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PubMed1997

Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test: adult norms and moderator variables.

This study examined the performance of a sample of 821 healthy job applicants on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Subjects had previously passed basic academic skills tests and physical examinations and were deemed free of cognitive impairment and medical illness. They were also motivated to perform well on cognitive tests. Gender, ethnicity, and education were not significant moderator variables in our subjects. Age and IQ did significantly affect PASAT test results. Normative data are stratified by age and WAIS-R Full Scale IQ scores to be useful to those who administer the PASAT in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The value of questionnaires and spirometry in asthma surveillance programmes in the workplace.

Shipyard workers and job applicants (n = 1126) completed an asthma questionnaire, and underwent measurements of ventilatory lung function (FEV1, FEV1/FVC and PEFR) and airway responsiveness. Airway responsiveness (to inhaled methacholine) was expressed as the dose calculated to provoke a 20 per cent fall in FEV1, ie the PD20. Results were categorized into four levels: high (PD20 < 200 micrograms), medium (200-1000 micrograms), low (1001-6400 micrograms) and unquantifiable (> 6400 micrograms), which correspond with definite, possible, doubtful and no asthmatic activity. These categories agreed closely with diagnoses of asthma by general practitioners and the use of bronchodilator medication. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire and the measurements of ventilatory function for detecting asthmatic activity were then determined. The questionnaire symptoms (wheeze, chest tightness, undue coughing or abnormal breathlessness) had a low (28 per cent) sensitivity for detecting definite or possible asthmatic activity and a specificity of only 73 per cent. The sensitivity of the ventilatory function tests (any one abnormal) was also low at 21 per cent with a specificity of 92 per cent. When the FEV1 < 80 per cent predicted criterion was considered separately, its sensitivity was 11 per cent and its specificity was 98 per cent. These results illustrate that caution is needed when interpreting the results of questionnaires and measurements of ventilatory lung function in the diagnosis of asthma among working populations.

Asthma↗
PubMed1995

Joint CNS appointment: is it viable?

A CNS joint appointment that is supported by the departments of nursing and medicine is viable when goals of the nurse and the organizations are congruent and expectations are delineated. Many challenges and strategies are associated with a joint appointment. Although the challenges and strategies were similar for the first (C.N.) and second authors (L.A.), their experiences differed. Based on the experience of the authors, feasibility of a joint appointment and benefits, challenges, and strategies for enacting the role are presented.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMed1989

Eyeglasses and gender stereotypes.

Under the guise of forming impressions of a job applicant in a hiring interview, subjects rated a videotaped male or female stimulus person (SP) on several gender stereotypical and task relevant traits. In one condition, the SP's wore eyeglasses, and in the other condition they did not. Eyeglasses, especially when worn by the stimulus male, were associated with feminine stereotypes and positive task relevant attributes. The results were interpreted to suggest that men who wear eyeglasses may be the target of some negative social judgments but also redeeming task relevant attributes, whereas women who wear eyeglasses are more likely to be the target of only negative social judgments.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Americans with disabilities act: recent and pending u.s. Supreme court decisions and implications for spine professionals.

This article highlights recent and pending United States Supreme Court cases interpreting employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act and discusses their implications for spine professionals. The implications include how Spine readers approach evaluations of employees and job applicants with disabilities and workplace accommodations in light of the recent decisions. The cases pending before the Supreme Court involve orthopedic impairments and the "reasonableness" of certain workplace accommodations. Increasingly, spine professionals will be called on to assist in the analysis of these issues. This article will familiarize Spine readers with the legal interpretations under the Americans with Disabilities Act of "disability," "mitigating measures," "qualified individual," and "reasonable accommodations." It illustrates the ways in which spine professionals may be called on to help interpret and apply qualification and safety standards under the Americans with Disabilities Act to assist individuals, employers, attorneys, and other stakeholders in the employment of people with disabilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Social rehabilitation and return to work after cardiac transplantation--a multicenter survey.

As the medical results of heart transplantation steadily improve, the social rehabilitation of patients, in particular, their ability to return to some form of employment, is becoming increasingly important. Two-hundred fifty patients were therefore surveyed at 7 heart transplant centers (5 of which were Medicare certified) from different geographic regions in the U.S.A. Over all, 45% were employed, 36% were unemployed, 13% were medically disabled, and 6% were retired. Of those employed, 87% had returned to their previous employment, and only 13% had secured new employment. Of the unemployed, 16% had made job applications, and no fewer than 63% had no current plan to seek employment. Factors found to negatively influence a return to work included the following: (1) length of medical disability prior to transplantation; (2) a patient's self-perception of being physically unable to work; and (3) the potential loss of health insurance and/or disability income. At 2 centers, where there was a definite policy of not supporting a patient's claim for medical disability in the absence of an absolute indication, there were significantly increased numbers who (1) secured new employment and (2) planned to seek employment. More serious attention must be paid to aspects of employment if heart transplant recipients are to become fully productive members of the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Differences in pulmonary function tests among whites, blacks, and American Indians in a textile company.

Normal standards for pulmonary function in nonwhite populations are not presently available to occupational health workers. The present study examined differences in %FVC, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF 200-1200 and FEF 25-75% among whites, blacks, and American Indians. The sample consisted of 4209 job applicants to a textile company in southeastern United States. Multiple regression and analyses of covariance were employed to control differences in age, height, weight, and smoking status. Blacks were significantly lower in five of the six comparisons but higher in FEV1/FVC%. The pulmonary function measures of Indians fell generally between those of whites and blacks. Differences were observed between blacks and whites of both sexes regarding the effects of cigarette smoking. The need for race specific stardards was confirmed and the question of using smokers in the acquisition of normative data was raised.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

General occupational health history and examination.

This paper presents a method for developing occupational medical examinations using the preplacement examination (PPE) and the periodic monitoring examination (PME). The steps for developing an appropriate PPE include goal definition, analysis of job requirements and potential exposures, an occupational and medical history, and a targeted physical examination derived from the preceding steps. The PPE should result in the proper placement of the worker. It also serves as a baseline for comparison to future testing or health-related developments. The PME checks the effectiveness of more primary preventive measures such as plant engineering controls and personal protection. The contents and frequency of the PME depend on the pathophysiology and toxicology of the hazardous exposures, the interval exposure and medical history, and legal requirements. Individual and group results should be assessed periodically for trends suggesting work-related problems that would need further evaluation.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Workplace effects of the stigmatization of depression.

Employers have previously been shown to hold negative attitudes toward mental illness. The purpose of this survey of human resource officers in UK companies was to ascertain whether these attitudes prejudice employment opportunities for subjects with mental illness--specifically, depression--and, if so, some of the beliefs upon which these attitudes are based. When employers were given vignettes of job applicants identical except for diagnosis, a label of depression significantly reduced the chances of employment, compared with one of diabetes, despite both being seen as equally credible illnesses. This stigmatization is based upon perceptions of potential poor work performance, rather than expectations of future absenteeism, but is not concordant with previous research. It is suggested that greater dissemination of information may alleviate some of this stigma.

Attitude↗
PubMed1999

I see a change in your future.

Like it or not, peoples' careers are continually being affected by circumstances beyond their control. However, there are steps one can take to become more flexible and adaptable, and thus more employable, in a changing job market. Job security may be decreasing, but opportunities are increasing overall. Options are available in the face of change; it remains only to recognize them, prepare accordingly, and take advantage of them. Doing so means learning to recognize the signs of career stagnation and potential obsolescence, becoming aware of alternatives, and recognizing that security, if such exists, now resides in adaptability.

Adaptation, Psychological↗