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PubMed2005

On kissing and sighing: Renaissance homoerotic love from Ficino's De Amore and Sopra Lo Amore to Cesare Trevisani's L'impresa (1569).

This essay investigates the homoerotic connotations present in the so-called treatises on love, a popular philosophical and literary genre of the Italian Renaissance. The referential text of this sixteenth- century genre is Marsilio Ficino's De amore (1484), a deeply innovative interpretation of Plato's Symposium. Focusing on the initial section of Ficino's text, Maggi highlights some important structural differences between the De amore and the Symposium. Moreover, by comparing Ficino's Latin text with his own subsequent Italian translation (Sopra lo amore, 1544), Maggi examines how Ficino interprets some key terms such as appearance and splendor. The second part of the essay studies Cesare Trevisani's L'impresa (1569), a later treatise on love with an explicit homoerotic foundation.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Effects of erotica upon men's and women's loving and liking responses for their partners.

We replicated the essential features of the 1978 Dermer and Pysczinski study in two investigations with 70 and 197 subjects, respectively. The primary question was whether the reading of erotic texts (vs neutral texts) affects only scores on the 1970 Love scale of Rubin or also scores on the liking scale. We tested men and women, both individually and in groups. We found no significant effects due to the experimental treatment on either of the scales for women and men. Present moods of the subjects yielded a double interaction with gender and the experimental treatment for scores on the Love scale, but not those on the Liking scale. We interpreted the interaction in relation to the discriminant validity of the two scales.

Affect↗
PubMed1995

Love-styles among Latino community college students in Los Angeles.

145 Latino community college students enrolled in Chicano Studies classes in Los Angeles, California were administered a love-attitudes scale. Analysis showed that the mean scores and endorsement patterns were similar to those in earlier research on white-Latino and white-non-Latino students in the United States. Significant gender differences were found. Latino men scored more Ludic and Agapic than women. Researchers might examine the love-styles and ethnic identity in and out of marriage among Latinos, whites, and Asians in southern California.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Gender differences in love, sex, and motivation for sex.

In 1989 Sprague and Quadagno reported a significant interaction between sex and age for "motive for sexual intercourse" (affection-closeness vs physical release). Young men exceeded women in physical release as primary motive for sex, but women exceeded men in this choice at an older age. We conducted a modified replication, and we also studied Rubin's Love Scale, sexual interest, frequency of sexual arousal, and sexual enjoyment. Analysis did not confirm the earlier findings. For 60 men and 60 women differences were found for sexual interest, frequency of sexual arousal, and sexual enjoyment, with men scoring higher. Scores on Rubin's Love Scale did not differentiate the sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Love styles among Guatemalans in a local village.

81 participants in a village in Guatemala were administered a translated version of the 1986 Love Attitudes Scale of Hendrick and Hendrick. Analysis showed that the men scored significantly higher on the Ludus love style than the women. Research among other Latinos outside the United States is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Stalking and the pathologies of love.

Fourteen patients with pathologies of love (erotomania) are presented; all stalked the object of their disordered affections. These cases were encountered in forensic practice and were personally assessed, and in most cases managed, by the authors. Victim impact reports or depositions made by the objects of these patients' unwanted attentions were available. All patients indulged in stalking behaviours which included following, loitering in the victim's vicinity, approaching, telephoning, and sending letters. The objects of the patients' affections were threatened in five cases, violently assaulted in five--one fatally--and sexually attacked in seven cases. Those believed to stand in the way of their delusional love were also on occasion the victims of violence. This series is unusual in the degree of intrusiveness and overt violence, which probably reflects the forensic context in which the cases were encountered. The cases comprise a particular group of erotomanics who exhibit stalking and violent behaviour. The erotomanic syndromes often went unrecognised and the threat to the peace and safety of the objects of their affections was not always given proper weight. The clinical importance of this sub-group of stalkers is emphasised, as is their relevance in the legislative, and judicial, responses to stalking.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Thoughts on love, sex, and commitment.

