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New library buildings: the Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library.

A historical account is given of the Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library within its Texas Medical Center setting in Houston, Texas. Outlined are planning, financing, and construction of the new library, which consists in part of new building and in part of renovated interiors of an old building originally completed in 1954. A concise picture is given of the new library's interiors, showing its functional success for users and employees alike. An architectural summary is appended showing gross and net footages, source of funds, costs and capacities.

Facility Design and Construction↗

Audiovisuals and non-print learning resources in a health sciences library.

The MD undergraduate program at McMaster University, based entirely on self-instruction, requires the provision of all kinds of learning resources. How these are assembled and made available is described. Emphasis is placed on the practical library problems of cataloging, shelving, maintenance, and distribution of audiovisual materials including pathology specimens and 'problem boxes' as well as the more usual films, videotapes and slide/tape sets. Evaluation is discussed briefly.

Audiovisual Aids↗

[Bibliometry of biomedical periodicals].

Bibliometry or the science citation index is a quantitative evaluation of periodical literature, biomedical or others. It depends above all on an analysis of citations which allows for a calculation of different indices characterising and classifying journals (number of articles published, frequency of citation, impact, topicality...). The applications of bibliometry are varied from the administration of library collections to the appreciation of the significance of a review in its own speciality area. By extension the bibliometry index are sometimes used to evaluate the importance of a discipline in the literature, the place of a nation within a discipline, the significance of certain opinions or the quality of research. The intrinsic limits of bibliometry are such that this last application should be handled with caution. In effect, various biases can mechanically affect the value of different indices and particularly the fact that an article appearing in a prestigious review should not prejudge its quality such as the relevance of the question posed, the validity of the methodology employed or the accuracy of the results. For this, the study of citations is insufficient and some qualitative or semi-quantitative criteria bearing on the contents of the article should be used (critical reading, gate analysis, etc.) This general review has, as its aim, to expose both the definitions and limits of bibliometry illustrating them with some information calculated from the principal respiratory journals.

Bias↗

Planning for meaningful change in libraries and library networks: a first step.

The Program Planning Model (PPM) is a planning and management tool that facilitates development and acceptance of significant programs. PPM assists program planning by systematically involving consumer or user groups in the development and review of new programs. While user participitation is important throughout PPM, this involvement is especially important during the problem exploration phase, when the problems or needs of these users are surveyed. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a variation of the "brainstorming" process, is a structured but flexible group process used in the problem exploration phase to generate a high number of useful responses concerning problem areas. NGT ensures maximum contribution of ideas by all participtants. NGT and its application in the planning and management efforts of several libraries and library networks are described in detail.

Group Processes↗

Library orientation on videotape: production planning and administrative support.

New student-faculty-staff orientation is an important public service in a medical library and demands creativity, imagination, teaching skill, coordination, and cooperation on the part of public services staff. The Northwestern University Medical Library (NUML) implemented a video production service in the spring of 1986 and used the new service to produce an orientation videotape for incoming students, new faculty, and medical center staff. Planning is an important function in video production, and the various phases of outlining topics, drafting scripts, matching video sequences, and actual taping of video, voice, and music are described. The NUML orientation videotape demonstrates how reference and audiovisual services merge talent and skills to benefit the library user. Videotape production, however, cannot happen in a vacuum of good intentions and high ideals. This paper also presents the management support and cost analysis needed to make video production services a reality for use by public service departments.

Audiovisual Aids↗

Information needs of university programs in health administration: report of survey response.

Program directors and librarians providing information support for academic programs in health administration share similar perceptions of the information needs of their students and faculty. Where they differ in identification of helpful products or key discussion topics, the difference appears to be a function of their role. For example, it is probable that librarians do not consider preparation of user-specific bibliographies from on-line databases as an important AHA Resource Center product because they prepare these themselves at the local level. Conversely, it is probable that program directors do not see an overview of current issues in health administration as a high-priority topic for a meeting because they have access to more immediate resources for that kind of information. Not unexpectedly, program directors and librarians alike see the AHA Resource Center's role as a secondary one and look within their own institution first for information support. A report of survey results and information about the AHA Resource Center were shared with survey respondents and nonresponding program directors in January 1985. The AHA Resource Center is utilizing responses to this survey to plan services and programs that will be helpful to faculty and students in university programs in health administration and to library staff serving these programs.

American Hospital Association↗

Role of the hospital library within the hospital system.

The results of a survey of hospital administrators, attending staff and house staff physicians, librarians, library committee chairmen, and nursing staff in five Northeastern Ohio hospitals concerning the status of the hospital library within the total hospital system are related. Results indicate that hospital libraries operate in the "fringe" area of the hospital system. A concentric-circle figure indicates the present position of the majority of hospital libraries surveyed. The future relationship of the library within the hospital system has also been represented by a concentric-circle figure.

