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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Hemodynamics of the liver. II. Hemodynamics of the dog liver after resection of 70% of the liver and ligation of the left branch of the portal vein].

Blood supply to the liver was determined by help of the direct method after 70 per cent hepatic resection and after ligation of the left branch of portal vein in dogs. The total blood supply remains unchanged after both surgical procedures, while the circulation in the remaining lobes, resp. in those patent for portal blood stream, considerably increases. After the resection portal hypertension develops. This elevated portal pressure was not observed after ligation of the left portal branch.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Clinical and preclinical trials of isolated liver perfusion for advanced liver tumors: primary liver tumors.

Preclinical serum and tissue pharmacology studies have played a key role in the development and testing of this novel system designed to treat liver tumors. Pharmacologic evaluation confirmed that the CVHI-CF system significantly limited systemic serum and tissue exposure to chemotherapy drugs given by HAI. By reducing systemic drug exposure and, thus, limiting systemic toxicity, higher doses of antitumor agents can be administered to enhance intratumoral drug levels and increase tumor cell kill. The CVHI-CF system will likely prove increasingly valuable as more active chemotherapeutic agents are developed to treat hepatic malignancies.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Experimental methods in hepatology. Guidelines of the German Work Group for Study of the Liver. Therapy of ascites in liver diseases. German Work Group for Study of the Liver].

Patients with "uncomplicated" ascites (no encephalopathy, electrolyte derangements or markedly impaired renal function) respond well to the conventional sequential therapy comprising dietary sodium restriction, aldosterone antagonists and loop diuretics. A close monitoring of the patients is important to avoid side effects. For massive ascites, ascites refractory to diuretic treatment or recidivant ascites daily therapeutic paracentesis is recommended. Four to six liters of ascites should be drained daily followed by infusion of plasma expanders (preferentially albumin, eventually hemacell or dextran-70) until the patient is almost free of ascites. The diuretic treatment should be instituted. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) represents a promising novel therapeutic modality the therapeutic impact of which has to be more clearly defined in prospective studies. Several experimental approaches have been proposed for the therapy of the hepatorenal syndrome (Dopamine, Ornipressin, TIPS). Liver transplantation is the only causal treatment of refractory ascites or hepatorenal syndrome and should be discussed when a patient presents with massive ascites.

Ascites↗
PubMed1998

Effect of human liver source on the functionality of isolated hepatocytes and liver slices.

In vitro experiments using human liver tissue to study drug metabolism and transport are usually performed and interpreted without real consideration of the differences in procurement of the tissue, if it is obtained from different sources. Therefore, in this study the functionality of isolated hepatocytes and liver slices prepared either from healthy human liver tissue obtained from patients undergoing partial hepatectomy [livers from partial hepatectomy (PH-livers)] or from donor tissue remaining after reduced-size or split-liver transplantation [livers from transplantation (Tx-livers)] was compared. From each liver sample, both liver slices and hepatocytes were prepared and compared with respect to viability and drug disposition. The viability of hepatocytes was assessed by trypan blue exclusion, ATP content, and energy charge and that of liver slices by potassium retention. In both preparations phase I metabolism was studied using lidocaine and testosterone as substrates, whereas phase I and II metabolism was assessed with 7-ethoxycoumarin. The membrane transport capability of the hepatocytes was investigated by measuring the uptake of taurocholic acid. The hepatocytes from PH-livers and Tx-livers showed similar viabilities and functional capacities. Metabolism in cells and slices from Tx-livers was found to be quantitatively comparable. However, liver slices from PH-livers showed a significantly lower metabolic capacity, compared with cells from the same tissue. This may indicate that only some of the hepatocytes in the liver slices from PH-livers participate in the metabolism of the compounds studied and that a selection of healthy cells takes place during isolation of the hepatocytes. Our results imply that hepatocytes isolated from Tx-livers and PH-livers can be used in the same study without consideration of the procurement of the tissue. However, the procurement of the tissue may significantly influence the functions of liver slices; the liver slices prepared from PH-livers showed significantly lower metabolic function, compared with slices prepared from Tx-livers.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Correlation between intrasinusoidal neutrophilic infiltration and ceroid-lipofuscinosis in alcoholic liver fibrosis with or without fatty change: clinicopathological comparison with nutritional fatty liver.

