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PubMedDate not supplied

Karyotypic analysis of C-banded chromosomes of diploid alfalfa: Medicago sativa ssp. caerulea and ssp. falcata and their hybrid.

Chromosomes of two diploid (2n = 2x = 16) subspecies of Medicago sativa ssp. caerulea and ssp. falcata and their hybrid were studied by C-banding. This study was undertaken to improve the C-banding technique for alfalfa chromosomes, develop a C-banded karyotype of the ssp. caerulea and ssp. falcata, and determine if the same C-banding technique could be used to identify parental chromosomes in hybrids. The chromosomes of ssp. falcata have only centromeric bands and thus individual chromosomes could not be identified. One accession of ssp. falcata displayed an interstitial band in the middle of the long arm on the satellite chromosome. However, chromosome-specific bands were observed in ssp. caerulea enabling the identification of each of the eight pairs of chromosomes and the development of a idiogram. All chromosomes had centromeric bands and a terminal band in the short arm except the satellite chromosome (chromosome 8). Interstitial bands were also observed in the short arms, with the exception of chromosome 7. Chromosomes 1, 2, 3, and 8 each had one prominent interstitial band in their long arm. The satellited chromosome is easy to identify because of the presence of the secondary constriction, two bands located on either side of the nucleolar organizer region, and a large terminal band on its long arm. The differences in banding patterns between these subspecies allowed the identification of parental chromosomes in hybrid cells.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1980

Karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode Heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. II. The tetraploid and an aneuploid hybrid.

In the plant-parasite nematode Heterodera glycines, 2 forms, in addition to the diploid (9 bivalents), have been isolated and analysed: a tetraploid (18 bivalents) and an aneuploid (14 bivalents, hybrid between the diploid and the tetraploid). Observations on the formation of their karyotypes indicates normal and non-homologous pairing. Eighteen normal synaptonemal complexes (SC) are present in pachytene nuclei of the tetraploid. Two of the SCs are enclosed in a large heterochromatin mass that is displaced to one side of the nucleus. Such a mass has not been observed in the diploid or the aneuploid. Another 2 normal SCs of the tetraploid have each a 'modified SC region' (MSC) within which the SC appears disorganized. The aneuploid has 14 SCs that are unattached at either end. Only 25% of the karyotype length is normal in the appearance of the SCs. The rest can be traced by the presence of disorganized SC material and condensed chromatin. Four MSCs are present in the hybrid nuclei. The possible role of the MSCs in the sex determination system is discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1995

Karyotypic analysis of three species of Phasianidae (Galliformes: Aves).

The karyology of the partridges Francolinus francolinus asiae (2n = 70) and F. pondicerianus interpositus (2n = 68) and the Japanese quail Coturnix coturnix japonica (2n = 78) was investigated. The frequency distribution of the diploid number of chromosomes was tabulated and the most frequent number was taken to be the diploid number. All species showed a bimodal karyotype and the variation in the number of chromosomes was attributed to the macrochromosomes, although twelve macrochromosomes were present in all the species. Female heterogamety revealed that ZZ male:ZW female sex chromosome mechanism was present. The structure and behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis are described and the evolution of karyotype and cytotaxonomic considerations discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Prognostic value of karyotypic analysis in children and adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia included in the PETHEMA ALL-93 trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cytogenetic analysis is one of the most reliable prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of cytogenetic analysis in children and adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) included in a prospective multicenter trial. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients (44 children and 86 adults) with HR-ALL included in the PETHEMA ALL-93 trial had an adequate cytogenetic study after review. Cytogenetic subgroups were established according to the cancer and acute leukemia group B criteria (unfavorable: 11q23, t(9;22), -7 and +8; normal; miscellaneous: the remaining chromosome abnormalities) and their main clinicobiological features were compared. Univariable and multivariable analyses for complete remission (CR) attainment, event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed. RESULTS: The mean SD age was 26 14 years. Two were infants (<1 year), 42 were children and 86 adults (19-50 years). The cytogenetic study was normal in 44 (34%) cases. The most frequent chromosomal rearrangement was t(9;22)(q34;q11) (34 cases, 26%, 30 adults), followed by 11q23 (12 cases, 9% -8 children-, including t(4;11)(q21;q23) in 8, 7 children). Patients with t(9;22) were older than the remaining cases, whereas those with 11q23 rearrangements were younger and had higher WBC counts. Multivariable analyses showed two associated factors in adults with a lower frequency of CR and a shorter EFS and OS: t(9;22) and slow response to therapy (assessed by a percentage of blast cells higher than 10% in bone marrow study on day 14). For children with very high-risk ALL, only slow response to therapy (assessed by the presence of blast cells in peripheral blood on day 8) was associated with a negative impact on CR, EFS and OS. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: In adult patients with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia included in the PETHEMA ALL-93 protocol, cytogenetic analysis at diagnosis is a useful independent prognostic marker. The poorest prognosis for patients with t(9;22) justifies the development of specific treatments for these patients. In this small subgroup of children with very high-risk ALL no cytogenetic characteristics was found to influence the results of therapy, slow response to therapy being the only prognostic factor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The origin of four squirrel monkey cell lines established by karyotype analysis.

