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PubMed1980

[Review of theories on the foundations of the incest taboo].

Mainly because of its universality the incest taboo has been a field of investigation open to a number of disciplines. The author reviews the most important theories concerning the bases of this taboo, arranged according to the point of view, finalist or determinist. He then considers the anew in the light of recent acquisitions stemming from ethology and family theory. It has been demonstrated that an instinctive barrier against incest exists in the family life of wild animals, bringing into play defence mechanisms analogous to those that obtain in the human family. Developing the subject, the author shows on the one hand how this discovery calls in question certain postulates hitherto regarded as definitive, and on the other hand how it opens the way to a more synthetic view of the problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Incest by the mother: clinical and therapeutic aspects].

Whereas clinical and preventive aspects of father-daughter incest are now better-known, mother-child incest remains mysterious. Reporting four recent cases, the authors attempt to describe its main clinical features, particularly those which could allow earlier diagnosis. An original "constructive" therapeutic approach of the most severely mentally disturbed children among these victims is then developed: the emphasis is put on how medical, social and legal procedures might be coordinated.

Child↗
PubMed1995

Incest and other intrafamilial sexual abuse.

This study describes eight female adolescents who were sexually abused in childhood. Four were victims of incest. The mean age of onset of sexual abuse was 9.8 years and except for one, all had multiple incidents. All were from the lower socioeconomic class. The majority had disorganised families. The reactions of the majority of the victims were fear, intense anger and self mutilation. All were separated from their families on disclosure of the abuse. A significant clinical sequela was that of suicidal tendency in all of them, six of whom attempted suicide repeatedly. Promiscuous behaviour at adolescence occurred in one victim of father-child incest. Lesbianism resulted in one other. None suffered from any formal psychiatric disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Cytogenetic paternity test in father-daughter incest (case report) (author's transl)].

Cytogenetic test for paternity proved superior to serological tests in a case in which possible father-daughter incest was to be proven or disproven. Of seven fetal chromosomal markers three were derived from the putative father, two from the mother and two paternal markers were present in both fetus and mother as a consequence of the incest. The fetus was homozygous for a paternal marker on chromosome 22.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1996

[Paternity determination in cases of incest using multiallelic loci DNA polymorphisms].

The analysis of genetic markers in man allows to efficiently resolve cases of dubious paternity. Lately, the use of genetic markers derived from DNA analysis allows high exclusion probabilities. A particular case are those consultations whom the progenitors are closely related, in which the criteria to attribute paternity are modified. The present report explains the analysis methods and interpretation of results in situations of doubtful paternity in cases of incest between father and daughter, using monolocus DNA polymorphisms. The method is illustrated through the analysis of four cases seen at the Servicio Médico Legal of Santiago. To be able to determine paternity in these cases of incest, at least three multiallelic loci in which mother and son have different genotypes must be examined.

Alleles↗
PubMed1980

Gene-culture translation in the avoidance of sibling incest.

A preliminary analysis is made of the relation between the epigenetic rules of brother-sister incest avoidance, which operate during individual development, and the frequency of occurrence of this form of incest among cultures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

Clinical management of father-daughter incest. A critical reexamination.

The professional literature relevant to child incest cases is reviewed. Four questions related to clinical management are examined. Although physical separation of the offending parent and child is typically recommended, there is insufficient evidence to support the belief that an incestuous relationship per se is inevitably harmful to the mental health of the child. It is suggested that exclusive focus on the sexual relationship can sometimes prevent the clinician from providing maximum assistance to the child and family. A representative case history is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

MMPI measures of psychological disturbance in adolescent and adult victims of father-daughter incest.

The MMPI was used to study psychological disturbance in two different age groups of victims of father-daughter incest. The profiles of a group of 27 adolescent victims and 31 adult victims were compared and analyzed. All subjects had a history of being molested when they were children by their fathers or stepfathers, and all were in psychotherapy at the time of testing. In order to establish clear age differentiation between the two groups, no adolescent was over the age of 19 and no subject in the adult group was under age 30 when they were tested. The results indicated that the overall profiles were more elevated for the adult victims than for the adolescent victims. Both groups were elevated (T greater than 70) on Scale 8 (Sc), and the adults also were elevated on Scale 4 (PD), while the adolescents were high (T = 69) on Scale 9 (MA). The results are discussed in terms of core personality disturbance shared by the two groups and the probable influence of time or age on how the psychopathology is expressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The jouissance of the other and the prohibition of incest: a Lacanian perspective.

The authors describe how Lacan diverged from classical Freudian concepts to arrive at an alternative model of psychoanalysis. In a discussion that also addresses the concept of the mirror stage and Lacan's use of language, the authors show how the Lacanian concepts of jouissance and the prohibition of incest contribute to this model, which can be successfully applied to the psychoanalytic treatment of more seriously disturbed patients. A clinical vignette is presented to illustrate the latter point.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1995

Individual recognition and incest avoidance in eusocial common mole-rats rather than reproductive suppression by parents.

Non-reproductive females in families of eusocial common mole-rats (Cryptomys sp., Rodentia) are not suppressed by their mother, (either behaviourally or pheromonally) as is generally assumed. They do not mate with their father and brothers simply because they are not sexually attractive for them (and vice versa). The incest avoidance is based on the capability to recognize (and keep in memory for up to three weeks) each family member individually. A 'sterile' daughter may conceive and deliver young in her parental family if given the opportunity to mate with an unfamiliar mate in a separate cage. In this way, two females may breed side by side in one family.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Contextual family therapy with the victims of incest.

