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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Management training of physician executives, their leadership style, and care management performance: an empirical study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between management training of physician executives and their leadership styles, as well as effectiveness in achieving disease management goals. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional national survey. METHODS: Executive directors of community health centers (269 respondents; response rate = 40.9%) were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the medical director's leadership, and for quantitative information on the center's achievement of clinical (mostly disease management) goals. The dependent variables were the medical director's scores (as perceived by the executive director) on transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership, effectiveness, satisfaction with the leader, and subordinate extra effort, using an adapted Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (43 items; 5-point Likert scale). The independent variable was the medical director's management training status. RESULTS: Compared with medical directors with < 30 days of inservice training, medical directors with an MHA, MPH, or MBA, or > or =30 days of in-service training, had 0.32, 0.35, 0.30, 0.36, and 0.37 higher scores on transformational leadership, transactional leadership, rated effectiveness, satisfaction, and subordinate extra effort, respectively, and 0.31 lower score on laissez-faire leadership (all P < .001). Medical directors without management degrees but with > or =30 days of in-service training had 0.34, 0.36, 0.50, and 0.47 higher scores on transformational leadership, transactional leadership, rated effectiveness, and satisfaction with the leader (all P < .02). Our data previously had demonstrated that medical directors' transformational leadership significantly influences achievement of disease management goals. CONCLUSION: Training may enable physician executives to develop leadership styles that are effective in influencing clinical providers' adoption of disease management guidelines under managed care.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hospital dietetics and food service in developing countries: III. Bangladesh.

A survey of 11 hospitals in Bangladesh revealed that most heads of hospital food service had little or no training in nutrition and dietetics, hospital diets were usually inadequate, therapeutic diets were seldom used, and kitchen sanitation was poor. However, in three hospitals in which the heads of food service had some education in nutrition, conditions were markedly better. Even though the results of this survey suggest that major improvements are needed in hospital food service and dietetics in Bangladesh, extensive training programs are probably unrealistic because of the limited economic base of the country. Short-term inservice training programs could result in marked improvement in the quality of food service, sanitation, and the use of therapeutic diets.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1980

Dental faculty training in clinical instruction.

Most dental faculty have had no formal training in education prior to their clinic instructor role and many report a need for training in educational methods and tutorial skills. Organized methods for establishing student performance criteria and improving instructional skills presented in a well-designed inservice training program utilizing prepared training materials, workshop learning, and practice sessions can increase teacher effectiveness in clinic instruction.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1983

Evaluating the effectiveness of a communication board training program.

This study introduces a technique for systemically observing the consequences of various aspects of treatment on the communicative effectiveness of nonspeaking persons using communication boards in natural settings. The case study of Kay, a 24-year-old nonspeaking woman residing in a nursing home, is presented. Three major factors were found to operate cumulatively in increasing Kay's overall communicative effectiveness: 1) revising the design of her original communication board; 2) training her to functionally use her new board to meet her daily communicative needs; and then 3) introducing interaction strategies to her listeners through an inservice training program. Highlights of Kay's and her staff's programs are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Enhancing program implementation and maintenance through a multiphase approach to peer-based staff development.

School-based health education programs often are limited by failures in implementation and maintenance. While inservice training has proven beneficial, teacher training research indicates that the more complex the demands on teachers using innovative psychosocially based health education curricula, the greater the necessity for post-inservice follow-up staff development. Evidence is presented that 1) teachers respond to innovations in developmental stages, 2) a multiphase approach to staff development is necessary to assist teachers during each stage, 3) post-inservice staff development requires opportunities for teacher collaboration, 4) approaches to staff development should fit the stage of teacher development, and 5) the organizational context of staff development is critical. Peer-based approaches to post-inservice staff development are presented, with a review of strengths and limitations of each approach.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Psychopharmacological intervention. II: Teacher perceptions of psychotropic medication for students with learning disabilities.

The perceptions, knowledge, and opinions of 104 teachers of students with learning disabilities regarding medication used with their students were investigated. The students' doctors were perceived as the professionals primarily responsible for making the decision to have the student either placed on or taken off medication. The teachers indicated that global impressions and direct behavioral observations were used to assess the effects of medication but that they would prefer to use behavioral observations and rating scales. Hyperactivity and delusions/hallucinations were perceived as the problems most likely to lead to medication. Less than 15% of the teachers indicated that their professional preservice training had provided them with sufficient information on the use of medication for children with behavior problems, and less than 20% had a similar opinion regarding their inservice training on the same topic.

Attitude↗
PubMed1978

Increasing the rate of presentation and use of signals in elementary classroom teachers.

