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PubMed1995

Effects of protein energy malnutrition on circulating thyroid hormones.

The effect of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) in the children on serum levels of total thyroxine (TT4), total triodothyronine (TT3) and thyrotropin (TSH) were evaluated. There were 107 children aged 2 to 60 months in the malnutrition group and 54 healthy age and sex matched controls. Serum TT4 and TT3 were all reduced in the malnutrition group. This decrease in TT3 was more significant (p < 0.01) in severe malnutrition than in mild PEM. Serum TSH levels in the malnutrition and control groups were similar. These results suggest that the children remained euthyroid and represent an adaptive response to protein energy malnutrition.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1997

Acute protein-calorie malnutrition impairs wound healing: a possible role of decreased wound nitric oxide synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is synthesized in wounds. Systemic inhibition of wound nitric oxide synthesis decreases wound collagen accumulation and wound mechanical strength. The role of nitric oxide during impaired healing is not known. In a model of impaired wound healing induced by acute protein-calorie malnutrition, we correlated wound healing parameters with wound nitric oxide synthesis. STUDY DESIGN: One group of Sprague-Dawley rats was rendered acutely malnourished by restricting its food intake to 50 percent of the food intake of an ad libitum-fed control group. Wound collagen accumulation and types I and III collagen gene expression were measured 10 days postwounding in subcutaneously implanted polyvinyl alcohol sponges. Nitric oxide synthesis was determined in wound fluid and in supernatants of wound cell cultures. RESULTS: Animals with acute protein-calorie malnutrition lost 10.4 +/- 0.8 percent, while controls gained 17.5 +/- 1.2 percent of their original body weight. Protein-calorie malnutrition reduced sponge hydroxyproline contents (995 +/- 84 compared with 1,580 +/- 109 micrograms/100 mg sponge, p < .001), indicating diminished wound collagen accumulation. Gene expression of type III, but not type I, collagen was decreased in wounds of protein-calorie malnutrition animals. Nitrite/nitrate and citrulline concentrations in wound fluid (p < .01) and in wound cell supernatants (p < .001) were also lower in protein-calorie malnutrition animals, indicating a net decrease in nitric oxide production. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired wound collagen accumulation caused by protein-calorie malnutrition may be a reflection of reduced nitric oxide synthesis within the wound.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein-energy malnutrition as a consequence of the hospitalization of gastroenterologic patients].

The effects of the clinical and dietetics in patient managements on the protein-energy status of hospitalized patients were retrospectively (four yr) investigated in 243 adult (49 +/- 16 yr), male (168) and female (75) patients suffering from chronic liver diseases (42%), intestinal diseases with diarrhea (14%), digestive cancers (11%), chronic pancreatitis (10%), stomach and duodenum diseases (7%), acute pancreatitis (7%), primary protein-energy malnutrition (3%), esophagus diseases (3%), intestinal diseases with constipation 14 (2%) and chronic alcoholism (2%). The protein-energy nutritional status assessed by combinations of anthropometric and blood parameters showed 75% of protein energy malnutrition at the hospital entry mostly (4/5) in severe and moderate grades. The overall average of hospitalization was 20 +/- 15 days being the shortest (13 +/- 5,7 days) for esophagus diseases and the longest (28 +/- 21 days) for the intestinal diseases with diarrhea patients which also received mostly (42%) of the enteral and/or parenteral feedings followed by acute pacreatitis (41%) and digestive cancers (31%) patients. When compared to the entry the protein-energy malnutrition rate at the discharge decreased only 5% despite the increasing of 30% found on the protein-energy intake. The main improvement of the protein-energy nutritional status were attained to those patients showing protein-energy malnutrition milder degrees at the entry which belonged mostly to primary protein-energy malnutrition, acute pancreatitis and intestinal diseases with diarrhea diseases. The later two groups showed protein-energy nutritional status improvement only after the second week of hospitalization. The digestive cancers patients had their protein-energy nutritional status worsened throughout the hospitalization whereas it happened only in the first week for the intestinal diseases with diarrhea and chronic liver diseases patients, improving thereafter up to the discharge. The protein-energy nutritional status improvement found in few patients could be attributed to some complementary factors such as theirs mild degree of protein-energy malnutrition at entry and/or non-invasive propedeutics and/or enteral-parenteral feddings and/or longer hospitalization staying. The institutional causes for the unexpected lack of nutritional responses by the patients were probably the high demand for the few available beds which favour the hospitalization of the most severed patients and the university-teaching pressure for the high rotation of the available beds. Both often resulting in early discharging. In persisting the current physical area and attendance demand one could suggest an aggressive support early at the entry preceding and/or accompanying the more invasive propedeutical procedures.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Malnutrition in children with cancer: incidence and consequence.