The authors apply the concepts of Boszormenyi-Nagy's contextual family therapy to the family treatment of victims of incest. Intergenerational bonds of loyalty and indebtedness are stressed, as is the therapist's goal of increasing mutual empathy between the victim and the victimizer. Case examples are provided.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1983

Mutual influence and interlocking professional-family process in the treatment of child sexual abuse and incest.

Three different types of professional intervention are described for families where father-daughter incest and stepfather-stepdaughter child sexual abuse have occurred. Their possible bearing on the development of the family process and the family network process is outlined. It will be demonstrated how the particular form of the professional intervention influences the relationship between family members and how, in turn, different family members attempt to channel professional intervention along lines they designate. The notion of an overall professional-family system, which describes the mutual influence and interlocking effects each sub-system has on the other, is proposed. The interlocking effects between the two sub-systems are demonstrated by means of a detailed clinical example.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Confronting the incest secret long after the fact: a family study of multiple victimization with strategies for intervention.

All eleven adult females in one generation of an extended family had experienced childhood sexual abuse by either a father/uncle or an older cousin/brother. The sexual abuse had been a closely guarded secret of each victim for up to 20 years despite the fact that all of the women had close and frequent involvement in one another's lives. Protection of the young daughter of the cousin/brother provided the impetus for disclosure and a focal point of concern for the adult women whose sexual abuse had been initiated at approximately the same age as the girl. This family's case history is used as a vehicle to discuss intervention strategies for dealing with incest long after the fact with extended family networks.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Sibling incest: a study of the dynamics of 25 cases.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the frequently observed dynamics distinctive to the sibling incest family system, and to evaluate how these dynamics might predispose the family system to act out its dysfunction through sibling sexual conduct. Being a descriptive study by nature, the data is based on 25 families which were reported to the Boulder County (Colorado) Sexual Abuse Team between May 1982 and December 1985. The 25 families yielded a significant pattern of common dynamics. Those dynamics which were repeatedly observed throughout these cases were: distant, inaccessible parents; parental stimulation of sexual climate in the home; and family secrets, especially with regard to extramarital affairs. The implications of the findings suggest that the patterns that are emerging are becoming more predictable, making prognosis and therapeutic intervention far more encouraging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Professionals' attributions of censure in father-daughter incest.

Despite the recent increase in interest in the area of child sexual abuse, few studies have explored the attitudes of professionals involved in working with children. The present study investigates variables relating to the attribution of censure by two professional groups (teachers and social workers), to a victim of father-daughter incest, the father, and nonparticipating mother. Subjects were given one of four brief histories of a 14-year-old girl who had been sexually abused by her father. Cases varied according to whether the child had/had not resisted her father's advances and whether she had/had not had other sexual experiences. Subjects then completed a questionnaire and indicated the extent to which they attributed censure to the child, her mother, and father, and the extent to which they believed she would be affected by her experiences. Results showed that responses were influenced by the level of resistance, other sexual experiences, and respondents' sex and occupation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Incest: a laughing matter.

Although incestuous rape is considered to be the most prevalent and most devastating form of child sexual abuse being reported in the United States, a review of the most popular child sexual abuse prevention programs currently being marketed, purportedly for use with very young children, reveals that none of them explicitly deals with the subject. This lacuna is routinely justified on the grounds that the transmission of detailed conceptual knowledge of sexual violence violates the "innocence" of children, either frightening them or provoking precocious, possibly pathological behavior. The following analysis of the context and content of the Chulupi Indian myth, "The Man You Could Say Nothing To," unmasks this attitude as a cultural bias which permeates child sexual abuse prevention programs. By maintaining the silence which surrounds incest, one potentially becomes part of the problem that one seeks to resolve.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Attributions of female adolescent incest victims regarding their molestation.

It has been suggested that how one cognitively appraises his or her victimization experience will influence one's psychological adjustment. In this study, content analysis was conducted on the explanations given for their molestation by 84 female adolescent incest victims. The relationship of these explanations with measures of self-esteem and depression was examined. No relationship was found between self-esteem or depression scores and whether or not subjects found some meaning or explanation for their being molested. However, the type of attribution was related to self-esteem and depression, with subjects significantly more depressed and having lower self-esteem if they attributed the molestation as due to something about self (internal attribution) versus some reason external to self (external attribution). Subjects making internal attributions were more likely to have experienced intercourse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Attribution of causal and moral responsibility to victims of father-daughter incest: an exploratory examination of five factors.

This study was designed to assess the extent to which victim characteristics, assault characteristics, and respondents' sex would affect attributions of causal and moral responsibility to an incest victim. The victim was either a 7- or 15-year-old child who responded in either a passive or resisting manner. The incestuous abuse involved either sexual intercourse or fondling, and either high or low levels of coercion. The subjects were undergraduate students (male = 240; female = 240) who responded to a vignette describing a sexual interaction between a father and daughter. The results indicate that significantly more causal and moral responsibility was attributed to the victim in cases where the victim responded passively. A breakdown of the significant form of responsibility x victim age x coerciveness interaction revealed a significant main effect for form of responsibility; significantly more causal (as opposed to moral) responsibility was attributed to the victim. The simple main effects for victim age were significant in all cases except for the moral responsibility, high coercion condition; and the simple main effects for coercion were significant in all cases except for the moral responsibility, 7-year-old victim condition. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for public education and future research.

Adolescent↗