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PubMed1999

[Evidence law in health care, development of a health care information system and use of automatic processing of information].

The aim of work is to analyse the state of health-statistic and information system within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyse the Program on health statistic research important for the entire country, analyse the Law on records in the field of health and present how deficient it is, as well as to propose the set of other data, based on our own research, that could fill noticed defects in the practice, provide the use of computer technology in data tracking from the Law on issued records in the field of health within the activity as an example for others--health statistic sheet, form 3-21-61/A, and to present further possibilities and recommendations for development of health information system. The used method of work is descriptive analysis of methodological approach to the health statistic information system of Bosnia and Herzegovina (taken from the former Yugoslavia). We have also applied the data from the statistic records (retrospective analysis) of the registered cases from the neurological ward of the Neurological Clinic Tuzla for December 1997. In such a way we formed the data base and presented the statistic data processing ideological project including modern computer technologies.

Bosnia and Herzegovina↗
PubMed1996

Medication use review process and information systems utilized for oncology chemotherapy quality improvement.

Fatal chemotherapy overdoses at prestigious institutions have prompted extensive reviews of policies and procedures in medical centers throughout the country. Improving medication use systems for chemotherapy requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. A process to develop a medical center policy on chemotherapy based on the medication use model adopted by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations will be discussed. This will include the prescribing, preparing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring process as well as quality improvement systems. Pharmacy information systems enhancements that safeguard patients are also discussed including maximum dose checks and specific dosing algorithms for bone marrow transplant patients.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Graduate education in health decision support systems (HDSSs): reconfiguring the health information system (HIS) basket or putting HDSS Humpty Dumpty together again?

Building on previous discussions in graduate health information system (HIS) education, this article focuses on the design of a course in health decision support systems (HDSSs). The goal here is not simply to add to existing prospectives of HIS theories and methodologies, but to prepare these students for changing trends in HIS technologies and applications and for new challenges in HIS administration and impacts arising from these emerging, more advanced, and complex technologies. Specifically, advancing HDSS technology: (1) promises to close the gap between theory and practice, (2) creates a new perspective for the application of information technologies in health care organizations, and (3) enhances innovations in the management and implementation of health information technologies. This paper highlights the need for graduate education in HDSS domain knowledge and how such knowledge can be taught in preparing students for managing change in the future health care environment.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1993

The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center Library management information system.

A management information system (MIS) provides a means for collecting, reporting, and analyzing data from all segments of an organization. Such systems are common in business but rare in libraries. The Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library developed an MIS that operates on a system of networked IBM PCs and Paradox, a commercial database software package. The data collected in the system include monthly reports, client profile information, and data collected at the time of service requests. The MIS assists with enforcement of library policies, ensures that correct information is recorded, and provides reports for library managers. It also can be used to help answer a variety of ad hoc questions. Future plans call for the development of an MIS that could be adapted to other libraries' needs, and a decision-support interface that would facilitate access to the data contained in the MIS databases.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1995

Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems.

OBJECTIVES: A geographic information system was used to identify and locate residential environmental risk factors for Lyme disease. METHODS: Data were obtained for 53 environmental variables at the residences of Lyme disease case patients in Baltimore County from 1989 through 1990 and compared with data for randomly selected addresses. A risk model was generated combining the geographic information system with logistic regression analysis. The model was validated by comparing the distribution of cases in 1991 with another group of randomly selected addresses. RESULTS: In crude analyses, 11 environmental variables were associated with Lyme disease. In adjusted analyses, residence in forested areas (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 11.8), on specific soils (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0, 4.4), and in two regions of the county (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6, 7.4) (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 7.7) was associated with elevated risk of getting Lyme disease. Residence in highly developed regions was protective (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1, 1.0). The risk of Lyme disease in 1991 increased with risk categories defined from the 1989 through 1990 data. CONCLUSIONS: Combining a geographic information system with epidemiologic methods can be used to rapidly identify risk factors of zoonotic disease over large areas.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1999

Information systems integration in radiology.