The effort is made to delineate some of the key issues involved in the interaction of love, sex, and commitment. Coupling is viewed from an ethological perspective that suggests that, in addition to the developmental contribution of the parent-child experience, peer-peer relating is a major determinant of adult hetrosexual relatedness. Couples are next considered as responding to social and economic forces that influence powerfully what types and duration of relationships have survival value. Finally, the nature of the inner experience of couples, their existential awareness of themselves and the other, and the meaning that they attribute to it is discussed. Being a member of a couple is participating in a story, sometimes a "love story," and whether or not it is seen as a good story depends on one's critical vantage point. Finally, the analysis of relationships is contrasted with the experience of a relationship as a gestalt, a whole; not as the sum of its parts.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Preoccupations and behaviors associated with romantic and parental love. Perspectives on the origin of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This article first examines the hypothesis that the early phases of romantic love and early parental love share phenomenologically an overlapping set of mental states and behaviors. Second, the authors consider what is known of the neurobiologic substrates of these behaviors. Third, the authors evaluate the hypothesis that these highly conserved behavioral and neural systems and the genetic messages that guide their development are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Dynamical models of love.

Following a suggestion of Strogatz, this paper examines a sequence of dynamical models involving coupled ordinary differential equations describing the time-variation of the love or hate displayed by individuals in a romantic relationship. The models start with a linear system of two individuals and advance to love triangles and finally to include the effect of nonlinearities, which are shown to produce chaos.

Hate↗
PubMed2003

The love and belonging healthcare needs of HIV infected African-American men upon admission to an AIDS dedicated nursing home.

The purpose of this study was to describe the love and belonging healthcare needs of HIV infected African-American men upon admission to an AIDS dedicated nursing home. Subjects were 73 (N=73) African-American men 26 to 60 years of age that were admitted to an AIDS dedicated nursing home in the Southern New England area between 1995 and 1999. Most of the men were single (n = 39) and estranged from their immediate families. Many of these men did not have a family member supportive of discharge (n = 60) and did not desire discharge back out into the community (n = 40). A significant number of these men reported having children (n = 40). It has been noted that unmet love and belonging needs lead to a sense of loneliness and isolation. Therefore, it is imperative that nurses strive to attend to these psychosocial needs in the same manner as they do the physical needs of clients entrusted to their care. The African-American men in this study found a sense of family in the AIDS dedicated nursing home making it potentially a valuable source of needed social support.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2005

[Delusional jealousy and obsessive love--causes and forms].

Obsessive love and delusional jealousy as persistent mental disorders, are well-known but rare psychiatric conditions, the prevalence of which is estimated to be less than 0.1%. Delusional jealousy should not be confused with exaggerated "pathological" jealousy, which is characterized by excessive suspicion and possessiveness on the part of individuals who, as a rule, suffer from considerably disordered self-esteem. As a paranoid development, delusional jealousy occurs in particular among male chronic alcoholics. As in all delusional disorders, trivial events are evaluated with unshakeable certainty as proof of the correctness of the delusive notion. Obsessive love is seen predominantly in women. In the differential diagnosis, other mental disorders such as schizophrenia, manic or organic brain syndrome must be excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[A discussion of nursing management philosophy in the light of Mo-tzu's concept of love without distinction].

When one mentions the word, "management," people all too easily conclude that one is referring to the question of how to create profit for a business enterprise. This is because, in business, that is indeed the precise purpose of management. So what should the aim of management be in nursing? That is to say, how does the function of management apply to the nursing profession? It is not difficult to understand that behind the implementation of any practice is a key thought or guiding principle. To investigate the central idea or key thought about nursing management requires research into the philosophy of nursing management. The writer believes that the teaching of Mo-tzu, who advocated love without distinction, in ancient (pre-Chin) China, is the fundamental idea of nursing management, because that philosophy emphasizes impartial love of every person. It does not stress investigations of different levels of abstract theories; but simply calls for the practical application of the idea. The goal of nursing management is to care about patients impartially and strengthen nursing care. The aim of nursing care is completely different from that of business enterprises. We can also say that it is precisely because nursing means taking care of sick people, that the goal of nursing management is to care about achieving the recovery of body, mind, and spirit of a patient. The management of nursing, therefore, and the goal of nursing are united harmoniously into one in nursing care.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Unrequited love and the wish to kill. Diagnosis and treatment of borderline erotomania.

