Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LITHIUM”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Falsely elevated lithium levels in plasma samples obtained in lithium containing tubes.

CASE REPORT: We present a case of lithium poisoning in a 15-month-old child. Delayed elevation of the plasma lithium concentration at 13 hours after admission to a hospital was noted. This appeared to be factitiously related to the collection of samples in a speckled green top tube which contains lithium heparin as an anticoagulant. CONCLUSION: This type of false elevation has not been reported in the medical literature. A follow-up study in five healthy volunteers showed that the lithium concentrations of plasma samples obtained in speckled green top tubes are increased by approximately 1.5 mEq/L (1.5 mmol/L).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The lithium concentration of the blood plasma in combined therapy with lithium carbonate and carbamazepine].

In view of the fact that therapy of affective psychoses with the combination of lithium carbonate with carbamazepine has been becoming ever common, the question arises about the influence of carbamazepine on plasma lithium concentration. On the material of 125 blood samples by using the method of dispersion analysis it was shown that carbamazepine exerts no effect on this parameter. Therefore when carbamazepine is added to lithium therapy it is not advisable to decrease lithium dose as it can result in a reduction of the therapeutic effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Non-lithium-induced renal failure with secondary lithium toxicity: case reports.

Two manic-depressive patients are described who presented with acute renal failure and concurrent lithium toxicity. In both cases the etiology of the renal failure was not a direct result of the use of lithium. Controversy concerning the nephrotoxicity of lithium is discussed, and recommendations for the evaluation of renal failure during lithium therapy are provided.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

[Erroneous diagnosis of lithium poisoning due to use of lithium-heparin bloodletting tubes].

In two male patients, aged 53 and 21 years, lithium intoxication was suspected. The diagnosis was apparently confirmed by blood testing (the lithium concentrations amounted to 3.68 and 1.82 mmol/l, respectively). Retrospectively however it was found that blood sampling tubes with lithium-heparin as the anticoagulant had been used. No lithium intoxication was present in the patients. Clear instructions in writing are necessary to prevent this error.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Saliva lithium concentrations in the management of lithium therapy.

To define conditions under which saliva lithium carbonate concentrations can be used as a guide in lithium therapy, serum (Cp) and saliva (Cs) concentrations were determined simultaneously under different circumstances in 12 patients receiving lithium, and the effect of seven variables for example, (sex, saliva flow rate) on the Cp:Cs ratio was examined. The average ratio was 0.57 if saliva was collected in the morning before breakfast and 0.45 otherwise. The Cp:Cs ratio was found to vary much more between individuals than within an individual. We propose a method that minimizes the effect of the interindividual variation on the error in the prediction of Cp from Cs by using one or two measured Cp:Cs ratios to adjust the individual ratio. Using this technique the Cs may be useful as a predictor of the Cp in monitoring lithium therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy.

BACKGROUND: A 6-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of combined therapy with olanzapine and either valproate or lithium compared with valproate or lithium alone in treating acute manic or mixed bipolar episodes. METHODS: The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine (5-20 mg/d) vs placebo when added to ongoing mood-stabilizer therapy as measured by reductions in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores. Patients with bipolar disorder (n = 344), manic or mixed episode, who were inadequately responsive to more than 2 weeks of lithium or valproate therapy, were randomized to receive cotherapy (olanzapine + mood-stabilizer) or monotherapy (placebo + mood-stabilizer). RESULTS: Olanzapine cotherapy improved patients' YMRS total scores significantly more than monotherapy (-13.11 vs -9.10; P = .003). Clinical response rates (> or = 50% improvement on YMRS) were significantly higher with cotherapy (67.7% vs 44.7%; P< .001). Olanzapine cotherapy improved 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21) total scores significantly more than monotherapy (4.98 vs 0.89 points; P< .001). In patients with mixed-episodes with moderate to severe depressive symptoms (DSM-IV mixed episode; HAMD-21 score of > or = 20 at baseline), olanzapine cotherapy improved HAMD-21 scores by 10.31 points compared with 1.57 for monotherapy (P< .001). Extrapyramidal symptoms (Simpson-Angus Scale, Barnes Akathisia Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) were not significantly changed from baseline to end point in either treatment group. Treatment-emergent symptoms that were significantly higher for the olanzapine cotherapy group included somnolence, dry mouth, weight gain, increased appetite, tremor, and slurred speech. CONCLUSION: Compared with the use of valproate or lithium alone, the addition of olanzapine provided superior efficacy in the treatment of manic and mixed bipolar episodes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid function during co-administration of lithium and carbamazepine compared to lithium alone.