Overt malnutrition in children with cancer is seen with surprising frequency: up to 37.5% in a group of patients with disease metastatic to or from bone, and 17.5% in a group of newly diagnosed patients with abdominal or pelvic tumors. It appears more frequent in some cancers. e.g., Ewing's sarcoma, than in others, e.g., osteosarcoma. Criteria for diagnosis of overt malnutrition are applicable to the child with cancer. Such overt malnutrition can be successfully and safely treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Marginal malnutrition is a state that can be inferred from clinical behavior, although it cannot be objectively diagnosed as yet. Early data suggest that deterioration to overt malnutrition can be averted through IVH. Such nutritional intervention may increase chemotherapeutic tolerance and improve immune defenses. Since childhood cancer is beginning to frequently show excellent outcome, the association of malnutrition with progressive disease strongly suggests investigation of the role of nutritional support.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2001

Dietary advice for illness-related malnutrition in adults.

BACKGROUND: Illness-related malnutrition has been reported in 10-55% of people in hospital and in ill people in the community in areas of food sufficiency. It has been suggested that dietary counseling to encourage the use of energy- and protein-rich foods should be used in preference to oral nutritional supplements in the management of illness-related malnutrition. OBJECTIVES: To examine the evidence that dietary advice, to improve nutritional intake, in adults with illness-related malnutrition can improve survival, weight and anthropometry and to estimate the size of any additional effect of whole protein nutritional supplements when given in combination with dietary advice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Six electronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ERIC and Dissertation Abstracts). Additional studies were sought by contacting dietitians, clinicians and the manufacturers of nutritional supplements. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials of dietary advice compared with no advice, oral nutritional supplements and dietary advice plus oral nutritional supplements in people with illness-related malnutrition. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed the trial eligibility, methodological quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen trials (16 comparisons) met the inclusion criteria. An additional group of six trials were identified during searching which compared dietary advice plus supplements if required with no advice. These trials have been included in the review as an additional comparison. The review includes 1185 randomised participants from a variety of clinical backgrounds. The duration of follow-up was from six weeks to 12 months. Nine trials reported clearly concealed randomisation and allocation and two trials reported blinding of outcome assessment. Nine trials reported outcomes in an unusable format. Gain in weight was significantly higher for groups consuming supplements with or without advice, compared with advice alone. Energy intake was significantly improved in those consuming supplements compared with those receiving advice alone. There was insufficient data on group differences in functional outcomes and mortality. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the lack of evidence for the provision of dietary advice in the management of illness-related malnutrition. The available data suggest that oral nutritional supplements have a greater role than dietary advice in the improvement of body weight and energy intake. A large adequately powered randomised controlled trial is needed to compare the efficacy of different forms of therapy to increase dietary intake in people with illness-related malnutrition and to examine the impact of this on clinical function and survival.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Different genetic backgrounds for malnutrition-related diabetes and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in south Indians.

