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PubMed1996

Interdisciplinary multiinstitutional alliances in support of educational programs for health sciences librarians.

This project responds to the need to identify the knowledge, skills, and expertise required by health sciences librarians in the future and to devise mechanisms for providing this requisite training. The approach involves interdisciplinary multiinstitutional alliances with collaborators drawn from two graduate schools of library and information science (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Indiana University) and two medical schools (University of Illinois at Chicago and Washington University). The project encompasses six specific aims: (1) investigate the evolving role of the health sciences librarian; (2) analyze existing programs of study in library and information science at all levels at Illinois and Indiana; (3) develop opportunities for practicums, internships, and residencies; (4) explore the possibilities of computing and communication technologies to enhance instruction; (5) identify mechanisms to encourage faculty and graduate students to participate in medical informatics research projects; and (6) create recruitment strategies to achieve better representation of currently underrepresented groups. The project can serve as a model for other institutions interested in regional collaboration to enhance graduate education for health sciences librarianship.

Cooperative Behavior↗
PubMed2004

[The Library of Medicine of Córdoba, witness and protagonist of knowledge from the end of the 19th Century to the beginning of 21st Century].

In the nineteenth century, was founded the Medicine's Library of the National University Faculty of Medicine, center of knowledge, new ideas and teaching. The history library sector hold the valuable inheritance that represent the collection of Teachers Doctors, Pablo Mirizzi, Temístocles Castellano, Pedro Ara, José F. Verna, Juan Martín Allende located with the books and thesis of the XIX century and beginning of XX century. In 1986 it integrates the National Health Science Information Network and also, the Latino American and the Caribbean Health Science Information Network. The health libraries are in front of a new paradigm. The technologies of information and communication require new methods for administration of the information's resources and services, to answer the society information needs in the knowledge age. The traditional and virtual library is one unit that complement sources in different supports, electronic publications and interactive networks. It is the nexus between the scientific inheritance and the society, and it's mission is: Give local and virtual information's services and management the information's resources, basis of the knowledge society, support of teaching, investigation and extension of the Medical Sciences Faculty of the Córdoba National University.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The potential contribution of social science to information technology implementation in healthcare.

Information technology systems in hospitals and other healthcare settings have sometimes proved difficult to implement successfully. Some of the problems encountered in the implementation of information technology systems in healthcare can be explained by the use of techniques and theoretical approaches derived from the social sciences, notably sociology and anthropology. Research from a variety of countries and healthcare systems confirms the explicative value of these techniques and approaches. These techniques can also be used to inform better the process of design and implementation of computer systems. Although they have been successfully applied in several industries and spread across several countries, these techniques have not yet been widely used in healthcare. This article suggests how these approaches can be fruitfully applied to the design and implementation of IT systems in healthcare and how this might be achieved.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1997

Sources of animal science research information: usefulness and reliability.

Fifty-two animal scientists (8 private consultants, 22 feed industry representatives, 22 university personnel) were surveyed regarding frequency of use and reliability of information from 27 different publications and information sources. Among the information sources, these scientists (6 dairy specialists, 25 beef cattle specialists, 17 swine specialists, 4 dealing with multiple species) most frequently scanned Feedstuffs, the Journal of Animal Science, National Research Council (NRC) species bulletins, abstracts from regional and national meetings of either ASAS or ADSA, annual reports from experiment stations, and proceedings from state nutrition conferences. Differences among species specialties were detected: dairy specialists read the Journal of Dairy Science, abstracts from ADSA meetings, Dairy Herd Management, Hoard's Dairyman quite extensively; beef specialists read Beef and National Cattleman frequently; and swine specialists used the Pfizer Conference, National Hog Farmer, and Pork 95. Frequency of use rankings of publications were surprisingly similar for feed industry and university specialists; however, private consultants tended to use certain publications (Professional Animal Scientist, Feed Management, Beef Today) to a greater degree. For reliability, Journal of Animal Science, Journal of Dairy Science, NRC bulletins, the Professional Animal Scientist, Pfizer Report, and reports from ASAS and ADSA meetings received the highest rankings, and university workers ranked reliability of NRC publications and Animal Feed Science and Technology higher than feed industry personnel. Regarding timeliness of information, Feedstuffs, National Hog Farmer, Pork 95, and reports from state nutrition conferences ranked best, and NRC bulletins, Journal of Animal Science, and Journal of Dairy Science ranked lowest. Applicability of information was correlated with frequency of use (r = .38**) and presumed reliability (r = .59**). Asked whether some formal appraisal of articles appearing in the popular press by a panel of specialists would be desirable, 88% of the scientists, especially private consultants and university personnel, favored or were neutral toward pre- or postpublication appraisal. Mechanisms to institute such an appraisal system are outlined and ethical responsibilities of researchers, reviewers, administrators, and societies related to research information are discussed.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1998

Public health informatics: a CDC course for public health program managers.

Information science and technology are critical to the modern practice of public health. Yet today's public health professionals generally have no formal training in public health informatics--the application of information science and technology to public health practice and research. Responding to this need, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently developed, tested, and delivered a new training course in public health informatics. The course was designed for experienced public health program managers and included sessions on general informatics principles and concepts; key information systems issues and information technologies; and management issues as they relate to information technology projects. This course has been enthusiastically received both at the state and federal levels. We plan to develop an abbreviated version for health officers, administrators, and other public health executives.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1990

Medical information, health sciences librarians, and professional liability.

