Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MAGNESIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Magnesium-fluoride interrelationships in man II. Effect of magnesium on fluoride metabolism.

The effect of magnesium on the fluoride balance was investigated in man by determining metabolic balances of fluoride and magnesium in control studies and during magnesium supplementation. The magnesium intake averaged 264 mg/day in the control studies and 825 in the experimental studies. The studies were carried out during four calcium intakes that ranged from 200 to 2,200 mg/day and during phosphorus intakes ranging from 800 to 2,000 mg/day. The studies were carried out during a fluoride intake of about 4 mg/day that was due to the dietary fluoride content and the intake of water and during a high fluoride intake of 25 mg/day that was due to the addition of sodium fluoride. During the high magnesium intake, both the urinary and fecal magnesium excretions increased and the magnesium balances became more positive. These changes were not associated with any significant changes of either the urinary or fecal fluoride excretions or of the fluoride balances during the different intakes of calcium phosphorus, or fluoride.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Rationale and design of the magnesium in coronaries (MAGIC) study: A clinical trial to reevaluate the efficacy of early administration of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Mortality rate from ST-elevation myocardial infarction remains high in elderly patients and in patients who are not eligible for reperfusion therapy. Intravenous magnesium is a promising adjunctive treatment that may reduce reperfusion injury. Several earlier trials demonstrated a mortality rate reduction with magnesium treatment, but one large trial found no benefit. STUDY DESIGN: Magnesium in Coronaries (MAGIC) is a large, simple trial designed to maximize the potential treatment effect of magnesium. 10, 400 high-risk patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction will be randomly assigned to early treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate or matching placebo. The primary end point is death at 30 days. Information on the need for treatment of shock and sustained ventricular arrhythmias will be collected to investigate the mechanisms by which magnesium might exert a beneficial effect. IMPLICATIONS: If magnesium proves beneficial, its use will provide a simple, cost-effective means to improve survival in this large patient population.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Balance of magnesium and iron and their content in tissues and body fluids of rats after supplementation with magnesium carbonate].

Effect of magnesium on iron and magnesium metabolism in rats were investigated. 96 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups received 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 mg magnesium daily per kg of body weight--dissolved in 2%--solution of arabic gum (tests groups) or clear 2%--solution of arabic gum (test group) for 4 weeks and the next 4 weeks without supplements. Iron concentrations increased in the brain and kidney of the experimental rats, but decreased in the spleen, intestine and liver (2 and 4 weeks only) also in the heart and femur (only 8 week). Percentage of iron retention decreased during the whole experiment. Magnesium concentrations increased in the spleen, liver and intestine of rats. It was shown that at 8 weeks of experiment the magnesium level of heart and femur decreased (only groups received 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg Mg/kg b.w./24 h), but in group received 10.0 mg Mg/kg b.w./24 h increased for all experiment. The apparent retention of magnesium increased in start of the experiment. This results show that oral magnesium supplementation disturbs metabolism of these elements, especially balance of iron.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnesium and extinction of dinosaurs. Was magnesium deficit a major cause?

Chinese researchers have recently demonstrated that, before the extinction of dinosaurs, there was an impressive lowering in the magnesium concentration of fossil dinosaur eggshell. The structural and functional importance of eggshell magnesium--mainly in the cone layer--for embryonic viability and hatchability of oviparous species supports the hypothesis that magnesium deficit may have had a direct role in dinosaur extinction. Conversely this low magnesium concentration seems a questionable marker of magnesium deficit. The natural forces involved in the extinction of dinosaurs are more likely to induce magnesium depletion than magnesium deficiency. These very interesting preliminary data call for further research.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Dietary magnesium and mineralocorticoid DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat. Effect on the metabolism of sodium and magnesium].

The effects of a diet enriched in magnesium were studied in mineralocorticoid DOCA-salt hypertensive rats from 6 to 15 weeks old, during the development of hypertension. A standard normomagnesic diet with 0.21% Mg and 0.24% Na, equilibrated in minerals and vitamins is used as a control diet. The high magnesium diet is the same standard diet enriched in magnesium with a content of 0.75% Mg. That in magnesium enriched diet lessens the level of blood pressure. This effect appears within 2 weeks and is long lasting. Increase of urinary sodium is observed but without any modification of sodium balance. Sodium plasma is not changed. Plasma, urinary and balance of magnesium are increased. These results establish that in mineralocorticoid DOCA-salt hypertension, a high magnesium diet decreases hypertension. The observed metabolic variations may perhaps explain the protective effect of this in magnesium enriched diet.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effect of magnesium supplementation containing mineral bishofit (MgCl2 x 6H2O) solution and pyridoxine hydrochloride on erythrocyte magnesium depletion and behaviour of rats after three-month alcoholization.