Hospital Administration↗

Proposed standards for professional health sciences library services in hospitals of New York State.

Hospital libraries are considered to be the basic unit of the medical information system. A major statewide effort was begun in 1978 to introduce and support legislation in the New York State Legislature which would encourage hospitals to establish and maintain libraries that meet minimum services standards. Included in this legislation is the concept that the Commissioner of Education in consultation with the Commissioner of Health shall have the power to establish standards for hospital libraries. The Ad Hoc Committee for the Promotion of Hospital Library Services, Western New York Library Resources Council, proposes The Standards for Professional Health Sciences Library Services in Hospitals of New York State to clarify and to strengthen existing hospital library standards. These standards differ specifically from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals standards in that they place equal and specific emphasis on eleven points: administration, qualifications of library staff, continuing education of library staff, requirement for a library advisory committee, required library services, required library resources, library space requirements, library budget, library network and consortium membership, documentation of library policy, and continued evaluation of the needs of the hospital for library service. Detailed interpretations are provided. An appendix describes the qualifications of a hospital library consultant.

Libraries, Hospital↗

The future role of the health sciences library in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) conducted a survey to ascertain the perceptions of 322 library service chiefs and health care administrators within the VA health care system. Participants were asked to rate the desirability and probability of twenty-five predetermined statements and to identify the forces that would have an impact, either positive or negative, on whatever statements became reality. The response rate was 93%. Analysis of the data indicated that there was no significant difference between the library managers and health care administrators in their perceptions. Results indicate that both groups believe libraries serve an integral role in VA medical centers and that library services cannot be provided as successfully off site. The data also appear to reveal a clear consensus on the part of both groups for increased library involvement in educational activities and information delivery.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

Centralization vs. decentralization in medical school libraries.

Does the medical school library in the United States operate more commonly under the university library or the medical school administration? University-connected medical school libraries were asked to indicate (a) the source of their budgets, whether from the central library or the medical school, and (b) the responsibility for their acquisitions and cataloging. Returns received from sixtyeight of the seventy eligible institutions showed decentralization to be much the most common: 71 percent of the libraries are funded by their medical schools; 79 percent are responsible for their own acquisitions and processing. The factor most often associated with centralization of both budget and operation is public ownership. Decentralization is associated with service to one or two rather than three or more professional schools. Location of the medical school in a different city from the university is highly favorable to autonomy. Other factors associated with these trends are discussed.

Libraries, Medical↗

Identification of receptor ligands with phage display peptide libraries.

With the development and maturation of the technology of displaying peptides on bacteriophage, it has become possible to isolate peptide ligands to various targets. In the phage display strategy, up to 10(9) peptides of different permutations are expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Thus, peptides capable of binding target molecules in vitro and even target tissues in vivo can be identified. In recent years, a series of libraries that display degenerate peptides of different lengths have been constructed, and specific ligands to cell surface receptors, such as integrins, have been isolated. In the in vivo biopanning, peptides targeting distinct organs or tumors have been rescued after intravenous administration of phage libraries into mice. In one application, the isolated peptide ligands have been used to direct a cytotoxic drug to tumor vasculature in mice. Further applications in radioimaging and radiotherapy are being investigated.

Animals↗

A job with a view: perspectives from the corporate side of the hospital.

A change in job responsibilities from library manager to hospital administrator provides this year's Doe lecturer the opportunity to reflect on the values of the library profession from a fresh perspective. Librarians play a unique role and remain vital to the health care enterprise but are frequently misunderstood. Their role can be viewed from three angles: service, technology, and a unique sort of professionalism. Librarians must focus their service priorities on the needs of the institution, while remaining true to their own unique professional values. They must be advocates for the appropriate use of technology in support of those service roles. The passion that many librarians bring to their jobs makes librarianship a vocation as much as a profession. The mission and vision developed by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists in 2001 provides a useful model for defining a personal professional mission and vision.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

The delivery of continuing education: teleconferencing, an alternative mode.

An experimental offering of the Medical Library Association's continuing education course CE 46, Library Management/Budgeting, was made available to sixteen health sciences librarians via the University of Wisconsin-Education Telephone Network. Features of the hardware of the teleconference network, a few applications relating to medicine and library science, and administrative considerations are examined. The paper also describes how the experimental course was conducted, course participants, design, problems encountered, and evaluation data obtained from participants. A comparison between the teleconferencing mode of delivery and the traditional face-to-face format is stressed. Recommendations call for continued consideration of teleconferencing as a method of delivering continuing education courses and suggest the possibility of MLA providing its own teleconferencing network.

Education, Continuing↗