The squirrel monkey is a neotropical primate genus which is widely used in biomedical research but includes individual species and subspecies that respond differently to experimental perturbations. GTG-banding patterns of chromosomes 15 and 16, which are distinct among different squirrel monkey species and subspecies, were used to determine the origin of three lung fibroblast cell lines from squirrel monkeys of unknown genetic background (DPSO 114/74, SqMkLu/68, and 7603830) and to confirm the origin of a lymphoblast cell line (GSML) recently established from Guyanese squirrel monkey. DPSO 114/74 cells are from Peruvian squirrel monkey, SqMkLu/68 cells are Bolivian squirrel monkey, and 7603830 cells are from a Peruvian/Bolivian hybrid. Chromosome analysis of GSML cells confirmed that they are from Guyanese squirrel monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Karyotypic analysis of two related cervical carcinoma cell lines that contain human papillomavirus type 18 DNA and express divergent differentiation.

The cell lines C-4I and C-4II were established in culture from a nonkeratinizing squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Both lines contain human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18 DNA (Brandt et al., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, 5:179, 1987) and both are hypodiploid with similar, but not identical, karyotypes. Each line expresses multiple characteristics of ectocervical epithelial differentiation, but the characteristics differ between the lines. In the present study, G banding of the lines showed that cells of both lines have two normal chromosomes 1-5, 8-10, 13, 16, and 17, one normal chromosome 12 and 14, and no normal chromosomes 15 and 18. The lines share three abnormal chromosomes, der(8)t(8q;12q), der(18)t(18q;?), and i(5p). There are specific differences between the lines. C-4I has two normal chromosomes 6, while C-4II has one; C-4II has two chromosomes 11 and der(18)t(18q;?), while C-4I lacks both chromosomes 11 and has one der(18)t(18q;?). Each line has unique markers that include del(11)(p11), del(22)(q12), and del(21)(q21) in C-4I and i(15q), der(X)t(Xq;9p), der(6)t(6p;14q), and del(4)(q21) in C-4II. The results show that these phenotypically distinct lines are derived from the same clone and that the 8q arm (the site of HPV 18 integration) is present in three copies in both lines. They also define several chromosome rearrangements that are compatible with the expression of specific differentiation markers.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Electrophoretic karyotype analysis of sequential Candida parapsilosis isolates from patients with persistent or pecurrent fungemia.

We assessed the genetic relatedness of sequential isolates of Candida parapsilosis during persistent or recurrent fungemia and the effect of central venous catheter (CVC) removal. Serial isolates of C. parapsilosis were obtained from 17 patients with persistent or recurrent fungemia over periods of up to 5 months. Forty-eight C. parapsilosis isolates from the blood of 17 patients were analyzed by electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), revealing 25 different karyotypes. The strains sequentially isolated from each of seven patients whose fungemia resolved following CVC removal had the same karyotype. Two patients with fungemia that cleared without CVC removal each had two sequential isolates with different karyotypes. In six (75%) of the eight patients whose fungemia was recurrent even after CVC removal, the karyotypes of the pre- and post-CVC removal isolates were different, implying the emergence of a new strain. Overall, the sequential strains from each patient had identical karyotypes in 53% (9 of 17) of the patients and two different karyotypes in 47% (8 of 17). This study shows that EK with PFGE is useful for investigating persistent or recurrent fungemia due to C. parapsilosis and that recurrent fungemia due to C. parapsilosis is more likely caused by reinfection with a second strain.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Spectral karyotype analysis of colon cancer cell lines of the tumor suppressor and mutator pathway.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is characterized by the size variation of microsatellites in tumor DNA as compared to matching normal DNA due to defects in the mismatch repair system. To examine the chromosomal differences in microsatellite-stable (MSS) and -unstable (MSI) tumors in detail, we analyzed MSS (Caco-2, Colo-205, SW948) and MSI (HCT-15, HCT-116, LoVo) cell lines by spectral karyotyping (SKY). METHODS: SKY is a sensitive method to detect chromosome aberrations by visualizing each chromosome in a different color. Metaphases were hybridized with a SKY probe mixture. Images were visualized with the SpectraCube system and analyzed with the SKYview imaging software. RESULTS: The average number of chromosomes was 49 in LoVo, 45 in HCT-116, 46 in HCT-15, 71 in Colo-205, 89 in Caco-2 and 66 in SW-948. Three aberrant chromosomes were detected in LoVo, three in HCT-116, two in HCT-15, seventeen in Colo-205, fourteen in Caco-2 and nine in SW948. CONCLUSION: The karyotypes of MSS colon cancer cells displayed complex numerical and structural aberrations. In contrast the chromosomes of MSI colon cancer cells were mostly unaltered but displayed a few isolated numerical and structural aberrations. We speculate that these isolated aberrations may be specifically involved in the pathogenesis of MSI tumors.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed2003

Karyotypic analysis in species of the genus Dasyprocta (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae) found in Brazilian Amazon.

