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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Munich method of micrographic surgery for basal cell carcinomas: 5-year recurrence rates with life-table analysis.

The aim of this study was to find the recurrence rates of basal cell carcinomas treated with micrographic surgery in the Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg. From 1992 to 1997, 261 basal cell carcinomas (178 primary and 83 recurrent) have been treated. The mean duration of follow-up was 5 years (range 1-9). Data were analysed by life-table analysis. Eleven basal cell carcinomas (6 primary and 5 recurrent) recurred. The 5-year recurrence rates were 3.3% for primary and 7.3% for recurrent basal cell carcinomas. Our results are comparable with previously published data from Europe but seem higher than those reported in the USA. Use of different statistical methods to report the recurrence rates mainly accounts for the discrepancy among studies. For a better comparison among studies on recurrence rates, a standard statistical method should be used, and we support the idea that life-table analysis provides the best approximation of the true recurrence rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The role of breast-feeding beyond postpartum amenorrhoea on the return of fertility in India: a life table and hazards model analysis.

This paper investigates the effects of continued breast-feeding after resumption of menses on fertility, using data from two retrospective surveys in India and single decrement life table and multivariate time-dependent hazards analyses. Breast-feeding even after the return of menses is found to be associated with longer birth intervals. The interaction of breast-feeding duration after resumption of menses and postpartum amenorrhoea has a significant effect on the risk of conception after return of menses.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Life table study of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Puerto Rico fed only human blood versus blood plus sugar.

Life table studies were performed in 1996 with Aedes aegypti (L.) during the low (cool/dry) and high (hot/rainy) dengue virus transmission seasons in Puerto Rico. Mated adult females from field-collected pupae were placed individually in cages and divided into 2 treatment groups: one was fed only human blood and the other human blood plus a 10% sucrose solution. Survival and number of eggs laid were recorded daily for each female. During both seasons, age specific survivorship was higher for the blood plus sugar group, groups fed only human blood had higher reproductive outputs (mx), and net replacement rates (Ro) for blood only groups were higher than for those fed blood plus sugar. Intrinsic rates of growth (r) were the same for both treatments during the low (cool/dry) transmission season, but higher for the blood-only treatment during the high (hot/rainy) transmission season. Our results indicate that feeding on only human blood provides an evolutionary advantage to Ae. aegypti females in Puerto Rico. These results are similar to those from an earlier study carried out with Ae. aegypti in Thailand; the advantage of feeding on human blood does not seem to be restricted to a particular geographic region. We also found that the benefits associated with human feeding persist through epidemiologically different times of the year. We conclude that feeding on human blood is reproductively beneficial for Ae. aegypti, which may increase their contact with human hosts, and therefore may influence their vectorial capacity for dengue viruses through frequent feeding on blood.

Aedes↗
PubMed1983

A life table and Cox regression analysis of patients with combined proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex coronary artery disease: non-left main equivalent lesions (CASS).

Combined proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex artery stenoses greater than or equal to 70% have been referred to as "left main equivalent" lesions. We compared the survival rates of medically treated patients who have this type of coronary anatomic characteristics with the survival rates of patients who have left main coronary artery stenoses greater than or equal to 70% by use of a stratified life table approach and a Cox regression model. Comparison of the patients with left main coronary artery stenoses with those who have left main equivalent lesions by use of life table analysis and three different calculations of patient exposure time revealed a poorer prognosis for the patients who had left main coronary artery disease (p less than or equal to .04 for all three methods). The stepwise Cox analysis also determined that patients who had left main artery stenoses had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients who had left main equivalent coronary disease (p = .002), even after consideration of important baseline variables known to affect survival rates. We then compared the patients who had combined proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex artery disease with patients who had combined stenoses greater than or equal to 70% in the nonproximal left anterior descending stenosis influenced survival rates. The 5 year to determine if location of the left anterior descending stenosis influenced survival rates. The 5 year survival rate was not as high for the patients who had proximal left anterior descending artery disease (55% vs 70%, p = .001). In conclusion, combined proximal left anterior descending and proximal left circumflex artery disease identifies a high-risk (as determined by angiography) patient subset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1997

[Life tables of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) under laboratory conditions and their importance for its control].

