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PubMed1980

Psychiatric ratings in occupational health research: a study of mental symptoms in lacquerers.

Most previous occupational health studies have employed various questionnaires for the quantitative assessment of mental symptoms. However, reporters' errors may reduce the value of the information so obtained. Semistructured psychiatric interviews and rating scales offer another method to collect data on the prevalence of mental symptoms. This paper describes the application of rating techniques in an epidemiological study of the effect on the nervous system of occupational exposure to organic solvents. The results suggest that ratings by trained interviewers are as useful as many neurophysiological and psychometrical methods to detect early neurotoxicity. The contention agrees with a general opinion that slight changes in mental comfort and personality often are the first signs of progressive brain damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional epidemiological study on neurotoxicity of solvents in paints and lacquers.

In a multi-disciplinary retrospective study we examined 105 house painters employed for at least ten years (median 27 years, range 10-36 years). Fifty-three workers from various professions (non-painters), who were matched with regard to age, occupational training and socio-economic status served as the control group. In both groups no cases of a clinically manifest polyneuropathy or encephalopathy were found. The neurophysiological examinations (EEG and NCV-measurement) showed no differences in painters and controls that would indicate adverse effects of organic solvents. There were no cases with neuroradiological findings of a diffuse cerebral atrophy. Furthermore the evaluation of certain brain structures (ventricular diameter, cella media index) of the CAT films did not reveal any significant differences. In the neurobehavioral tests significant differences in the results were only found in the subtests "change of personality" and "short term memory capacity" in a subgroup of painters with repeated prenarcotic symptoms at the workplace. Ambient air monitoring measurements at 30 representative workplaces showed that the concentrations of the main components of the solvent-mixtures were well below the MAK-values. The results of the "Erlangen Painter Study" does not confirm former epidemiologic findings from other countries, mainly Denmark. However, there are some aspects, such as minor solvent exposure in German house painters, insufficient diagnostic and etiological procedures as well as misclassifications which may explain the different experiences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Genotoxicity of the coating lacquer on food cans, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis products and a chlorohydrin of BADGE.

The epoxy resin bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), its hydrolysis products and a chlorohydrin of BADGE (BADGE.2HCl), were examined for their genotoxicity in the micronucleus test (MNT) with human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro, in presence and in absence of an exogenous metabolizing system S9 rat liver. The treatment was done using different compound concentrations up to cytotoxic doses. The concentrations tested ranged between 12.5 to 62.5microg/ml of BADGE, 12.5 to 62.5microg/ml of first BADGE hydrolysis product (BADGE.H(2)O), 25.0 to 100.0microg/ml of second BADGE hydrolysis product (BADGE.2H(2)O) and 6.25 to 50.0microg/ml of BADGE.2HCl. These compounds are able to induce both cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, as revealed by the increases observed in cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) and in micronuclei (MN) frequencies, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Combination of fluconazole and urea in a nail lacquer for treating onychomycosis.

BACKGROUND METHODS: Altogether, 13 patients with onychomycosis, aged 25-78 years, most with involvement of the matrix region, were treated. A solution of 1% fluconazole and 20% urea in a mixture of ethanol and water was applied once daily, at bedtime. RESULTS: In four patients there was complete resolution of the condition; four patients who had involvement of one nail only demonstrated a 90% improvement. Of the four patients who had presented with involvement of both big toenails, two showed 50% improvement bilaterally and in the remaining two patients there was a 90% improvement in one nail and a 50% improvement in the other. One patient with proximal white subungual onychomycosis of the finger nail, who grew Alternaria, relapsed during treatment after an initial positive response. CONCLUSION: Generally, a favourable response to local treatment may be anticipated only if the distal two-thirds of the nail is affected. In view of this, and despite the fact that most of the patients were severely affected with involvement of the proximal third of the nail, the response to local therapy was appreciable.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2005

New insights into the effect of amorolfine nail lacquer.

Despite improvements in antifungal strategies, the outcome of treating onychomycoses often remains uncertain. Several factors account for treatment failure, of which the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antifungal are of importance. The taxonomic nature and ungual location of the fungus cannot be neglected, besides the type of nail and its growth rate. In addition, the biological cycle of the fungus and the metabolic activity of the pathogen likely play a marked influence in drug response. The presence of natural antimicrobial peptides in the nail is also probably a key feature controlling the cure rates. There are many outstanding publications that cover the full spectrum of the field. The purpose of this review is to put in perspective some facets of activity of the topical treatment using amorolfine nail laquer. The antifungal activity of the drug is likely less pronounced in onychomycosis than that expected from conventional in vitro studies. However, the nail laquer formulation should reduce the propensity to form antifungal-resistant spores and limit the risk of reinfection.

Administration, Topical↗