Two issues relevant to competency-based teacher training were investigated-the specification of acceptable implementation levels for validated techniques and the necessity and feasibility of providing training on those techniques. First, a descriptive study was conducted to collect data on two direct-instruction teaching techniques-rate of presentation and signalling-that have been demonstrated to be functionally related to child performance in earlier studies. Data collected on 13 teachers, who received intensive preservice and inservice training, were then used as a standard for comparison in a multiple-baseline design across three untrained teachers to evaluate the effects of training on the two techniques. The experimental study served to determine whether training on the two techniques was necessary; and, if training was necessary, whether a training package, including supervised practice, unsupervised practice, and self-critique, would result in adequate implementation levels for the two techniques. Low implementation levels during baseline for three untrained teachers indicated that training was necessary. With training, all teachers increased their levels of appropriately signalling pupil responses and accelerated their rates of presentation well above the levels of the comparison standard. Observations made one week and again four weeks after training ended showed that performance levels achieved during training were maintained.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Inclusion of a program of instruction in care of the disabled in a dental school curriculum.

Lack of practitioner training is considered a major reason for dental neglect of disabled persons. The feasibility of instruction in the care of the disabled for dental and dental hygiene students at the undergraduate level was demonstrated in a prototype program encompassing a continuum of didactic courses, clinical experiences in extramural and intramural settings, inservice training and continuing education, interdisciplinary activities, and evaluative research. Successful implementation of such a program required developing and using appropriate support systems, such as instructional materials, social services, public relations, and monitoring of care delivery. A format combining specific courses with inclusion of disability subject matter in existing courses appeared to be advantageous in intergrating the program into the dental curriculum. Evaluation data indicated the value of undergraduate training in improving access to dental care for the disabled patient.

Attitude↗
PubMed1987

Training child psychiatrists in rural public mental health.

Lack of appropriate training in both public mental health service and rural mental health service is a major factor in the critical shortage of child psychiatrists in rural settings. The authors describe a residency training program in rural public mental health designed to help alleviate that shortage. The program familiarizes fourth-year residents in child psychiatry with the clinical, political, and social aspects of rural public mental health services through didactic and supervisory sessions as well as an eight-month practicum experience involving provision of inservice training and administrative and case-related consultation to staff of mental health agencies. An assessment of the program indicated that participants felt it was beneficial, but the program was only partly successful in increasing the number of child psychiatrists entering practice in rural areas. The authors urge that residency programs in child psychiatry give priority to training child psychiatrists for work in rural settings.

Child Psychiatry↗
PubMed1975

A community-oriented center for severely and profoundly retarded children.

A center established three years ago to provide local residential services for severely and profoundly retarded children has developed programs that give the residents a high level of interaction with direct-care staff members and with the community. At the Elisabeth Ludeman Center, children live in groups of eight or fewer in four-bedroom homes served by neighborhood centers. In various community-oriented programs, high school students are trained for jobs as half-time technicians. Ludeman residents are placed half days in a community development center, part-time services are provided at Ludeman for clients of other agencies, and community members come to the center as volunteer instructors or as users of Ludeman facilities. A key part of the center's program is an audiovisual service used extensively for inservice training and staff communication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Retention of part-time faculty.

Part-time faculty members are a large and important part of teaching programs at dental schools across the nation. Retaining part-time faculty members is important in order to provide consistency of instruction and because training new faculty requires time and effort that otherwise would go into building a stronger teaching program. This paper discusses methods used at the University of Washington School of Dentistry department of restorative dentistry to keep the part-time faculty actively engaged in dental education year after year. These methods include involving the faculty members in the entire teaching program, providing them with inservice training, and doing some personal things for them. The methods have proved successful as shown by the retention rate in the last three years.

Education, Dental↗
PubMed1986

Holte revisited--a review of the quality of prosthetic treatment.

The standards recommended at the United Nations Inter regional Seminar on Standards for the Training of Prosthetists in Holte, Denmark, in 1968 were universally accepted as being ideal, practical and economical. As these standards and the services to patients are not always observed, world wide, a study was made to investigate the situation in Australia. Australia is a federation with responsibility for health and education vested in six States. The Federal Government is the principal taxing authority with the States dependent on it for financing services. The isolation of Australia led the Government during 1960 to send a rehabilitation medical officer to survey the system in Europe and North America. The best features of overseas practice became the basis for updating an Australian Service and establishing the Central Development Unit. The Artificial Limb Service is based on clinical care, formal inservice training of limb makers and fitters, patient training by therapists and the purchase of components from mass producers. The Service is answerable to lay and medical staff in the State Branches and to the Central Office of the Department, located in Canberra. The division of responsibility between the State and Federal Governments seems to lead to competition for control of services rather than to an integrated plan for Prosthetic-Orthotic training with services. Industrial conflict due to a perceived threat of the supplanting of apprentices by formally trained prosthetists-orthotists has also adversely affected development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Australia↗
PubMed1995

Education strategy for the implementation of computerized nursing documentation.