A study of the life tables of Blatella germanica (L.) 1767 was conducted under laboratory conditions. 3 treatments were used a according to the number of individuals in each breeding flask (A = 9 flasks with 20-25 individuals, B = 17 flasks with 30-35 individuals, and C = 30 flasks with a newly hatched nymph each). The main parameters of the population growth were calculated by the TABVID software . The respective values for treatments A and B were the following: net reproduction rate (Ro 2.23 and 2.37), natural increase finite rate (lambda = 1.06), natural increase intrinsic rate (r = 0.06), and mean generational time (T = 13.89 and 15.64). The behaviour of the survival probability by age, the fertility rate, and the mortality rate were graphically registered. Life expectancy for treatment C was 16.47 and the survival rate for this treatment was represented by a graph. Graphics of the growth curve of this species and of the survival rate for treatments A and B were shown. The latter was concave, which means that mortality is higher during the young stages. This study provides esential cuantitative basic date that allow to carry out a more efficient control if fight is directed to the period where the highest natural mortality was found, that is, at the step from nymph 6 to adult in treatments A and B.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

The effects of clofentezine on life-table parameters in two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.

Sublethal effects of the growth inhibitor, clofentezine, on life-table parameters of Tetranychus urticae Koch females treated at different developmental stages with a concentration causing >90% mortality were investigated. Females which survived treatment as 'early' (0-24 h old) eggs produced 12% more offspring than the untreated females during the first five days of oviposition. This resulted in a significant rise in the intrinsic rate of increase (rj): 0.324, compared to 0.299 in the untreated females. This effect may be interpreted as hormoligosis. Clofentezine treatment at any other developmental stage of T. urticae significantly decreased both longevity and fertility of female survivors. Females which survived treatment either as 'late' (72-96 h old) eggs or larvae had 2.6 times lower net reproductive rate (R0) than the untreated females, and the rj values were significantly lower: 0.242 and 0.215, respectively (0.285 in the untreated females). Females which survived treatment either as protonymphs or deutonymphs had 3.9 times and 6 times lower R0, respectively. Corresponding rj values were 0.178 and 0.146, respectively (0.247 in the untreated females). The clofentezine treatment at all stages influenced the age distribution of survivors. The sublethal effects of clofentezine and their impact on T. urticae management are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Competing risk analysis for life table data with known observation times.

"Several models have been proposed for the analysis of cohort mortality in the presence of competing risks.... This paper describes a maximum likelihood approach to the analysis of follow up data in life table format for the case of two competing risks--a specific cause and its competing complement. The model developed uses a robust survivorship assumption--the piecewise exponential--and takes into account information on time to death and time to withdrawal." (summary in GER)

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1977

Methodological issues underlying multiple decrement life table analysis.

In this paper, the actuarial method of multiple decrement life table analysis of censored, longitudinal data is examined. The discussion is organized in terms of the first segment of usage of an intrauterine device. Weaknesses of the actuarial approach are pointed out, and an alternative approach, based on the classical model of competing risks, is proposed. Finally, the actuarial and the alternative method of analyzing censored data are compared, using data from the Taichung Medical Study on Intrauterine Devices.

Female↗
PubMed1986

[[Labor force life tables: an analysis of the Korean female labor force]].

"This study attempts to analyze the quantitative aspects of the female labour force in [the Republic of] Korea, 1970 and 1980, by constructing a series of labour force life tables which are useful in studying the process of the growth and structural change of the labour force." Data are primarily taken from the census. Factors affecting women's entry into and exit from the labor force are analyzed, including fertility, age of children, and marital status. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate on population growth of Daphnia galeata: a life table evaluation.

The chronic effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS12) on a daphnid species (Daphnia galeata) was examined by the life table experiment. The estimated responses in the intrinsic rate of population growth r were analyzed with two alternate concentration-response functions, i.e., the power function and the quadratic function. Based on the best-fit power function model with biases corrected by the jackknife procedure, the population-level EC50, which is defined as the concentration of chemicals that reduces the population growth rate (the intrinsic rate of natural increase) by 50%, was estimated as 2.5 mg/L. The 48-h acute immobility test yielded EC50 of 4.6 mg/L. The population-level effect of LAS12 on this test species is considerably more sensitive than the acute lethal effects to neonates.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

The use of multistate life-table models for improving population health.

We demonstrate how incidence, prevalence, remission, mortality (IPRM) models may be constructed on population life-tables, how the incidence of a condition may be calculated, and how the consequences of demographic changes and public health interventions may be predicted. We illustrate the methodology by applying it to the epidemiology of diabetes, physical inactivity and obesity in New Zealand.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed1990

Multistate life table with duration dependence: an application to Hungarian female marital history.