HLA-DRB, -DQA and -DQB genes were studied in ten South Indian malnutrition-related diabetic patients, ten Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 45 control subjects, by TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The DR7,DQw9 haplotype was found to be frequent in patients with malnutrition-related diabetes (p less than 0.01). The DRw17,DQw2 haplotype was overrepresented in the patients with Type 1 diabetes compared to control subjects (p less than 0.05). In vitro amplification of the polymorphic second exon of DQB genes by the polymerase chain reaction technique was performed on DNA from 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients, 10 Type 1 diabetic patients and 13 control subjects, as they belong to a new population. Hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes for DQB1 alleles showed homozygosity of aspartic acid at position 57 in 7 of 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients compared to 2 of 10 Type 1 diabetic (p less than 0.05) and 15 of 45 control subjects (p less than 0.05). Homozygosity of non-aspartic acid at position 57 was present in 7 of 10 Type 1 diabetic compared to 0 of 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients (p less than 0.005) and 3 of 45 control subjects (p less than 0.05). This study has confirmed the association of DQB1 57 non-asp in South Indians with Type 1 diabetes. In addition, our data clearly show that the genetic background of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus is different from that of Type 1 diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus↗

PubMed1987

Effects of pre- and early postnatal protein malnutrition on carcass composition and lipoprotein lipase activity in male rats.

Little is known about the effects of pre- and early postnatal protein malnutrition on energy storage (e.g., carcass lipid) and expenditure (e.g., brown adipose tissue [BAT] thermogenesis) and their reversibility by nutritional rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of these experiments was to examine the permanence of prenatal and early postnatal protein malnutrition on energy balance in rats. Five weeks before mating and through gestation adult female rats were fed either a 25 or 8% casein diet (designated 25 or 8). Diet reversals were performed at birth and/or at weaning (designated B or W) and the pups were cross-fostered at birth. Thus, the groups were: 25-25B (controls), 8-25W (gestational and lactational protein malnutrition, 8-25B (gestational protein malnutrition), and 25-8B-25W (lactational protein malnutrition). Animals were weighed and sacrificed 200-250 days postpartum for carcass composition. Retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) and interscapular BAT (IBAT) wet weights and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were also measured in the 25-25B and 8-25W groups. Nutritional rehabilitation at birth (8-25B) resulted in normal body weights as adults. Lactational protein malnutrition (25-8B-25W) resulted in intermediate body weights to the controls (25-25W), which had the greatest weights, and the 8-25W group, which had the lowest weights. The 8-25W and 25-8B-25W rats also had significantly decreased carcass wet weight and total body water, fat and fat-free dry mass relative to the 25-25B and 8-25B groups, the latter two of which did not differ in their carcass composition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1996

In 1995 a correlation between malnutrition and poor outcome in critically ill patients still exists.

After more than two decades of nutritional awareness, we designed a prospective study to determine whether malnutrition is still a significant issue in hospitalized patients. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) were divided into well-nourished and malnourished groups, according to their nutritional status as assessed by serum albumin level and weight/height ratio. Severity of illness, as assessed by the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS), was used to further stratify the study population. All patients were followed clinically until discharge or death and their outcome recorded. Of 129 patients studied, 43% were malnourished. Length of hospital stay (p = n.s.), incidence of complications (p < 0.01), and number of patients not discharged from hospital (p < 0.05) were greater in the malnourished patients than in the well-nourished. In patients with less severe degrees of illness, the existence of malnutrition led to a worse outcome than in sicker patients. To further assess the clinical setting in which hospital-related malnutrition develops or is exacerbated, postoperative patients admitted to the ICU (n = 66) were also studied in a nutritional survey; the results of this survey indicate that: (a) the incidence of malnutrition in the surgical population is similar to that in the whole study population, and (b) hospital-related malnutrition in surgical patients mainly develops during their preoperative stay in general wards. Whereas our conclusion that patients' outcome is adversely affected by a poor nutritional status is not new or startling, malnutrition continues to be a persistent problem in hospitalized patients, which can be readily identified using simple and easily available indices and, furthermore, readily treated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Malnutrition and clinical outcomes: the case for medical nutrition therapy.

