients had no change after cure of H pylori infection. 1 was treated with chemotherapy. Of 5 treated surgically, 4 were found to have high-grade B-cell lymphoma on histology of the resected stomach and 1 a high-grade T-cell lymphoma. PCR showed complete disappearance of monoclonal B cells after cure of H pylori infection in 13 of 16 patients investigated. During median follow-up of 1 year no relapse of MALT lymphoma occurred. Low-grade primary gastric MALT lymphoma can completely regress after eradication of H pylori infection. However, longer follow-up is needed to clarify whether the remission is lasting.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue) lymphoma of the palpebral conjunctiva].

BACKGROUND: MALT (Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue) lymphomas of the conjunctiva belong to the extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. This site, while standard, is uncommon. CASE-REPORT: A pink papular tumor developed on the lower eyelid of a 59-year-old woman. Sarcoidosis was diagnosed 9 years earlier associated with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and erythema nodosum not requiring treatment. Histological examination yielded a diagnosis of conjunctival MALT lymphoma. No visceral involvement was demonstrated. Radiotherapy (30 Gy) induced a complete response. A remote lesion developed on the patient's arm 18 months later. No other sites were found. Further radiotherapy (26 Gy) again induced complete remission. No new lesions were seen after 24 months of follow-up. DISCUSSION: This case is interesting because of the association of a MALT lymphoma and previous sarcoidosis, described in the literature as "sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome". Association of sarcoidosis with MALT lymphoma is infrequent. Treatment of conjunctival MALT lymphoma is standardized. Radiotherapy offers excellent efficacy and is well tolerated at this site. Regular and long-term follow-up is required. Local and distant relapse can occur.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2001

Stage I and II MALT lymphoma: results of treatment with radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a distinct disease with specific clinical and pathologic features that may affect diverse organs. We analyzed our recent experience with Stage I/II MALT lymphoma presenting in the stomach and other organs to assess the outcome following involved field radiation therapy (RT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with Stage IE (62) and IIE (8) disease were treated between 1989 and 1998. Patients with transformed MALT were excluded. The median age was 62 years (range, 24--83 years), M:F ratio 1:2.2. Presenting sites included stomach, 15; orbital adnexa, 19; salivary glands, 15; thyroid, 8; lung, 5; upper airways, 3 (nasopharynx, 2; larynx, 1); urinary bladder, 3; breast, 1; and rectum, 1. Staging included site-specific imaging, CT abdomen in 66 patients (94%) and bone marrow biopsy in 54 (77%). Sixty-two patients received radiation therapy: 52 received RT alone, 7 received chemotherapy and RT, and 3 received antibiotics followed by RT. Median RT dose was 30 Gy (range, 17.5--35 Gy). Most frequently used RT prescriptions were 25 Gy (26 patients-18 orbit, 6 stomach, and 2 salivary glands), 30 Gy (23 patients), and 35 Gy (8 patients). Five patients had complete surgical excision of lymphoma and no other treatment (stomach 1, salivary 2, lung 2), whereas 2 patients with gastric lymphoma received antibiotics only. One patient refused treatment and was excluded from the analysis of treatment outcome, leaving 69 patients with a median follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 0.3-11.4 years). RESULTS: A complete response was achieved in 66/69 patients, and 3 patients had partial response (2 lung, 1 orbit). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 76%, and the overall survival was 96%. No relapses were observed in patients with stomach and thyroid lymphoma. The 5-year DFS for these patients was 93%, in contrast to 69% for patients presenting in other sites (p = 0.006). Among the 5 patients treated with surgery only, 2 relapsed locally (lung, and minor salivary gland). Among 62 patients who received RT, 8 relapsed (2 salivary, 3 orbit, 1 nasopharynx, 1 larynx, 1 breast). Three patients relapsed in the nonirradiated contralateral paired organ, 4 in distant sites, and 1 in both local and distant sites. The overall local control rate with radiation was 97% (60/62 patients). CONCLUSION: Localized MALT lymphomas have excellent prognosis following moderate-dose RT. Gastric and thyroid MALT lymphomas have better early outcome, as compared to the other sites where distant failure is more common. Relapses were observed in nonirradiated paired organs or distant sites. Further follow-up is required to assess the impact of failure on survival.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative study of the formation of endoproteolytic activities during malting and their stabilities to kilning.

The proteinases of germinating barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hydrolyze storage proteins into amino acids and small peptides that can be used by the growing plant or, during brewing, by yeast. They are critical for the malting and brewing processes because several aspects of brewing are affected by the amounts of protein, peptide, and amino acids that are in the wort. This study was carried out to quantitatively measure when endoproteinases form in green malt and whether they are inactivated at the high temperatures that occur during malt kilning. Little endoproteolytic activity was present in ungerminated barley, but the activities began forming 1 day into the "germination" phase of malting, and they were nearly maximal by the third germination day. Quantitative studies with azogelatin "in solution" assays showed that the green malt endoproteolytic activities were not inactivated under commercial kilning conditions that use temperatures as high as 85 degrees C but that some actually increased during the final kilning step. Qualitative (2-D, IEF x PAGE) analyses, which allow the study of individual proteases, showed that some of the enzymes were affected by heating at 68 and 85 degrees C, during the final stages of kilning. These changes obviously did not, however, decrease the overall proteolytic activity.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed2001

Improvement of malt modification by use of Rhizopus VII as starter culture.

The development of a selected starter culture on malting barley and its effects on malt quality aspects were studied. Application of Rhizopus sporangiospores in a malting process resulted in increased beta-glucanase and xylanase contents of the malting barley and improved starchy endosperm cell-wall degradation. Activation of the sporangiospores and optimization of the inoculation procedure led to a further increase in enzyme levels and to larger and more consistent impacts on cell-wall modification. Whereas the main effect of the starter culture on beta-glucan degradation was observed during malting, a further decrease in beta-glucan during mashing suggests that the microbial enzymes that survived the kilning step were active during mashing. Other quality aspects that were influenced by the starter culture activity were protein modification, wort color, and wort pH. The level of microbial enzymes produced was related to the amount of barley kernels infected with the starter culture.

Cell Wall↗