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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Adhesion of carboxylate cements to hydroxyapatite. III. Adsorption of poly(alkenoic acids).

Investigations into the effects of relative molecular mass (RMM) and structure of poly(alkenoic acid)s on their adsorption on to hydroxyapatite (HAP) were carried out with a view to establishing factors that influence the adhesion of glass-poly(alkenoic acid) cements to tooth material. The effects of pH and fluoride addition were also studied. It was found that high adsorption levels were achieved under conditions of high chain entanglement, such as in a concentrated solution of a polyacid of high RMM. Theories of adsorption of carboxylic acids on to HAP are reviewed in the light of these studies and previous work at our laboratory.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1989

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. The ARIC investigators.

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) is a new prospective study to investigate the etiology of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care, and disease by race, sex, place, and time. In each of four US communities--Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Washington County, Maryland--4,000 adults aged 45-64 years will be examined twice, three years apart. ARIC has coordinating, ultrasound, pulmonary, and electrocardiographic centers and three central laboratories. Three cohorts represent the ethnic mix of their communities; the Jackson cohort, its black population. Examinations include ultrasound scanning of carotid and popliteal arteries; lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins assayed in the Lipid Laboratory; and coagulation, inhibition, and platelet and fibrinolytic activity assayed in the Hemostasis Laboratory. Surveillance for coronary heart disease will involve review of hospitalizations and deaths among community residents aged 35-74 years. ARIC aims to study atherosclerosis by direct observation of the disease and by use of modern biochemistry.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1983

Investigation of hypothalamic-pituitary disease.

It can be readily appreciated from the preceding discussion that many endocrine and non-endocrine tests are available for the evaluation of patients with suspected hypothalamic-pituitary disease. The endocrine evaluation of these subjects should be tailored according to the type and extent of pathology suspected (see Tables 2 and 3). For patients with pituitary adenomas and clinical features of hyperpituitarism, such as hyperprolactinaemia, Cushing's disease or acromegaly, the initial tests should be directed at the hormone whose excess is suspected. For example, a glucose suppression test for acromegaly or dexamethasone suppression test for Cushing's disease should be performed early in the evaluation. The possibility of deficiencies of the other pituitary hormones should then be addressed in patients with secretory tumours, but initially in those with apparent non-functioning adenomas. In patients with large macroadenomas pituitary hormone deficiencies are almost invariable with GH and FSH/LH being the most commonly affected, followed by TSH and ACTH in that order (Snyder et al, 1979a; Valenta et al, 1982). Basal thyroid function tests, serum oestradiol or testosterone, and basal gonodotrophins should be routinely obtained in patients with macroadenomas. Additionally, the integrity of the pituitary-adrenal axis should be determined and an overnight water deprivation test for assessment of neurohypophyseal function is also recommended. GH stimulation testing is valuable as a test of pituitary function in patients with suspected pituitary tumours since GH reserve is lost very early in the development of hypopituitarism. Evaluation of the pituitary-thyroid axis with TRH or the pituitary gonadal axis with LHRH generally provides limited additional information of diagnostic value in individual patients with macroadenomas. However, the 'paradoxical' responses to TRH and LHRH may be useful as a biological marker following therapy in patients with GH- or ACTH-secreting tumours. In patients with microadenomas, pituitary hormone deficiencies are uncommon (Valenta et al, 1982). Despite this observation, it may be beneficial to determine basal thyroid levels, gonadotrophin levels, serum testosterone or oestradiol levels, and the response to an overnight metyrapone test in such patients to provide a baseline for future care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2004

Drugs detected in suspected pediatric ingestions: a three-year review.

Comprehensive toxicology testing can be a valuable resource when pediatric patients are suspected of having ingested unknown chemicals. In a recent 36-month period (January 2000-December 2002), the Analytical Toxicology Laboratory at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, tested 190 urine samples referred from the hospital's Pediatric Emergency Department for STAT toxicology testing. All samples were tested in parallel using an immunoassay technique for drugs of abuse and a comprehensive technique using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). With immunoassay, sixteen percent of the samples were positive for a drug of abuse. In comparison, drugs were detected in 85% of the samples using comprehensive GC/MS analysis. A total of 86 different pharmaceuticals were identified by GC/MS. This review shows that comprehensive toxicology testing provides the clinician significantly more information regarding the exposure of the pediatric patient presenting with an unknown chemical ingestion.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1996

Comparison of the Jackson-Rees circuit, the pediatric circle, and the MERA F breathing system for pediatric anesthesia.