Malnutrition is not a new or a rare problem. In studies involving more than 1,327 hospitalized adult patients, 40% to 55% were found to be either malnourished or at risk for malnutrition, and up to 12% were severely malnourished. Surgical patients with likelihood of malnutrition are two to three times more likely to have minor and major complications as well as increased mortality; and their length of stay can be extended by 90% compared with the stay of well-nourished patients. Hospital charges are reported to be from 35% to 75% higher for malnourished patients than for well-nourished patients. Obtaining data to assess the nutritional status of patients is essential to optimal patient care, especially for patients at high risk for malnutrition. Nutrition assessment can be done with readily available and relatively inexpensive methods. But it is not enough to assess and identify malnutrition. Outcomes are improved and costs are saved only when appropriate intervention follows. This article identifies many well-conducted, published studies that support the findings that health outcomes of malnourished patients can be improved and that overall use of resources can be reduced by nutrition counseling, oral diet and oral supplements, enteral formula delivered via tube, and parenteral nutrition support via central or peripheral line. Early nutrition assessment and appropriate nutrition intervention must be accepted as essential for the delivery of quality health care. Appropriately selected nutrition support can address the problem of malnutrition, improve clinical outcomes, and help reduce the costs of health care.

Health Care Costs↗

PubMed2001

Association between renal insufficiency and malnutrition in older adults: results from the NHANES III.

BACKGROUND: The extent to which relevant confounding variables influence the recognized association between renal insufficiency and malnutrition is not known. This study examined whether renal insufficiency was associated with malnutrition, independent of relevant demographic, social, and medical conditions in noninstitutionalized adults 60 years of age and older. METHODS: Participants (5248) in the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 to 1994), a cross-sectional study, were examined in a multivariate logistic regression model. Participants were stratified into three groups of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by serum creatinine. Dietary and nutritional factors were estimated from 24-hour dietary recall, biochemistry measurements, anthropometry, and bioelectrical impedance. Participants were malnourished if they demonstrated at least three of the following five criteria: (1) serum albumin < or =37 g/L, (2) male weight < or =63.9 kg, female weight < or =51.8 kg, (3) serum cholesterol <4.1 mmol/L, (4) energy intake <15 kcal/kg/day, and (5) protein intake <0.5 g/kg/day. RESULTS: A GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was present in 2.3% of men and 2.6% of women; these participants demonstrated low energy and protein intake and higher serum markers of inflammation. Thirty-one percent of individuals with malnutrition demonstrated a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). In multivariate analysis, a GFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was independently associated with malnutrition [odds ratio 3.6 (2.0 to 6.6)] after adjustment for relevant demographic, social and medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that renal insufficiency is an important independent risk factor for malnutrition in older adults. Malnutrition should be considered, prevented, and treated as possible in persons with clinically important renal insufficiency. These results should be confirmed in a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Risk factors for the development of persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition in Burmese children.

To identify socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors for development of persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition in children, a case-control study was carried out in Burma. Cases were 67 children 1-59 months old hospitalized for diarrhoea lasting > 14 days and complicated by severe malnutrition; for each case, a healthy control child was selected who was age- and sex-matched from the same neighbourhood. Homes of cases and controls were visited for interviews and for direct observation of household child-care practices. Risk factors were catalogued and calculations made for relative risk and etiologic fractions. Risk factors that were associated with persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition included low family income, low education of mothers, unhygienic latrines, flies in the house and on the child, dirty appearance of child and mother, mother not using soap and water when washing child's hands, defaecation of child on floor, breastfeeding on demand, child eating food from floor, not feeding recommended weaning foods, and lack of knowledge by mother about causes of diarrhoea and about foods that prevent malnutrition. These results indicated that persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition in Burma is caused by a complex of several interrelated socioeconomic factors, unsanitary behaviour pertaining to personal hygiene, the practice of demand breastfeeding and lack of certain weaning foods, and low education of mothers who showed less knowledge about causes of diarrhoea and prevention of malnutrition.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed2006

Health impacts of macroeconomic crises and policies: determinants of variation in childhood malnutrition trends in Cameroon.

