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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Injuries due to domestic violence against women: sites on the body, types of injury and the methods of infliction].

OBJECTIVE: To obtain insight into the characteristics of intentional injuries in adult women, such as the sites, types, methods of infliction and the inflictors. DESIGN: Descriptive. METHOD: 11 trained and experienced forensic physicians collected data from 450 adult women who had reported domestic violence to the police in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, during the period from 1 April 2001 through 31 March 2005. RESULTS: In 42% of the cases of domestic abuse, the partner was named as the inflictor; in 26% this was the ex-partner. Of the injuries inflicted, 85% were found on more than one area of the body. The most common sites of injury were the eye, the side of the face, the throat or neck, the upper and lower arms and the upper and lower legs; injury to the mouth, the outside of the hand, the back, the scalp, the shoulder and the thorax was somewhat less common. In 76% of the victims there was more than one type of injury. In 64% of the cases the injury had been inflicted in more than one way. In 79% of the victims the injury was at a site that was visible to the outside world, such as the head or the back of the hand. CONCLUSION: In women with injuries due to domestic violence, there was a recognisable pattern with regard to the multiplicity of the injuries, the types of injury, the preferred sites of injury and the visibility of these sites to the outside world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Severity of injuries in road crashes. A comparison of injured occupants of forward control vehicles and conventional passenger cars.

Light vans are being used increasingly as substitutes for conventional passenger cars in Australia. These "forward control" vans are not required to meet the same safety standards as passenger cars. A study group of 258 injured occupants of light vans was identified from the records of the Motor Accidents Board of Victoria. A comparison group of 3468 injured occupants of conventional cars was also identified. Both groups had been injured in accidents occurring in Victoria between 1980 and 1983. The injuries received by the van occupants were compared with those received by the car occupants. Van occupants injured in frontal crashes were more likely to have sustained leg injury, and were more likely to have sustained serious injury than were car occupants who were injured in frontal crashes. Forward control vans were found to lack protection for occupants in frontal crashes.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1991

Reconstruction of skin and soft-tissue defects in crush-injuries of the lower leg in children.

Severe crush injuries with open comminuted fractures of the lower extremity often result in extensive tissue loss. In such a situation early free microsurgical tissue transplantation offers most effective possibilities of treatment. Among others, two of the most eminent advantages of free microsurgical tissue transplantation are: 1. The possibility of tissue replacement which cannot be achieved by traditional procedures such as functional muscle transplantation or the replacement of extremely extensive tissue loss; moreover immediate or early bone coverage by well vascularized soft-tissue is most effective in the prevention of infection. 2. In many cases complete reconstruction can be achieved by a one-stage-procedure: this decreases the morbidity considerably. These advantages are demonstrated by clinical cases, where we used free microsurgical tissue transplantation.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concentric and eccentric torque comparisons for knee extension and flexion in young adult males and females using the Kinetic Communicator.

The purposes of this investigation were to establish average leg torque values as a proportion of body weight for both concentric and eccentric contractions for leg extension and leg flexion, to determine leg flexion/extension ratios for both concentric and eccentric contractions, and to compare those values in males and females from ages 15 to 34 years. The Kinetic Communicator (Kin-Com, Chattecx Corp., Chattanooga, TN), a relatively new computerized strength testing device, was used so that both concentric and eccentric torques could be measured. Pilot study results indicated that Kin-Com results were reliable, r greater than 0.88. Average torque, across the full range of motion, and peak torque expressed in newton meters were divided by body weight in kilograms to produce torque values adjusted by body weight. No differences across age or sex were observed for flexion/extension ratios, but the males' weight-adjusted torque values were significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the females'. Younger (ages 15 to 24 years) male and female subjects produced significantly (P less than 0.01) greater torque for concentric contractions than older subjects (25 to 34 years). In rehabilitation programs using the Kin-Com, the weight-adjusted torque values and flexion/extension ratios will be useful in determining patients' strength recovery from knee or leg injury and/or surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Long-term outcomes of conservatively treated paediatric pelvic fractures.

The long-term orthopaedic, urologic, and psychiatric outcomes of patients treated non-operatively for unstable pelvic fractures were assessed. There were 55 males and 3 females with an average age of 7 (3-13). Eighty-one percent of the fractures were caused by motor vehicle accidents, and 68% by auto-pedestrian accidents. Thirty-four of the 58 fractures were type Tile type B and 24 were type C. Posterior urethral injury was determined in 41 patients, and head injury in 21. Three patients with type C injury died within the first 3 days. After an average follow-up period of 7.4 years of the patients with type B injuries, leg length discrepancy of 1cm was determined in two, and limited motion associated with open-knee wound in one, and low back pain in two. Of the patients with type C injuries, low back pain was found in four, gait abnormality in three, sacroiliac ankylosis in one, and symphyseal ossification in two. Urethral stricture was determined in 11 patients, urinary incontinence in 6 and erectile dysfunction in 6. A total of 31 patients were diagnosed with 41 psychiatric illnesses, including dysthymic disorder, social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and major depression. No difference was found in the treatment outcomes of the two groups. From a holistic standpoint, long hospital stays and urologic complications are associated with serious psychological problems, and thus should be considered during selection of treatment modality.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

The effects of foot orthotics on the EMG activity of selected leg muscles during gait.