Advances in information systems and technology in conjunction with outside forces requiring improved reporting are driving sweeping changes in the practice of radiology. In most academic radiology departments, there can be at least five separate information systems in daily use, a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS), a hospital information system (HIS), a radiology information system (RIS), a voice-recognition dictation system, and an electronic teaching/research file system. A PACS will have incomplete, incorrect, and inconsistent data if manual data entry is used. Correct routing of studies for diagnostic reporting and clinical review requires accurate information about the study type and the referring physician or service, often not easily entered manually. An HIS is a hospital-wide information system used to access patient information, reports from various services, and billing information. The RIS is typically a system specifically designed to place radiology orders, to receive interpretations, and to prepare bills for patients. Voice-recognition systems automatically transcribe the radiologist's dictation, eliminating transcription delays. Another system that is needed in a teaching hospital holds images and data for research and education. Integration of diverse systems must be performed to provide the functionality required by an electronic radiology department and the services it supports. Health Level 7 (HL7) and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) have enabled sharing of data among systems and can be used as the building blocks for truly integrated systems, but the user community and manufacturers need to specify the types of functionality needed to build clinically useful systems. Although technology development has produced the tools for interoperability for clinical and research/educational use, more work needs to be done to define the types of interaction that needs to be performed to realize the potential of these systems.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1986

Changing industry demands new approach to information systems planning.

Today's information systems plan should support the strategic plan and capture the data necessary to make crucial management decisions. Patient information must be gathered, massaged, and reported on in an accurate and timely manner. Described here is the "top down" approach to information systems planning and why the old approach of wish lists is no longer feasible.

Hospital Administration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

NCTR computer systems designed for toxicologic experimentation. IV. Experiment information system.

The Experiment Information System (EIS) is a computerized data collection, maintenance, and reporting system for specified information values collected during the lifespan of animals assigned to toxicologic investigations at NCTR. The system records and/or controls experimental variables, which might ultimately affect the results, through the operation and integration of the Diet Preparation Subsystem (DPS), the Environmental Monitoring Subsystem (EMS), the Microbiology Subsystem (MBS), and the Chemistry Data Subsystem (CDS). The fifth component of the EIS, the Experimental Data Collection Subsystem (EDCS), is responsible for handling all data generated by, or attributed to, the animals from assignment until death or removal. Through integration of these five subsystems, the history of an animal while on study is recorded and stored for later recall. In addition, "routine" and "special" reports are made available through the system software which enables stringent control of the experiment by the Principal Investigator, Animal Husbandry, and NCTR Management.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The concept of information systems].

On the example of existing information systems of communicable diseases the authors analyze the possibilities of and draw attention to the obstacles of their wider use. The following information systems are involved: ARO (acute respiratory diseases), APO (acute diarrhoeal diseases), ISBT (information system of bacillary tuberculosis), ISPO (information system of communicable diseases), ISID (information system of child immunization). In the general evaluation the authors draw attention to the demand to do away with the scattered character of the system and the necessity of delimitation of the responsibility for the establishment and operation of the information systems. The authors indicate the future desirable development.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Analysis of relationship between Anopheles subpictus larval densities and environmental parameters using Remote Sensing (RS), a Global Positioning System (GPS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS).

Remote Sensing (RS), a Global Positioning System (GPS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to analyze relationship between Anopheles subpictus larval densities and environmental parameters in the Sekotong district on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Distance from the coast to larval habitats, season and surface water were considered as environmental parameters for determining An. subpictus larval densities. Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS) Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (VNIR) satellite imagery for the area acquired by National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) were used to detect water, which could be used to characterize larval habitats. Data on larval sampling sites obtained from a GPS were entered into a GIS for mapping larval habitats to measure distance between the coast and the larval habitats. A GIS was used for overlaying of data coverages (i.e., water distribution from RS data and larval habitats coupled with data on larval densities) to identify factors that may explain the spatial distribution patterns of larval densities. An. subpictus larval densities were significantly associated with season and distance from the coast to larval habitats. The rainy season and the distance from the coast to larval habitats were critical environmental determinants for presence of An. subpictus larvae in the study. In this paper, we investigated relationship between An. subpictus larval densities and the environmental parameters using RS/GPS/GIS to determine if these tools could be used to predict larval densities.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

How do integrated delivery systems adopt and implement clinical information systems?