In therapy it is known that the combination of vitamin B6 and magnesium is beneficial in the treatment of several forms of primary magnesium deficiency. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of complex magnesium supplementation containing mineral bishofit solution (MgCl2 x 6H2O) and pyridoxine hydrochloride on behavioural and biochemical parameters of magnesium-deficient alcoholic rats. A complex magnesium supplementation containing mineral bishofit solution and pyridoxine hydrochloride led both to restoration of magnesium level, and to some correction of behavioural disturbances of animals during chronic alcoholization.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke trial): randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium is neuroprotective in animal models of stroke, and findings of small clinical pilot trials suggest potential benefit in people. We aimed to test whether intravenous magnesium sulphate, given within 12 h of stroke onset, reduces death or disability at 90 days. METHODS: 2589 patients were randomised within 12h of acute stroke to receive 16 mmol MgSO4 intravenously over 15 min and then 65 mmol over 24 h, or matching placebo. Primary outcome was a global endpoint statistic expressed as the common odds ratio for death or disability at day 90. Secondary outcomes were mortality and death or disability, variously defined as Barthel score less than 95, Barthel score less than 60, and modified Rankin scale more than 1. Predefined subgroup analyses were for the primary endpoint in patients in whom treatment commenced within 6 h versus after 6 h, ischaemic versus non-ischaemic strokes, and cortical stroke syndromes versus non-cortical strokes. Intention-to-treat and efficacy analyses were done. FINDINGS: The efficacy dataset included 2386 patients. Primary outcome was not improved by magnesium (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.80-1.13, p=0.59). Mortality was slightly higher in the magnesium-treated group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio 1.18, 95% CI 0.97-1.42, p=0.098). Secondary outcomes did not show any treatment effect. Planned subgroup analyses showed benefit of magnesium in non-cortical strokes (p=0.011) whereas greater benefit had been expected in the cortical group. INTERPRETATION: Magnesium given within 12 h of acute stroke does not reduce the chances of death or disability significantly, although it may be of benefit in lacunar strokes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Magnesium gluconate offers no more protection than magnesium sulphate following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated that magnesium salts, including the sulphate and chloride forms, are neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, studies in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury have demonstrated that the gluconate salt of magnesium may provide superior protection against oxidative damage and postischaemic dysfunction than MgSO(4). We have therefore compared the efficacy of both MgSO(4) and magnesium gluconate (MgGl(2)) on outcome following diffuse TBI in rats. METHODS: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injured using the 2-metre impact acceleration model of diffuse TBI. At 30 min after injury, animals were administered with either 250 micromoles/kg i.v. MgSO(4), MgGl(2), or equal volume saline vehicle. Thereafter, animals were assessed for motor and cognitive outcome using the rotarod and Barnes maze, respectively, or their brains removed at 3 days after TBI and used for histological examination. RESULTS: Treatment with either magnesium salt significantly improved functional outcome as compared to vehicle treated controls. Similarly, treatment with either magnesium salt attenuated the degree of histological dark cell change at 3 days after TBI relative to the vehicle treated animals. There were no significant differences between the magnesium treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that MgSO(4) and MgGl(2) are equally neuroprotective following TBI. Our results suggest that MgGl(2) may only be more effective in conditions that produce ischaemia, where high concentrations of reactive oxygen species are generated.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Serum level of magnesium attained in magnesium sulfate therapy for severe preeclampsia.

Serum magnesium levels were determined in severe preeclampsia patients who were treated with magnesium sulfate infusion. Forty-four patients with diagnosis of severe preeclampsia between 30-41 weeks gestation, given a conventional 5 g magnesium sulfate intravenous bolus infusion and 1 g/hr continuous infusion and continued 24 hours postpartum, were prospectively studied. The mean pre-treatment magnesium level was 2.3 +/- 0.3 mg/dl which was similar to those reports. The levels measured at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours after initiation of magnesium infusion were 4.8 +/- 0.4, 4.7 +/- 0.4, 4.5 +/- 0.3, 4.7 +/- 0.3, 5.4 +/- 0.3 and 5.9 +/- 0.3 mg/dl respectively. After delivery the levels were measured immediately, 12, and 24 hours and found to be 4.7 +/- 0.4, 4.9 +/- 0.4, and 5.2 +/- 0.3 mg/dl respectively. The serum magnesium levels were also varied with maternal weight, the dose regimen used in our study is appropriate for Asian pregnant women whose body weight usually less than 70 kg.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Biorhythms and possible central regulation of magnesium status, phototherapy, darkness therapy and chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion.