Foot orthotics have been successfully used to treat muscular overuse leg injuries in athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of foot orthotics on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius muscles during walking. Ten volunteers with leg symptoms resulting from compensatory subtalar joint pronation were fitted with foot orthotics. The duration of tibialis anterior EMG activity following heel strike and the average EMG activity of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius muscles were collected with surface electrodes. Comparisons were made between the orthotic and nonorthotic conditions. A t-test for nonindependent samples with a significance level of p < 0.05 was used for data analysis. There was a statistically significant increase in the duration of tibialis anterior activity following heel strike in the orthotic condition. There were no significant differences in the average EMG activity for any of the three muscles between the orthotic and the nonorthotic conditions. This study suggests that foot orthotics had minimal effects on the muscles studied and that further research is necessary to determine the effectiveness of orthotics on the EMG activity of other leg muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Thoracic injury potential of basic competition taekwondo kicks.

A major concern in competition taekwondo is the injury potential posed by many of the powerful kicks used. An investigation of the kinetics of four kicks frequently used in competition was performed with high speed video. Velocities were measured, and energy was calculated. Typical values for basic swing kicks were 15 ms-1 and 200 J. Basic thrust kicks possessed 45% less velocity but 28% more energy than swing kicks. Linkage models were developed to simulate the motion and kinetics of the kicking leg. Injury potential was evaluated through thoracic compression and viscous criterion models. These models predict a significant probability of serious injury with all kicks, with thoracic deflections from 3 to 5 cm and peak viscous tolerance values from 0.9-1.4 ms-1, when no protective body equipment is used.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2000

Using localized impedance measurements to study muscle changes in injury and disease.

We measured localized impedance on the surface of the thigh to determine the properties of underlying muscle; these include rho 1, the resistivity for current flowing parallel to the fibers, and theta avg, the average phase along the thigh (normalized to a standard length). The results for a modest sampling of nominally healthy subjects show that the theta avg values are substantially higher than the whole body phases encountered in standard bioimpedance analysis. When the sample is augmented to include subjects undergoing hemodialysis and/or recovering from serious illness or leg injury, the behavior of the position dependence of the phase theta (z) and the rho 1 vs. theta avg average distribution both strongly indicate a correlation between very low phase angles and injury or disease. Furthermore, measurements on a subject in a weight training program after injury provide evidence of a monotone increase in rho 1 with increasing strength. Measurements on dialysis patients during treatment show a nonlinear response of thigh muscle to the degree of fluid removal and wide disparities between individuals.

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Considerations on 100 cases of free microsurgical flaps in the reconstruction of the soft tissues of the lower limb.

The authors evaluate the results for 100 cases of severe loss of substance of the lower limb treated by microvascular free flaps at the Division of Plastic Surgery, Bellaria Hospital in Bologna, between 1994 and 2001. The cases involved recent traumatic loss of substance in 48 cases, post-traumatic defects such as osteomyelitis, ulcers, unstable scarring, sequelae of burns in 40, and neoplasms in 12. Muscular flaps were used in 89 cases, skin flaps in 9, a flap of the omentum in 1; the latissumus dorsi flap was that most frequently used (50 cases). A total of 87 cases had favorable results, while in 13 cases there was failure of the flap. Based on the results obtained, and experience, current indications and causes of failure are discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of femur fracture with associated vascular injury.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine (1) if internal fixation was associated with a high amputation rate in patients with femur fracture and vascular injury; and (2) if patients who underwent internal fixation before vascular repair had a higher amputation rate. DESIGN: This is a retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients requiring femoral stabilization with injury to the superficial femoral artery, popliteal artery, or common femoral vein were studied. The Injury Severity Score and the Mangled Extremity Severity Score were calculated for each. Nineteen patients underwent internal fixation. Ten patients had internal fixation before vascular repair. RESULTS: Sixteen of 19 patients treated with internal fixation had limb salvage. Nine of 10 patients who had internal fixation before vascular repair had limb salvage. Poor outcomes (gangrene, amputation, or death) were associated with a Mangled Extremity Severity Score > or = 6 (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: In these patients, poor outcome is associated with severe leg injury, (with a Mangled Extremity Severity Score of > or = 6). Internal fixation can be safely used, and skeletal stabilization can be safely performed before vascular repair. If ischemic time is prolonged, vascular shunts should be used until skeletal stabilization is completed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Arterial injuries in lower leg fractures, a rare but severe complication].

Vascular injuries of the popliteal or crural arteries complicating tibial fractures are rare. They often lead to acute critical limb ischaemia requiring immediate invasive diagnostic procedures and surgical repair. To illuminate the acute situation of this combined injury two case histories are presented. A comprehensive surgical approach is mandatory to salvage the injured limb.

Adult↗