BACKGROUND: It is generally hypothesized that macro economic shocks worsen child health by lowering household economic status and limiting access to health care, but this proposition seldom has been tested empirically. We examined the effects of economic crises and adjustment programmes during the 1990s in Cameroon on childhood malnutrition in population subgroups and evaluated the household and health system mediators of these effects. METHODS: We used pooled cross-sectional data from two Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 1991 and 1998. In multivariate analysis, we stratified data on child sex and age, maternal education, and place and region of residence. We used a linear regression model to estimate the net effects of changes in average household economic status and maternal health seeking behaviour (MHSB) on changes in the prevalence of malnutrition for each stratum, adjusting for all other variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition in children younger than 3 years increased from 16 to 23% (P < 0.001) between 1991 and 1998. The increase in urban areas, from 13 to 15% (P = 0.391), mostly occurred in children of low-educated mothers. The increase in rural areas, from 19 to 25% (P < 0.001), mostly occurred in boys, children older than 6 months of age, those born to low-educated mothers, and those of low economic status. In urban areas, the advantage associated with higher maternal education was robust to all controls, and declines in economic status and MHSB were the mediators of increasing malnutrition. In rural areas, increase in malnutrition was higher in children with lower baseline economic status; decline in MHSB was a significant mediator of worsening nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: The negative nutritional effects during economic crises and adjustment programmes of the 1990s in Cameroon were largest among children of low socioeconomic status. Declines in household economic status and access to health care were the mediators of increasing malnutrition.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1995

Malnutrition and the brain: changing concepts, changing concerns.

Our conceptions of how malnutrition endured early in life affects brain development have evolved considerably since the mid-1960s. At that time, it was feared that malnutrition endured during certain sensitive periods in early development would produce irreversible brain damage possibly resulting in mental retardation and an impairment in brain function. We now know that most of the alterations in the growth of various brain structures eventually recover (to some extent), although permanent alterations in the hippocampus and cerebellum remain. However, recent neuropharmacological research has revealed long-lasting, if not permanent, changes in brain neural receptor function resulting from an early episode of malnutrition. These more recent findings indicate that the kinds of behaviors and cognitive functions impaired by malnutrition may be more related to emotional responses to stressful events than to cognitive deficits per se, the age range of vulnerability to these long-term effects of malnutrition may be much greater than we had suspected and the minimal amount of malnutrition (hunger) necessary to produce these long-term alterations is unknown.

Brain↗

PubMed1999

Social consequences of malnutrition.

Each year millions of people die from malnutrition-related problems. Those who survive are robbed of a healthy body, a sound intellect, and the hope for healthful living. Despite its global toll malnutrition is given limited attention by the world community; hence, it is generally viewed as a silent emergency by advocacy organizations. The causes and consequences of malnutrition are complex, and it will require the concerted efforts of all social institutions, including the social work profession, to combat malnutrition effectively. This article examines social determinants and consequences of malnutrition and suggests several social work actions that might be helpful toward minimizing malnutrition.

Developing Countries↗

PubMed2004

Evaluation of hospitalisation for indigenous children with malnutrition living in central Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of hospital admissions for indigenous children with malnutrition in a rural/remote Australian centre. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the medical records. SETTING: Rural secondary hospital. SUBJECTS: Remote and rural indigenous children aged less than four years managed for malnutrition in Alice Springs Hospital (ASH). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measure was weight gain during hospitalisation and posthospitalisation. Secondary outcome measures were yield of investigations, diagnoses made, treatments given, social interventions, readmission rate and nosocomial infection. RESULTS: Median age of the 55 children was 15.1 months. Median weight change was 1.5 g day(-1)prior to hospitalisation, 36.7 g day(-1)during and 9 g day(-1)two months following hospitalisation (P < 0.05). Investigations performed had high yields (80% of children had a treatable organic contributor to malnutrition). Nosocomial infection occurred in 21 (38%) children. Readmission occurred at an average of 1.9 times per child (range 0-5), 34 (37%) occurred within three months and 48 (52%) within six months. CONCLUSION: In rural Indigenous children with malnutrition, hospitalisation was effective in re-establishing growth and defining organic contributors to malnutrition. However, the high readmission rate and nosocomial infection mandates that alternative models to nutritional rehabilitation, in addition to a broad psychosocial and public health approach to prevention and management of malnutrition, is required.

Child Nutrition Disorders↗

PubMed2004

Maternal depression and low maternal intelligence as risk factors for malnutrition in children: a community based case-control study from South India.