The purpose of this study was to compare the Jackson-Rees circuit with the pediatric circle and MERA F breathing system (MERA F system) for pediatric anesthesia from the viewpoint of work of breathing (WOB). Twenty-three children (2-10 yr old) were studied during spontaneous breathing under endotracheal anesthesia with 4 L/min nitrous oxide, 2 L/min oxygen, and 1% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane. WOB, inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance, dynamic compliance (CDYN), pressure time product (PTP), and arterial blood gasses were measured in the three circuits. The inspiratory WOB was estimated directly by measuring the esophageal pressure-volume loop using the Campbell technique. In a laboratory study, we measured the compliances of the Jackson-Rees circuit, the pediatric circle, the MERA F system, and the adult circuit. WOB differed among the three circuits (MERA F system > pediatric circle > Jackson-Rees circuit). Inspiratory and expiratory resistances, and arterial carbon dioxide tension in the Jackson-Rees circuit were significantly lower than those of both the pediatric circle and MERA F system. The CDYN and PTP in the MERA F system were significantly higher than those in both the Jackson-Rees circuit and the pediatric circle. The MERA F system had significantly higher compliance than the Jackson-Rees circuit and pediatric circle. It is concluded that the Jackson-Rees circuit is most efficient, the pediatric circle is intermediate, and the MERA F system is the least efficient from the viewpoint of WOB during spontaneous breathing for pediatric anesthesia.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1979

The subcellular fractionation of embryonic chick tendon and cartilage cells: a re-examination.

A re-examination of the subcellular fractions obtained from matrix-free chick tendon and cartilage cells has been made since the discovery that three out of four of the micrographs of chick tendon microsomal fractions published in an earlier paper from this laboratory were not authentic. The present studies demonstrate that by using the procedures previously reported it is possible to isolate microsomal and submicrosomal fractions from tendon and cartilage cells which exhibit typical morphology when examined by electron microscopy. These observations are consistent with our original biochemical characterization of subcellular fractions, which we know to be valid. Other publications from this laboratory in which these fractionation procedures have been applied to studies of collagen biosynthesis are in no way compromised, and indeed, most of our data have been confirmed by several other laboratories.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Fabrication of a new crown and provisional to an existing removable partial denture.

A method of fabricating a new crown to an existing removable partial denture is described. A press-form plastic shell made from the diagnostic cast provides the outer contours for the abutment tooth, while an acrylic resin coping is fabricated on a die to provide accurate internal adaptation. The acrylic resin coping is seated on the prepared abutment. Autopolymerizing acrylic resin is mixed and placed in the plastic shell that is then placed in the mouth over the coping, forming the acrylic resin crown pattern. The removable partial prosthesis is fitted over the crown pattern intraorally. The pattern is transferred back to the die, the margins are refined, and the casting is completed and finished, avoiding reduction of the established contours. The same plastic shell is used with tooth-shaded acrylic resin to construct a provisional crown directly in the mouth. This technique allows the patient to wear the removable partial denture while the laboratory procedures are completed.

Crowns↗
PubMed1996

Pediatric tracheobronchial foreign bodies: historical review from the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

We investigated changing trends in pediatric tracheobronchial foreign body removal and resident experience from 1939 to 1991. We retrieved the records of 234 cases of tracheobronchial foreign body removal at Johns Hopkins. The mean number of cases per year was 5.9. The most common foreign bodies removed were peanuts, accounting for 38.9%. The average yearly incidence of pediatric tracheobronchial foreign bodies remained relatively constant during the period studied. Our data suggested little change in outcome or complications with the advent of optical telescopes in the mid-1970s, despite their great value in improved visualization. Resident experience and training were evaluated by the number of cases attended by each resident during his or her training. The number varied from 1 to 8 cases, not including experience acquired at our sister institutions. Although complete data could not be obtained in many of the older medical records, our review suggests that despite the advantage offered by the optical forceps technology, proper training and experience in traditional rigid endoscopic techniques is still crucial to optimize outcome and minimize the risk of complications in pediatric tracheobronchial foreign body removal. Chevalier Jackson's recommendation that residency training include an animal laboratory course in foreign body removal still applies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

A decision support system for microbiology quality control.

Manual review of antibiotic sensitivity testing results is an essential component of a microbiology laboratory's quality control process. Such review is tedious and prone to human error, however. An expert system is described that remembers which susceptibility patterns are considered typical or atypical by expert reviewers, then uses these to prescreen future isolates. It uses a similarity function to allow matching against this library when two patterns are close, but not identical. Use of this system allows more efficient and reliable review of the laboratory's antibiotic sensitivity testing results.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed1991

Validation of the Derogatis Stress Profile using laboratory and real world data.

The Derogatis Stress Profile (DSP) is unique among the numerous measures of 'stress' in that it incorporates the interactional model of Lazarus and Folkman in a multidimensional structure. Derogatis has studied the psychometric properties of the DSP but its validity has not been demonstrated in the 'real world' nor has it been related to psychophysiological data. The present investigation was aimed at testing the validity of the DSP in these two areas. Forty-three men between the ages of 18 and 30 years completed the DSP, the Daily Hassles Scale (DHS), the Life Experiences Survey (LES), the Profile of Mood States (bipolar form), and the Jackson Personality Inventory (JPI). Participants were exposed to stressors in a laboratory setting as well as in the field while their heart rate was being monitored. Results supported the validity of the DSP, in part. The correlation between the DSP and JPI anxiety scores was significant as was the correlation between the DSP and the daily depression scores. The correlation between the Total Stress Score (TSS) of the DSP and DHS was significant as were the correlations between the TSS and LES scores. Moreover, the DSP scores were related to heart rate reactivity both in the laboratory and in the field.

Adult↗