A total of 30 animals of the genus Dasyprocta were cytogenetically studied. They belong to the following species: D. prymnolopha (N=20), D. leporina (N=6), D. fuliginosa (N=1) and Dasyprocta sp. (N=3) (Dasyproctidae, Hystricognathi). Cell suspensions were obtained by peripheral blood culture, besides bone marrow and spleen cells, from D. prymnolopha and D. leporina. The diploid number was 64/65 for all samples. The karyotypes showed similarity, and chromosomal polymorphism was not detected by Giemsa conventional staining and G banding. The constitutive heterochromatin distribution at the pericentromeric region of all the chromosomes was similar in all species. D. prymnolopha, D. leporina and Dasyprocta sp. presented variation in the heterochromatical block size at one of the homologues of the A18 pair. D. fuliginosa presented the heterochromatin uniformly distributed in all chromosomes. There was not variation in the NORs pattern in the species studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Phenotypic characterization, karyotype analysis and in vitro tamoxifen sensitivity of new ER-negative vulvar carcinoma cell lines, UM-SCV-1A and UM-SCV-1B.

Two cell lines (University of Michigan squamous carcinoma of the vulva UM-SCV-1A and UM-SCV-1B) were established from the primary tumor and a malignant pleural effusion of a 62-year-old woman. Both tumor specimens grew vigorously in vitro and could be passaged after only 14 and 10 days in culture, respectively. Both cell lines undergo 3 population doublings in 4 days, reaching saturation densities of 5 x 10(5) cells/cm2, and have been carried through more than 30 in vitro passages. In nude mice the cultured cells initially formed tumors but these regressed 2-3 weeks after inoculation. The regressing mouse tumors consisted of poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma surrounded by an inflammatory lymphoid infiltrate. The UM-SCV-1 cell lines express membrane antigens typically displayed by squamous-cell carcinomas. These include the HLA class-1 light chain beta 2-microglobulin, pemphigus, pemphigoid, and the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin defined by the UM-A9 monoclonal antibody (MAb). In contrast to the A431 vulvar carcinoma, these tumor lines do not have amplified expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. Although tissue from the primary tumor contained low levels of estrogen receptor activity, no receptor activity was detected in the cell lines. Nevertheless, both lines were sensitive to growth inhibition by tamoxifen. This effect was not reversible by estradiol, indicating an estrogen-receptor-independent mechanism. The tumors were both hypotetraploid, contained the same chromosome rearrangements and had stable karyotypes in vitro. Each contained inv(1)(p36.3q32.1), del(4)(q12), dic(4;11)(q12;p11.2), i(5p), der(6)t(3;6)(q25.1;p21.1), several rearrangements involving chromosomes 8 and 14, + i(13), i(18p), a dicentric t(11;19), and 2 or 3 unidentified markers. Since the karyotypes of both tumors were the same, no major karyotypic change was associated with metastatic spread. These paired primary and metastatic SCC lines from an unusually aggressive vulvar carcinoma provide an in vitro model for analysis of the biological basis of this tumor's behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Karyotype analysis of four Vicia species using in situ hybridization with repetitive sequences.

Mitotic chromosomes of four Vicia species (V. sativa, V. grandiflora, V. pannonica and V. narbonensis) were subjected to in situ hybridization with probes derived from conserved plant repetitive DNA sequences (18S-25S and 5S rDNA, telomeres) and genus-specific satellite repeats (VicTR-A and VicTR-B). Numbers and positions of hybridization signals provided cytogenetic landmarks suitable for unambiguous identification of all chromosomes, and establishment of the karyotypes. The VicTR-A and -B sequences, in particular, produced highly informative banding patterns that alone were sufficient for discrimination of all chromosomes. However, these patterns were not conserved among species and thus could not be employed for identification of homologous chromosomes. This fact, together with observed variations in positions and numbers of rDNA loci, suggests considerable divergence between karyotypes of the species studied.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1988

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease: a karyotype analysis.

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is triggered by Epstein-Barr virus. This virus is also associated with Burkitt lymphoma, a tumor that carries specific chromosome translocations. No such chromosome translocations have been observed in an analysis of XLP-derived cell lines. One XLP patient was found also to have Klinefelter syndrome, having inherited two copies of his maternal XLP-carrying X chromosome.

Cell Line↗