Among 20 chronically psychotic patients, half of whom received lithium and half of whom received the combination of lithium and carbamazepine, thyroxine levels were slightly higher and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were slightly lower among the patients receiving lithium compared with the patients receiving the combination of lithium and carbamazepine. The clinical implications of our findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lithium therapy associated with hidradenitis suppurativa: case report and a review of the dermatologic side effects of lithium.

Lithium is frequently used in the management of several psychiatric disorders including acute mania, bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder, and recurrent depression. We describe a patient in whom hidradenitis suppurativa developed while the patient was receiving lithium. The cutaneous side effects of lithium are reviewed. The most frequent are psoriasis, acneiform lesions, folliculitis, alopecia, and a maculopapular/macular eruption. Many of these side effects respond less readily to conventional therapy while the patient is receiving lithium.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Enantioselective conjugate addition of a lithium ester enolate catalyzed by chiral lithium amides.

Mixed aggregates of chiral lithium amide and lithium ester enolate have been employed in the enantioselective conjugate addition on alpha,beta-unsaturated esters. Michael adducts were obtained in ee's up to 76% combining a lithium enolate and a chiral 3-aminopyrrolidine lithium amide. The sense of the induction was found to be determined by both the relative configuration of the stereogenic centers borne by the amide and the solvent in which the reaction was conducted. [reaction: see text]

Amides↗
PubMed2001

Lithium revisited: savings brought about by the use of lithium, 1970-1991.

BACKGROUND: Recent estimates of the cost of manic-depressive illness totaled roughly $45 billion in 1991. Using data from the Epidemiological Catchment Area (ECA) study, this study estimates the savings brought about by the use of lithium between 1970 and 1991. METHODS: Total savings are the difference between estimated actual costs and projected costs had lithium never been introduced. Actual yearly costs were interpolated from data for 1970 and 1991, and projected costs were obtained by adjusting 1970 costs with Consumer Price Index (CPI) and population inflaters. All costs for 1970 were obtained using methods almost identical to those used to calculate the 1991 costs of manic-depressive illness, presented in a previous publication. All savings are presented in 1991 dollars. RESULTS: Between 1970 and 1991, lithium saved over $170 billion, or roughly over $8 billion per year. Approximately $15 billion in direct costs, which included inpatient and outpatient care as well as research, was saved between 1970 and 1991. The savings are more dramatic for indirect costs, which include the lost productivity of wage-earners, homemakers, family caregivers, and individuals who are in institutions or who committed suicide; these totaled roughly $155 billion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, although manic-depressive illness is still costly, lithium has been tremendously successful in treating the illness, and has provided enormous financial savings in the process.

Antimanic Agents↗
PubMed2002

Lithium neurotoxicity: the development of irreversible neurological impairment despite standard monitoring of serum lithium levels.

We report the case of a 44 year old man who presented with a two-month history of dysarthria, ataxia and leg weakness whilst on maintenance lithium for bipolar disorder. Examination revealed significant cerebellar and pyramidal dysfunction. Serum lithium was 1.5 mmol/l, a moderate elevation above his usual stable levels of 0.4-0.8 mmol/l. The patient's past history included hypertension and chronic renal impairment and the development of neurological symptoms coincided with the recent onset of heart failure. On cessation of lithium he partially recovered, the main residuum being persistent cerebellar ataxia. The case is an example of lithium neurotoxicity developing insidiously in the absence of an overt acute phase syndrome, and highlights the need for keen observation of the patient in the hope of preventing permanent deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Lithium and calcium-dependent cell functions. The contribution of a membrane physiology approach in explaining the therapeutic effects of lithium].

The action of lithium on cellular calcium regulation has been observed in snail neurons using electrophysiological methods. Recently, calcium-dependent mechanisms are thought to play a central role in the integrative functions of the CNS. The coupling between humoral and electrical effects of neurons by calcium iones appears to be especially interesting in respect of the clinical actions of lithium. Here we discuss clinical and experimental studies considering the question if the well known effects of lithium therapy could be produced by an action of lithium on the calcium regulation of nerve cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The distribution of lithium, sodium and magnesium in rat brain and plasma after various periods of administration of lithium in the diet.