Biological clock and magnesium status are linked. Central magnesium regulation may be hypothetized. Balanced magnesium status is requested to obtain efficiency of suprachiasmatic nuclei and of pineal gland. Conventional bright light therapy appears as a speedy and efficient antidepressant medication useful for the treatment of various types of depression, and of non migrainous headaches also. Although decrease in melatonin production seems accessory, increases of serotonergy and perhaps of Reactive Oxygen Species constitute the main mechanisms of action. Chromatotherapy emphazizes the effects of short exposure to specific colors. Although the increased production of melatonin constitutes the best marker of darkness, it is only an accessory mechanism of its action. The psycholeptic sedative effects of darkness, like those of magnesium, rely on direct membraneous and oxidant actions, neural mediated effects (i.e. stimulation of inhibitory neuromodulators such as GABA and taurine), and on antagonism of neuroactive gases (CO and NO). Darkness therapyper se, partial substitutive therapy with melatonin and with their mimicking agents (Mg, L-Tryptophan,Taurine) apply to all the chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion with decreased production of melatonin: sleep disorders, migraine, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, some forms of asthma and of sudden infant death syndrome. Further research should assess the importance of the chronopathological forms of magnesium depletion in the physiopathology of these disorders.

Biological Clocks↗
PubMed2000

[Diagnosing magnesium deficiency. Current recommendations of the Society for Magnesium Research].

The cardiovascular risk increases with decreasing serum levels of magnesium, and this already at concentrations within the previous reference range (0.70-1.10 mmol/L). For this reason, the Society for Magnesium Research has updated its 1986 recommendations for the diagnosis of magnesium deficiency. The diagnosis is based on the patient's history, his clinical symptoms, and the results of clinical-chemical investigations of plasma/serum and urine. Further diagnostic methods used include the determination of ionized serum magnesium and the magnesium retention test. The optimal serum magnesium concentration is > 0.80 mmol/L.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Oestrogen but not testosterone increases bone density in orchiectomized rats more when fed moderately magnesium-deficient fructose than moderately magnesium-deficient cornstarch.

To investigate interactions between circulating sex hormones, dietary fructose and magnesium on bone mineral density and numbers of trabeculae, 10 weeks old orchiectomized and sham-orchiectomized rats were studied. One-third of the orchiectomized animals were injected with beta-oestradiol-3-benzoate twice per week in sesame oil; another one-third, testosterone cypionate; the remaining one-third as well as the sham-orchiectomized animals, sesame oil only. All animals were fed either fructose or cornstarch without added magnesium. After 14 weeks, a 24 h urine sample was collected for measurements of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and cAMP. Blood was collected for determinations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, 25-monohydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferols, oestrogen, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone. Femurs were used for measurements of bone mineral density, and tibiae, for numbers of trabeculae. Exogenous testosterone interacted with starch and magnesium deficiency to decrease serum calcium concentration significantly, which increased circulating parathyroid hormone. High circulating parathyroid hormone raised urinary cAMP and serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Increased parathyroid hormone, cAMP and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol may be responsible for bone resorption which was noted in reductions of bone mineral density and the numbers of trabeculae in the group. In contrast, exogenous oestrogen interacted with fructose and magnesium deficiency to increase serum calcium concentration which caused a reduction of circulating parathyroid. Low parathyroid hormone, reduced 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and cAMP may explain the increased bone mineral density and the numbers of trabeculae in this group.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Magnesium and the heart: antiarrhythmic therapy with magnesium.

Magnesium is an essential transmembrane and intracellular modulator of the electrical activity of cardiac cells. This review provides an up-to-date consideration of the cellular and clinical electrophysiological role of magnesium. This ubiquitous element seems to be important from both the theoretical and clinical point of view, because magnesium salts (MgSO4, MgCl2) administered intravenously are particularly effective in those arrhythmias in which the mechanism involves early or delayed after depolarization-induced triggered activity. The authors share the view that I.V. magnesium is the drug of choice in "torsade de pointes" ventricular tachycardia accompanying acquired long QT/QTU syndrome. It is complementary therapeutic agent in digitalis-induced tachycardias. Further studies are needed to elucidate magnesium's mode of action and efficacy in other types of clinical tachyarrhythmias.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Estimation of apparent quadrupolar coupling constants for complexes of magnesium ions with mono- and dicarboxylic acid ligands. Applications to magnesium ion: protein interactions.

25Mg+2 ion NMR studies of complexes of magnesium ions with acetate and malonate ligands have yielded apparent quadrupolar coupling constants, chi, of approximately 1.5 MHz. The aquo magnesium ion yields a smaller chi value of 0.12 MHz, consistent with its expected higher symmetry. chi values for magnesium ion: acetate and magnesium ion: malonate complexes are utilized to calculate observed linewidths for magnesium ion: bovine prothrombin fragment 1 and magnesium ion: human Factor XII interactions. These calculated values are compared with observed values and implications of the agreement are discussed.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

[Magnesium, calcium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, estriol and human placental lactogen with magnesium substitution in pregnancy].