Educators at The Toronto Hospital took an innovative approach to providing education and support to nursing staff prior to, during, and after the implementation of computerized nursing documentation. The education strategy included a combination of formal classroom training, inservices on the unit, a self-learning package and an electronic scavenger hunt. Resources such as Clinical Teachers, Clinical Nurse Specialists and Information Systems Analysts and Educators who provided support during the implementation phase received additional education to prepare for their role on the nursing units. Nurses were provided intensive twenty-four hour support for a period of four weeks, and a documentation checklist helped monitor the progress of individual nurses during the implementation. This strategy was designed to maximize consistent support and to minimize cost.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1997

Results of a national survey on ethics education in general surgery residency programs.

BACKGROUND: Medical ethics is a required part of the curriculum in all medical schools in the United States, and an essential component of the educational guidelines for most postgraduate residency programs. Currently, general surgery does not specify ethics education in its essential curriculum for surgical training. This study was designed to determine the existing educational activities in ethics for residents in general surgery, as well as to characterize the attitudes of surgical educators about the role of ethics teaching in residency training. METHODS: An 80-item questionnaire was mailed to the program directors of all accredited general surgery residencies in the United States. They were requested to provide information about their teaching activities in ethics, their resources for ethics instruction, and their attitudes about the importance of education in clinical ethics for surgical residents. RESULTS: The survey had a 71% response rate with a representative distribution of programs based on size, geographic location, and community versus university affiliation. Fifty-six programs (28%) offered no formal ethics education, 94 (48%) held one teaching event in ethics, and 48 (24%) conducted two or more activities. The format for instruction in ethics included grand rounds (50%), resident conferences (41%), and ethics rounds (9%). Residencies with a faculty surgeon having expertise or special interest in ethics had a greater number of ethics teaching activities (P <0.05), whereas programs with a hospital ethicist were more likely to provide ethics rounds (P <0.01). A standardized curriculum in ethics was favored by 85% of respondents with critical content in end-of-life decisions, managing ethical conflict, and informed consent. The majority of program directors were opposed to (50%) or undecided (20%) about inclusion of ethics questions on the American Board of Surgery Inservice Training Examination (ABSITE) and Qualifying Examination in General Surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of program directors of general surgery residencies support the teaching of clinical ethics and favor a standardized curriculum. However, most residencies in general surgery do not include ethics instruction as part of their on-going, regular educational schedule.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Process and outcome evaluation of preventive care for infants in two types of practices.

Process and outcome of preventive and promotive infant care have been evaluated in a maternal and child health (MCH) service and compared with that of a comprehensive care family practice (FP), both serving a low middle class population in West Jerusalem. Both services are provided by the Community Health Center of the Department of Social Medicine. Community oriented primary care is integrated into the practices, including ongoing surveillance of the communities' health status. Preventive and promotive programs have been developed, implemented and evaluated. The process evaluation indicated a similar use of the preventive service in the MCH and FP services. Some of the routines were carried out to a lesser extent in the FP than in the MCH framework, such as growth monitoring, hearing tests and advice on iron supplementation. The small difference in compliance with routines did not affect a child's growth between birth and one year of age, but the anemia rate in the FP practice was higher than in the MCH practice. The high level of care and relatively small differences in process and outcome between the two types of services have been achieved by ongoing inservice training, a high level of personnel, similar protocols and supervision in both practices.

Anemia↗
PubMed1983

Measuring patient attitudes in a comprehensive health care setting.

Systematic patient feedback is important for assessing the impact of existing hospital policy on patients and for providing a base for continuing inservice training of personnel. Health professionals need to have knowledge of patient attitudes about quality of care, interpersonal relations, treatment methods, health status and rights, and the health facility process. A unique combination of the Rosenberg-Fishbein, AID, and psychographic models has considerable promise for objective measurement of patient attitudes over a wide range of health care activities. The model is discussed in terms of a recent patient attitude survey conducted at a major consolidated health care agency in an SMSA of the southeast which provides common management policy and consolidated financial services for two separate hospital facilities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Venipuncture: an adjunct to home care services for older adults.

Attention to policy and procedure development specific to home care, and strong communication and collaboration with laboratory personnel at multiple sites have been essential in supporting venipuncture services within a home care agency. Orientation, inservice training, skills verification, updated supplies, and the concise information kept in each nurse's field handbook have supported comprehensive quality services to an older, frail, homebound population. In addition, our quality evaluations from physicians, patients, caregivers, and laboratories indicate a greater than satisfactory level of performance and quality care for this skilled service.

Aged↗