AIMS: To determine whether current and postpartum maternal depression and low maternal intelligence are risk factors for malnutrition in children. METHODS: In rural South India 72 children with malnutrition were identified from a central register; 72 controls were matched for age, gender, and residence. RESULTS: Major depression in the postpartum period (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.0 to 24.0), current major depression (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.5), and low maternal intelligence (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.1) were associated with malnutrition in the child. Low birth weight (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.8) was also significantly associated with infant malnutrition. Conditional logistic regression adjusting for all other determinants yielded the following results: major depression during the postpartum period (OR 7.8; 95% CI 1.6 to 38.51), current major depression (OR 3.1; 95% CI 0.9 to 9.7), low maternal intelligence (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 14.1), and low birth weight (OR 2.7; 95% CI 2.5 to 6.8). The interactions between current maternal depression and low birth weight and between postpartum depression and low maternal intelligence were statistically significant. The level of maternal intelligence was associated with nutritional status. The severity of malnutrition was also significantly associated with major depression during the postpartum period and low maternal intelligence. CONCLUSION: There is evidence for an association between postpartum maternal depression, low maternal intelligence, and low birth weight with malnutrition in children aged 6-12 months.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Malnutrition at age 3 years and externalizing behavior problems at ages 8, 11, and 17 years.

OBJECTIVE: Poor nutrition is thought to predispose to externalizing behavior problems, but to date there appear to have been no prospective longitudinal studies testing this hypothesis. This study assessed whether 1) poor nutrition at age 3 years predisposes to antisocial behavior at ages 8, 11, and 17 years, 2) such relationships are independent of psychosocial adversity, and 3) IQ mediates the relationship between nutrition and externalizing behavior problems. METHOD: The participants were drawn from a birth cohort (N=1,795) in whom signs of malnutrition were assessed at age 3 years, cognitive measures were assessed at ages 3 and 11 years, and antisocial, aggressive, and hyperactive behavior was assessed at ages 8, 11, and 17 years. RESULTS: In relation to comparison subjects (N=1,206), the children with malnutrition signs at age 3 years (N=353) were more aggressive or hyperactive at age 8 years, had more externalizing problems at age 11, and had greater conduct disorder and excessive motor activity at age 17. The results were independent of psychosocial adversity and were not moderated by gender. There was a dose-response relationship between degree of malnutrition and degree of externalizing behavior at ages 8 and 17. Low IQ mediated the link between malnutrition and externalizing behavior at ages 8 and 11. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that malnutrition predisposes to neurocognitive deficits, which in turn predispose to persistent externalizing behavior problems throughout childhood and adolescence. The findings suggest that reducing early malnutrition may help reduce later antisocial and aggressive behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Palm versus soybean oil on intestinal recovery from malnutrition in Guinea pigs.

Recent recommendations on feeding malnourished children do not provide indication on the nature of dietary lipids. Our aim was to compare the effect of palm oil (mainly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids) and soybean oil (mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids) on the recovery from malnutrition in guinea pigs. In a first experiment, guinea pigs received a balanced (control group) or a maize (malnourished group) diet for 7, 12, and 21 d. In a second experiment, after 12 d of malnutrition, guinea pigs received a rehabilitation diet containing palm or soybean oil. Both rehabilitation diets allowed a partial recovery from the severe weight loss induced by malnutrition. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, measured in intestinal homogenates, increased in malnourished guinea pigs compared with control animals (40%, p < 0.05) and returned to near control values after rehabilitation with palm (10%) but not soybean (43%) oil diet. Intestinal short-circuit current, assessed in jejunal segments mounted in Ussing chambers, increased progressively during malnutrition (p < 0.001) and returned to near control values with both rehabilitation diets. Compared with control animals, the cell turnover (Ki-67 index assessed by immunohistochemistry detection of the Ki-67 antigen) decreased after soybean (-60%, p < 0.01) but not after palm oil. These results confirm that experimental polydeficient malnutrition induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in the intestine. They show a differential effect of palm and soybean oil on these intestinal measurements, suggesting that the composition of dietary lipids may be important in the treatment of malnutrition.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