We examined how five integrated delivery systems make decisions about and implement clinical information systems. Using case study methods, we identified general themes and explored how organizational context factors and information technology characteristics affect adoption and implementation processes.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1989

[Information systems to support cancer treatment].

Information systems for cancer clinical trials and data base systems consisting of the latest information on cancer treatments are introduced as examples of information systems which support clinicians engaged in cancer treatment and research. These systems have not been developed in Japan and interdisciplinary collaborative work should be undertaken to establish such information systems for the more effective use of relevant information.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Components of occupational health information systems.

Occupational health information systems continue to evolve and mature. Consistent throughout this evolution is the linkage of four data bases: job history, work site exposure, environmental agents, and health and safety. A review of the literature cites common elements within these data bases and characteristics of successful systems. Among the factors of successful systems is the role of key staff members. The medical record practitioner can be a significant contributor in the design of such systems. The profession should explore further the opportunities that exist in the occupational health setting.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMed1983

Information systems approach to integrated responses in the respiratory control system.

The appropriateness of integrated information systems to the description of integrated biological systems is discussed. An integrated information system in the physiology of the regulation of respiration is argued to be a structural mathematical model of the system and the relational data base, which it can compute. In contrast to the customary method of applying nonspecific statistical or control system formulations to data, the model-data base combination attempts to produce insight by reproducing from a single formulation many sets of experimentally validated data. The model then may predict results for experiments not yet done. An information system (thus defined) has both explanatory power and heuristic value.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1994

Approaching safe and secure health information systems in Europe.

Information systems in health care are being utilised in more and more demanding and more clinical situations where security and safety issues become more significant. These issues are explored within the context of the UK National Health Service and the corresponding activities within the European Union.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2005

Design and development of a monitoring system to assess the quality of hospital information systems: concept and structure.

Hospital information systems (HIS) are a substantial quality and cost factor in health care. Systematic monitoring of HIS quality is an important task for information management; however, this task is often seen to be insufficiently supported by available methods and tools. The aim of this research project is to develop a comprehensive monitoring system to assess the quality of hospital information systems, taking into account both computer-based and paper-based information processing.The structure of the developed monitoring system consists of a matrix, crossing HIS quality criteria on one axis (e.g., accessibility of information, or correctness and completeness of information) with a list of process steps within patient care on the other axis (e.g., patient admission, order entry, or clinical documentation). Relevant fields in this matrix, being defined by one quality criterion and one process step, contain detailed questions, that access the HIS quality with regard to the given criterion in a given process step.Based on the matrix, a questionnaire with around 140 questions has been developed, consisting of specific questions for physicians, nurses and other professional groups. The ongoing international evaluation will verify completeness, reliability, validity, and feasibility of this HIS quality monitoring system. First evaluation steps point to a high acceptance of this approach among IT staff and clinical staff.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of a patient-centred and physician-oriented healthcare information system.

Integration of information has enabled expeditious operation in air transfer, banking, shopping, and stock brokerage, but not in healthcare. Existing health information systems (HIS) are concerned too much with departmental performance and charge billing, and neglect the end users--the patients and the physicians. The resultant HIS then has divergent operation to antagonize the physicians, and has fragmented data to the disadvantage of patients. Recognizing the problems and the trend of HIS, this study proposed and implemented a patient-centred and physician-oriented HIS in a Urology clinic. The proposed HIS had patient care as its core, and accurately coded the patient's diagnoses and therapy information. It also offered a friendly environment and complete function for the physician to administrate medical records and to provide healthcare services. The HIS had client/server structure and an open system to protect the hardware investment and the software implementation. It will be the key to success in complete hospital environments.

Hospital Information Systems↗