A histopathological study was conducted on alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change (21 cases) and alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change (18 cases) in comparison with nutritional fatty liver (27 cases). The diagnoses of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups were clinically fulfilled according to the criteria established by the Alcohol and Liver Research Group (Chief: Professor Takeuchi) of the Ministry of Education of Japan. Histological diagnosis of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change was based on moderate and/or greater fatty metamorphosis of the hepatic lobules, alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change on a lesser degree of fatty metamorphosis than alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change, and nutritional fatty liver on clinicopathological features. All 66 cases were negative for viral markers of hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus in serum. Intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltrations were significant in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups more often than in cases of nutritional fatty liver. The degree of intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltration in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis groups was higher in cases who had last consumed alcohol recently, compared with those with longer abstinence. In alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and nutritional fatty liver groups, mild-to-moderate degrees of ceroid-lipofuscinosis were recognized, but both fatty change and ceroid-lipofuscinosis were decreased according to the deterioration of fibrotic changes in alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change cases. On the other hand, it is significant that the frequency of ceroid-lipofuscinosis in alcoholic liver fibrosis without the fatty change group was lower than those of the alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and nutritional fatty liver groups. Distribution of ceroid-lipofuscinosis has a tendency to be recognized around the central zone (zone III) of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change cases with mild fibrosis, as in nutritional fatty liver cases, and the ceroid-lipofuscinosis disperses with the progression of fibrosis. These results suggest that fibrosis and fatty droplet deposition lead to microvascular heterogeneity. Therefore, the degree and distribution of fatty droplets, ceroid-lipofuscinosis, and intrasinusoidal neutrophil infiltration differ, depending on the etiology of fatty liver, and are an important histopathological barometer in cases of alcoholic liver fibrosis with fatty change and alcoholic liver fibrosis without fatty change, thus indicating the degree of fibrosis and the period since last alcohol intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Postoperative liver failure after major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the modern era with special reference to remnant liver volume.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative liver failure is a life-threatening complication after hepatic resection. Because of recent advances in liver surgery technique and a more stringent patient selection, mortality after hepatic resection has steadily decreased, but its incidence still ranges from 10% to 20%. The factors linked to postoperative liver failure in major hepatic resection in the modern era should be reevaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Of 80 patients with viral markers (hepatitis C viral antibody or hepatitis B surface antigen) who underwent major hepatic resections (no less than bisegmentectomies) for hepatocellular carcinoma between 1990 and 1996, 7 patients (8.8%) died of postoperative liver failure within 6 months after hepatectomy. The cause of liver failure was analyzed based on both the preoperative data and the intraoperative findings. In addition, since all the patients who died of liver failure underwent a right hepatic lobectomy, a further data analysis was also done in 47 patients who underwent a right lobectomy of the liver. A volumetric analysis by CT was then done to evaluate the remnant liver volume. RESULTS: Between the patients with liver failure and those without liver failure who underwent a right lobectomy, there were no significant differences in preoperative data or intraoperative findings. Volumetric analysis revealed that the remnant liver volume of patients who died of liver failure was significantly smaller than that of patients who lived (p = 0.008). The incidence of liver failure in patients with a remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2 was 7 of 20 (38%), while it was 0 of 27 in patients with a liver volume of no less than 250 mL/m2 (p = 0.0012). The only significant risk factor for liver failure in patients with a remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2 was diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0072). CONCLUSIONS: The expected remnant liver volume appears to be a good predictor for liver failure in patients who undergo a right lobectomy of the liver. In patients with diabetes mellitus and an expected remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2, a major hepatectomy should be avoided. Careful patient selection based on volumetric analysis in major hepatectomy cases could help prevent the occurrence of postoperative liver failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Changes in liver and spleen volumes in alcoholic liver disease.

Liver and spleen volumes were determined using computed tomography in 57 subjects with alcoholic liver disease and 76 subjects with nonalcoholic liver disease, in order to clarify the clinical characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms of portal hypertension in alcoholic liver disease. The liver volumes in alcoholic liver disease were significantly larger than those in nonalcoholic liver disease, except in cases of decompensated liver cirrhosis. The increase in liver volume in alcoholic liver disease showed a significant correlation with the degree of hepatocytic ballooning. Overlapping of values for liver volume between alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease was quite small, suggesting that determination of liver volumes could be helpful for making etiological diagnoses in chronic liver disease. Spleen volumes were increased in the advanced cases of both alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease. The correlations between liver and spleen volumes were quite different between alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease. In nonalcoholic liver disease, a negative correlation was obtained, while, on the other hand, it was significantly positive in alcoholic liver disease. This appears to suggest that the pathogenetic mechanism of portal hypertension may differ between the diseases. After abstinence from alcohol, the decrease in liver and spleen volumes showed a statistically significant correlation, suggesting that ballooning of the hepatocytes may play a role in the augmentation of portal hypertension in alcoholic liver disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Changes in type IV collagen content in livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease.

An increase of serum type IV collagen levels in patients with liver disease has been reported; however, the mechanisms of this increase are not yet well known. We recently developed an assay system for type IV collagen content in liver biopsy specimens. In this study, type IV collagen content in the livers and sera of patients with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease was determined. Serum and hepatic type IV collagen contents were measured with a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay system using monoclonal antibodies for human type IV collagen. Hepatic type IV collagen content increased significantly in liver disease. In alcoholic liver disease, type IV collagen content in patients with mild fibrosis was lower than that in advanced types of alcoholic liver disease. In nonalcoholic liver disease, hepatic type IV collagen content tended to increase with the progression of fibrosis. Type IV collagen content in alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. Hepatic total collagen content increased significantly in parallel with the progression of fibrosis in both alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease. The total collagen content in each type of alcoholic liver disease was significantly lower than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. The ratio of type IV collagen to total collagen content was the highest in livers showing mild fibrosis, both in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease, and decreased in parallel with the progression of fibrosis. The ratio in patients with alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in those with the corresponding nonalcoholic liver disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Collagen↗