"Building on recent developments in multistate demography, and using data from the 1984 Hungarian microcensus, this paper analyzes the impact that the introduction of duration-specific transitions has on the results of a multistate life table analysis of marital dissolution. The results show that the inclusion of duration has its greatest impact on the distribution of the stationary population between ages 25 and 35." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Validation and application of U.N. model life tables against Thailand data, 1973-1983.

The author applies models of age and sex mortality, developed by the United Nations in 1982 for developing countries, to data for Thailand for the years 1973-1983. Following a discussion of the development of the four mortality patterns and their models, the author traces changes in Thailand's mortality trends using the U.N. model life tables. "This study reveals the change of mortality patterns in Thailand, moving from [the] Latin American to [the] Far Eastern pattern.... The proportional mortality ratio of population over 60 years of age has gradually increased from 28.7% in 1973 to 42.0% in 1983 and the sex ratio of mortality in this group [has] also slightly increased during this decade." (SUMMARY IN TUR)

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Chronic effects of p-nonylphenol on survival and reproduction of Daphnia galeata: multigenerational life table experiment.

The chronic effect of p-nonylphenol on survival and reproduction for two generations of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia galeata was examined by life table experiments. The effects on survival and reproduction were used as the intrinsic rate of natural increase, r, with the Euler-Lotka equation and were analyzed with a simple mathematical model (a power function). The population-level EC(50), the concentration of a substance that reduces the intrinsic rate of natural increase by 50%, was estimated as 65.2 microg/L for the first generation and 81.5 microg/L for the second generation. No transgenerational effect that reinforces adverse responses in the offspring generation has been detected. From a 48-h immobility test an acute LC(50) was estimated to be 60.8 microg/L. The acute LC(50) is a good indicator of the chronic population-level effects of this chemical to this species.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A five-year life-table analysis on wide neck ITI implants with prosthetic evaluation and radiographic analysis: results from a private practice.

This paper reports a 5-year life-table analysis on wide neck (WN) ITI implants placed in a private practice. In 212 patients, 263 implants were placed in the posterior region; 97% rehabilitated the molar area. Implants in the mandible and in the maxilla were 61.2% and 38.8%, respectively; the mean implant length was 9.7 and 8.9 mm, respectively. Eighty-nine percent sites had both vestibular and buccal bone lamellae > or =1 mm, 9.1% had one of them <1 mm and 1.9% had both lamellae <1 mm. Sinus perforation during surgery occurred in 52% of the maxillary implants. Prosthetic information was available for 249 implants; implants were involved in 157 single crowns (SC) and 80 fixed partial dentures (FPD). Radiographic analysis was performed on 102 implants that reached the 2-year control, and crestal bone loss (CBL) was measured. Results showed that five implants failed; the 5-year cumulative survival rate was 97.89%. The 1-year survival rate based on 259 implants was 98.8% and the 2-year survival rate based on 174 implants was 97.7%. In this 5-year timeframe, 94.3% of the SCs and 96.2% of the FPDs were free of complication. The mean CBL at the mesial and distal sides was 0.71 and 0.60 mm, respectively; bone losses >1 and >2 mm were recorded for 29.7% and 2.5% of the sides, respectively. This mid-term study showed that the WN ITI implants were highly predictable in private practice and that prosthetic complication in the molar area was an infrequent event.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The occurrence of acute otitis media in infants. A life-table analysis.

A random sample of 2512 children were monitored to an average age of two years to determine the occurrence of acute otitis media (AOM). A life-table methodology was employed in the analysis. The cumulative incidence of the first episode of AOM up to 12 months of age was 42.4% (95% confidence interval 40.4-44.4) and the corresponding figure up to 24 months of age was 71.0% (68.9-73.1). The incidence rate for all acute otitis media episodes was 0.93 episodes per child per year (0.90-0.96) during the first 24 months of life increasing in the spring and autumn. The risk of experiencing an episode of acute otitis media increased at the age of 6-12 months and decreased slowly during the second year of life. The results confirm the frequent nature of acute otitis media and stress the necessity for clear, consistent definition of the criteria for acute otitis media in epidemiological research.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Life table mortality analysis of parkinsonian signs in a community population of older people.

BACKGROUND: A community based mortality review of individuals with parkinsonism is evaluated by a comparative life table analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with parkinsonism had an increased mortality over a nine year follow up. The presence of a gait disturbance is an additional mortality factor. However, the absence of gait disturbance is a far stronger factor for improved survival in parkinsonism than is the adverse factor of a gait disturbance being present. Bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity had no significant additional mortality effect. CONCLUSIONS: Careful risk selection should lead to a favorable mortality result. Credits can be given to those without gait disturbances and extra debits assessed to those with gait disorders.

Aged↗