In a randomised double-blind study 568 women were given orally either 15 mmol magnesium-aspartate hydrochloride per day or aspartic acid as placebo. The outcome of pregnancy was significantly improved in the magnesium group (fewer maternal hospitalisations, reduction in preterm delivery and less frequent referral of newborn to the neonatal intensive care unit). In the 437 patients with regular intake of tablets, haematocrit, haemoglobin and calcium show a decrease up to 20 weeks of gestation (wks) and an increase during the last 8 wks, whereas magnesium stays at a low level. Oestriol and HPL are rising steadily during gestation. In all parameters, no differences were found between the magnesium and placebo group, except for a higher level of oestriol at 33 to 36 wks and a lower level above 36 wks in the magnesium group. Because of the numerous benefits throughout the pregnancy magnesium supplementation is recommended for all pregnancies.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1998

Free circulating magnesium and renal magnesium handling during acute metabolic acidosis in humans.

Ion-selective electrodes have been designed for determining the ionized concentration of magnesium in blood, the biologically active form of this ion. The effect of acute acidosis induced by ammonium loading on circulating and urinary magnesium was investigated in 11 volunteers. No changes in plasma total and ionized magnesium were noted following administration of ammonium chloride. On the contrary, administration of ammonium chloride increased the plasma free magnesium fraction and the urinary magnesium excretion. The study demonstrates that the hypermagnesiuria induced by acute acidosis is not caused by ionized hypermagnesemia and supports the theory that acidosis decreases the circulating magnesium fraction that is bound to proteins.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1985

Protection by magnesium of renal calcinosis in furosemide-treated weanling rats with moderate magnesium deficiency.

Prolonged treatment of premature infants with the potent diuretic furosemide has resulted in hypercalciuria, sometimes with renal calcinosis and other complications. Furosemide was administered to weanling rats to explore its effect on magnesium and calcium metabolism. The animals were fed purified diets providing 40 mg magnesium/100 g diet or 10 mg magnesium/100 g. Half of each dietary group (40-F or 10-F) received 18 doses of furosemide, 20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally between days 7 and 35, and half received normal saline intraperitoneally (40-O or 10-O). Furosemide had little effect on the magnesium-sufficient animals (40-F), but comparison of 10-O and 10-F data showed that it aggravated the magnesium-deficiency syndrome. Comparison of data from 40-F and 10-F animals showed the protective effect of magnesium in preserving calcium homeostasis in furosemide-treated animals: the elevation of calcium values in 10-F rats was greater in plasma (p less than 0.0005), heart (p less than 0.0025), and kidney (p less than 0.0005). Stated another way, furosemide was associated with severely disordered calcium metabolism only in animals fed suboptimal magnesium. Studies exploring the role of magnesium in furosemide-treated infants can be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of dietary fluoride and magnesium supplements on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), calcium and magnesium levels in aorta of genetically hypercholesterolaemic RICO rats.

Previous observations have suggested that low intakes of fluoride prevent pathological calcifications of internal organs, including the aortic wall, in experimental animals, fed a basically low magnesium diet. Our group found recently that fluoride has some potentially preventive effect against atherosclerotic serum lipid profiles in genetically hypercholesterolaemic rats. To study whether the apparently positive potential of fluoride against atherosclerosis is also reflected in aortic tissue, through its well known activation of adenylate cyclase, the aortic cAMP content of the rats used in our recent study was determined. Out of a total of 56 male RICO rats, mean weight 160 g, the control group C was fed an adequate diet, with 44% sucrose, a magnesium content of 883 p.p.m. and with 0.5% cholesterol. Group D had the same diet as group C except that the magnesium content was reduced to 200 p.p.m. Group E had the same diet as group D but with the fluoride content elevated from 1.9 to 12 p.p.m. Group G had the same diet as group E but with the magnesium content elevated from 200 to 300 p.p.m. After a feeding period of 6 weeks, the aortas of the animals were removed, cleaned and kept at -70 degrees C until analysed. The mean cAMP content of the aortas, measured by radioimmunoassay, in groups C, D E and G was 439, 546, 681, and 1394 mumol mg-1 protein, respectively. In group G only, the cAMP content was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.001). The mean calcium and magnesium contents of the aortas of different groups did not significantly differ from each other. Thus in RICO rats, fed a high-sugar low-magnesium diet with cholesterol, supplementation of the diet with a small amount of fluoride elevates the cAMP content of the aorta, provided that the intake of Mg is not very low.

Animals↗