As a gatekeeper to medical literature and a critical link in the delivery of information to physicians, the librarian's role raises the issue of the librarian's professional liability. The paper suggests several ways in which liability may attach to the librarian or the librarian's employers. Although the librarian's personal risk is negligible, the physician's exposure due to ineffective library work is substantial since the courts have held that a physician must keep abreast of progress in his field. Librarians can also become associated with professional liability actions as part of a case against a physician or hospital through the legal doctrine of vicarious liability. The paper concludes by suggesting several proactive steps for health sciences librarians to pursue to insulate themselves from professional liability and to insulate physicians and institutions from vicarious liability.

Information Services↗
PubMed2006

An adaptive signal compression system with pre-specified reconstruction quality and compression rate.

Two essential properties of a signal compression method are the compression rate and the distance between the original signal and the reconstruction from the compressed signal. These two properties are used to assess the performance and quality of the method. In a recent work [B. Tümer, B. Demiröz, Lecture Notes in Computer Science-Computer and Information Sciences, volume 2869, chapter Signal Compression Using Growing Cell Structures: A Transformational Approach, Springer Verlag, 2003, pp. 952-959], an adaptive signal compression system (ACS) is presented which defines the performance of the system as a function of the system complexity, system sensitivity and data size. For a compression method, it is desirable to formulate the performance of the system as a function of the system complexity and sensitivity to optimize the performance of the system. It would be further desirable to express the reconstruction quality in terms of the same system parameters so as to know up front what compression rate to end up with for a specific reconstruction quality. In this work, we modify ACS such that the modified ACS (MACS) estimates the reconstruction quality for a given system complexity and sensitivity. Once this relation is identified it is possible to optimize either compression rate or reconstruction quality with respect to system sensitivity and system complexity while limiting the other one.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informatics at the National Institutes of Health: a call to action.

Biomedical informatics, imaging, and engineering are major forces driving the knowledge revolutions that are shaping the agendas for biomedical research and clinical medicine in the 21st century. These disciplines produce the tools and techniques to advance biomedical research, and continually feed new technologies and procedures into clinical medicine. To sustain this force, an increased investment is needed in the physics, biomedical science, engineering, mathematics, information science, and computer science undergirding biomedical informatics, engineering, and imaging. This investment should be made primarily through the National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, the NIH is not structured to support such disciplines as biomedical informatics, engineering, and imaging that cross boundaries between disease- and organ-oriented institutes. The solution to this dilemma is the creation of a new institute or center at the NIH devoted to biomedical imaging, engineering, and informatics. Bills are being introduced into the 106th Congress to authorize such an entity. The pathway is long and arduous, from the introduction of bills in the House and Senate to the realization of new opportunities for biomedical informatics, engineering, and imaging at the NIH. There are many opportunities for medical informaticians to contribute to this realization.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1994

Information revolution in nursing and health care: educating for tomorrow's challenge.

Current emphasis on the national electronic highway and a national health database for comparative health care reporting demonstrates society's increasing reliance on information technology. The efficient electronic processing and managing of data, information, and knowledge are critical for survival in tomorrow's health care organization. To take a leadership role in this information revolution, informatics nurse specialists must possess competencies that incorporate information science, computer science, and nursing science for successful information system development. In selecting an appropriate informatics educational program or to hire an individual capable of meeting this challenge, nurse administrators must look for the following technical knowledge and skill set: information management principles, system development life cycle, programming languages, file design and access, hardware and network architecture, project management skills, and leadership abilities.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2003

Victorian naturalists in China: science and informal empire.

This paper discusses the research of British naturalists in China during the period between the Opium War and the collapse of the Qing dynasty (1839-1911). China was defeated in the Opium War and forced to open treaty ports for trade with the Westerners. The foreign powers, particularly Britain, imposed upon the Qing government treaties, concession leases, favourable trade conditions, legal privileges and so on to reduce its political autonomy. In the shadow of the informal empire, not only did the British have more freedom to travel in China, first at the treaty ports and later in the interior, but they successively established diplomatic , commercial and missionary institutions in dozens of Chinese cities. The most important of them - the British Consular Service, the Chinese Maritime Customs and the Protestant missionary organizations - provided the talent and infrastructure for natural historical research and became networks for scientific information. The research into China's natural history epitomized the characteristics of British research on China in general: it engaged in collecting and circulating an ever-increasing amount of information and aimed at producing 'factual' and 'useful' knowledge about China. The paper modified current literature on scientific imperialism, which has dealt primarily with the colonial context, by examining the role of nineteenth-century British imperial science in the context of informal empire.

China↗
PubMed1986

End-user information utilities in the health sciences.

Electronic information utilities in the health sciences such as MINET (Medical Information Network) are increasingly important as it becomes more convenient for end users to retrieve data and use various online information services such as electronic mail from personal computer workstations. MINET is examined in depth as the most fully developed end-user utility. Several other end-user utilities and full-text databases in the health sciences are listed and described.

MEDLARS↗
PubMed1986

The synergism of Health Information Science/Health Informatics.

The purpose of this paper is threefold: to review the status of Health Information Science (Health Informatics) as reported in the literature; to suggest a taxonomy to integrate the many varied concepts being discussed under the rubric of Health Information Science; and to propose a framework into which research can be classified and potential research hypotheses generated. It is suggested that such a framework is needed if generalizations are to be made to the end that the knowledge produced from research efforts may be cumulative with that from other studies. A framework for research is needed if the field is to become an established academic discipline; whether or not it takes on the mantel of a "science" is another matter.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Getting on the fast track, or how to get an MLIS through distance education, with a specialization in medical librarianship.

The article describes an innovation in MLIS education for medical librarianship, with an introduction to the FastTrack, the distance education program at the University of Pittsburgh's library and information science school, together with an overview of a model program linking the biomedical library at Vanderbilt University with the School of Information Sciences in Pittsburgh. Admissions requirements and specific curriculum for the distance education master's degree are detailed in an FAQ format.

Education, Distance↗