The author hypothesizes that erotomania, or de Clérambault's syndrome, occurs in two forms: the clinically accepted delusional erotomania, in which patients believe that another person is in love with them; and borderline erotomania, in which no delusion is present, yet an extreme disorder of attachment is apparent in the pursuit of, and in the potential for violence toward, the unrequited love object. The author reviews the empirical literature concerning erotomania and then develops an object relations understanding of the disorder, focusing on the presence of narcissistic, hysterical, paranoid, and psychopathic traits in the erotomanic individual.

Delusions↗
PubMed1980

Symposium on object relations theory and love. Object concept and object choice.

Any considerations of object relations theory and love requires a clear understanding of how the term, object relations, is used. In this contribution the concept of the object as a mental representation is emphasized. Developmentally, the evolution of the object cannot be separated from the vicissitudes of the drives. Sensorimotor experience is metaphorically assimilated in terms of pleasure-unpleasure components. Since the object concept develops in this context, it is inextricably linked to the vicissitudes of the drives. In later experience, these become organized in terms of persistent unconscious fantasies that ultimately affect object choice and patterns of loving. These are multiple determined and are influenced by contributions from all levels of development, predominantly integrated under the aegis of the oedipus complex.

Aggression↗
PubMed1994

Transference-countertransference: realizing a love by not actualizing it.

This paper deals with the nature and function of transference and countertransference, with respect to transference love. After a summary of the major views on the nature of transference and its function in the analytic process, the paper presents a case in which this issue of transference love was pertinent and how the therapist dealt with these feelings.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Transference: erotised, erotic, loving, affectionate.

Within a set of phenomena traditionally problematic for psychoanalysis, four types of erotic transference are outlined with a description of their dynamic genesis and related case histories (transference and countertransference developments, fundamental treatment procedures): erotised, erotic, loving, and affectionate transference. The first type is based mostly on psychotic modalities, the second on neurotic modalities. Both the loving and the affectionate transference, on the other hand, turn out to be clinical forms corresponding to a normal substantially same development, different from each other by virtue of a diverse level of maturation in the Oedipus complex: they often provoke--in analysts--a defensive stiffening which is harmful and--from the theoretical point of view--not above reproach. The work is particularly focused on the analytic evolution of a female patient who develops an amorous transference in which the defensive aspects prove to be less important than the potentially evolutionary ones. The treatment has been based--in particular--on the analytic utilisation of this transference. The last part of the contribution is devoted to the analysts' 'guarantee factors', which permit them to work in psychoanalysis with the 'highly explosive forces' of these transference configurations, maintaining a useful, rigorous, sensitive and sufficiently creative framework.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Love and the heritage of the past.

In this paper, the author explores the difficulties in developing the capacity to fall and remain in love, as shown in a case study of a Holocaust survivor's daughter whose mother lived through the Holocaust as a child. These difficulties arose from the inability of the daughter to go through the mourning processes necessary for the separation from her bereaved mother, as well as from the daughter's fixation on the mother's interminable, unresolved mourning. The daughter exploited her relationships with the love objects in her life to play the role of the victim/persecutor. She thus enacted the drama of facing death and being rescued through flight or promiscuity, elements which were dominant in her fantasies relating to her mother's past. The working through of the transference relationship helped her become aware of the unconscious meaning embedded in her actions and eventually lessened her need to live her mother's past in her own life.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Treating the love-sick patient.

Love-sick patients come to therapy because they are suffering from an obsession. Their lover has left, apparently for good. They cannot accept this fact, mourn the loss and get on with life. Object relations theory offers a framework for better understanding their suffering. The patients described have experienced early relationship disturbances, and their adult love offered an illusory defence against deep feelings of fragility and low self-esteem. Accepting the finality of their lover's departure meant re-experiencing feelings of abandonment and worthlessness. An effective psychodynamic strategy in cases like these is to focus on these painful feelings, particularly as they appear in the therapy relationship. Learning to tolerate them in this relationship can be a positive step towards accepting the lover's departure.

Adult↗