1 The tissue solubilizer Soluene-100 provides an efficient and easy means of preparing small amounts of rat tissue for cation analysis. 2 Administration of lithium ions to rats for two days to 42 days by the addition of lithium chloride to the diet at a concentration of 30 mmol/kg dry weight results in (a) the uniform distribution of lithium throughout the brain at a concentration comparable to that found in plasma; (b) decrease in the brain sodium concentration: (c) a decrease in brain magnesium concentration and an increase in plasma magnesium concentration; (d)no change in brain water content. 3 The inclusion of LiCl in the diet at a concentration of 30 mmol/kg dry food gives consistent and predictable plasma and brain levels of lithium in the rat without the occurrence of serious side effects over periods of up to 42 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Kidney functioning during lithium treatment: a prospective study of patients treated with lithium for up to ten years.

A cohort of 53 patients with affective disorders who originally carried through renal functional tests before start of prophylactic lithium treatment were followed up prospectively after an average period of 8.5 years (range 7-10 years). Ten patients who had continued lithium treatment were re-examined. In this subgroup, the glomerular function was unaffected by the treatment, whereas the average urine volume increased during lithium treatment (NS). Polyuria and low renal concentrating abilities were also found before start of treatment and these findings underline the importance of access to renal baseline information prior to lithium treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The use of phospholipid liposomes for lithium administration. Polydipsic effect and tissue distribution of lithium.

Administration of lithium entrapped in phospholipid liposomes increased the lithium-induced polydipsia, but did not accelerate the onset of this effect. It also resulted in a larger accumulation of lithium in the liver, kidney and spleen, but not in the brain. The time course of polydipsia suggests that it depends on the intracellular lithium concentration. However, the rate of development of this effect depends on some additional factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Decreased lithium clearance due to distal tubular lithium reabsorption in sodium-depleted dogs.

Lithium clearances were performed in conscious dogs on varying sodium intakes. Fractional lithium excretion (FE-Li) was 22.6 +/- 2.2% in sodium-replete dogs (fractional sodium excretion, FE-Na greater than 0.4%, n = 11) but only 6.9 +/- 2.3% in sodium-depleted dogs (FE-Na less than 0.4%, n = 25). In 4 markedly sodium-depleted dogs (FE-Na 0.03 +/- 0.02%) the distally acting diuretic amiloride caused an 8-fold increase in FE-Li (from 1.5 +/- 1.0 to 11.6 +/- 2.0%). Our data suggest that tubular reabsorption of lithium in sodium-depleted dogs is not restricted to the proximal tubules but also occurs in the distal nephron. Therefore the lithium clearance cannot be used as an index of sodium and filtrate delivery from the proximal tubules in sodium-depleted dogs.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1998

Psychiatric symptoms and syndromes among adolescent children of parents with lithium-responsive or lithium-nonresponsive bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the initial course of psychiatric illness in the adolescent children of parents with bipolar disorder who were divided into two groups on the basis of their response to long-term lithium monotherapy. METHOD: Proband parents met Research Diagnostic Criteria for bipolar illness and predetermined criteria for a clear response or nonresponse to lithium prophylaxis. All adolescent offspring were interviewed by a blinded interviewer using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, and final diagnosis was made by blinded consensus. RESULTS: Psychiatrically ill children of lithium-responsive parents tended to have affective disorders that remitted and followed a recurrent course. Psychiatrically ill children of lithium-nonresponsive parents, however, manifested a broad range of psychopathology, had high rates of comorbid illnesses, and experienced nonremitting affective illnesses. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that family history and course of illness are important factors to consider in the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of affective disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The impact of lithium in South-West Scotland. III. The discontinuation of lithium.

A review in South-West Scotland of all patients prescribed lithium for the first time during the years 1972-82 showed that on average, 12 per 100,000 of the general population start this drug each year. By the end of the period, lithium had been stopped in 58% of patients; the most common reason for discontinuation was the development of side-effects, of which tremor was the most frequent. In only 15% was lithium stopped as it was considered no longer necessary; 44% of patients discontinued lithium within one year of starting it.

Adult↗