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Results for “INTESTINAL DISEASES”

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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Relative deficiency in IgA production by duodenal explants from German shepherd dogs with small intestinal disease.

Matched samples of serum, saliva and tears were collected from four groups of dogs; two of the groups were German shepherd dogs (GSDs) either with (Group 1) or without (Group 4) a variety of small intestinal disorders; the remaining two groups were dogs of other breeds, again with (Group 2) or without (Group 3) small intestinal disease. Capture ELISAs were used to measure IgG, IgM, IgA and albumin concentrations within these samples; intestinal humoral immune status of clinical cases was assessed by quantifying immunoglobulin production from duodenal explant cultures.There were no significant differences in IgG, IgM or IgA concentrations in serum, saliva or tears between the different groups of dog. Moreover, no significant differences were noted between groups for IgG, IgM and IgA salivary and tear secretory indices. IgA production by 24-h explant cultures was significantly lower in GSDs compared with non-GSDs with small intestinal disease (groups 1 and 2, respectively), but the numbers of lamina propria IgA(+) plasma cells in duodenal biopsies were not different between groups. These results suggest that there may be a relative deficiency in local IgA secretion in GSDs with small intestinal enteropathies, which is not reflected in either serum IgA concentrations, or in secretion at unaffected mucosal sites. It remains to be determined whether such a deficiency is a breed-related primary defect, or whether it arises secondary to the pathological processes within the intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992-5.

Following the introduction of an improved surveillance system for infectious intestinal disease outbreaks in England and Wales, the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre received reports of 26 outbreaks between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1995 in which there was evidence for waterborne transmission of infection. In these 26 outbreaks, 1756 laboratory confirmed cases were identified of whom 69 (4%) were admitted to hospital. In 19 outbreaks, illness was associated with the consumption of drinking water from public supplies (10 outbreaks) or private supplies (9 outbreaks). The largest outbreak consisted of 575 cases. In 4 of the remaining 7 outbreaks, illness was associated with exposure to swimming pool water. Cryptosporidium was identified as the probable causative organism in all 14 outbreaks associated with public water supplies and swimming pools. Campylobacter was responsible for most outbreaks associated with private water supplies. This review confirms a continuing risk of cryptosporidiosis from chlorinated water supplies in England and Wales, and reinforces governmental advice to water utilities that water treatment processes should be rigorously applied to ensure effective particle removal. High standards of surveillance are important for prompt recognition of outbreaks and institution of control measures. As microbiological evidence of water contamination may be absent or insufficient to implicate a particular water supply, a high standard of epidemiological investigation is recommended in all outbreaks of suspected waterborne disease.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Hyperoxaluria and intestinal disease. The role of steatorrhea and dietary calcium in regulating intestinal oxalate absorption.

Hyperoxaluria was documented in patients with pancreatic insufficiency, adult celiac disease, regional enteritis after ileectomy and partial colectomy, and jejunoileal bypass. The degree of hyperoxaluria correlated directly with the severity of the steatorrhea and inversely with the dietary calcium content. High-calcium diets suppressed oxalate excretion to normal when fecal fat excretion was approximately 30 g/day or less. In patients with more severe steatorrhea, decreasing dietary fat and oxalate content further reduced urinary oxalate excretion. These data suggest that, while steatorrhea is the most important determinant for enhanced absorption of dietary oxalate, variations in dietary calcium content modulate the amount of oxalate absorbed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro immune cell function in six cases of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease after long term remission.

We have studied several parameters of in vitro immune cell function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease after long term remission. We have observed two groups of patients with different patterns of response. (a) After stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus, three patients showed a significant reduction of the Ig synthesis (A, G and M) and the proliferative response. In two of them, we found increased spontaneous suppressor T cell activity. In the third case, the diminished response could not be attributed, according to our assays, either to suppressor T cells, lack of T helper activity (although the number of OKT4+ cells was diminished) or an intrinsic B cell defect. The three patients showed normal or augmented NK activity and an inversion of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was detected in two of them. (b) The remaining three patients showed a normal Ig synthesis after stimulation with PWM and a slightly depressed IgM synthesis in response to S. aureus. They expressed a normal T helper cell function and did not show increased spontaneous suppressor T cell activity. They had low levels of natural killer cytotoxicity and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was not significantly altered. Taken together, our data indicate that significant alterations of the in vitro immune response can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of some immunoproliferative small intestinal disease patients after long term remission.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

The magnitude and distribution of infectious intestinal disease in Malta: a population-based study.

Routine sources of information on infectious intestinal disease (IID) capture a fraction of the actual disease burden. Population studies are required to measure the burden of illness. A retrospective age-stratified cross-sectional telephone study was carried out in Malta in order to estimate the magnitude and distribution of IID at population level. A random sample of 3504 persons was interviewed by a structured questionnaire between April 2004 and December 2005. The response rate was 99.7%. From the study, the observed standardized monthly prevalence was 3.18% (95% CI 0.7-5.74) with 0.421 (95% CI 0.092-0.771) episodes of IID per person per year. The monthly prevalence was higher in the <5 years age group and in females aged 31-44 years. The mean duration of illness was 6.8 days and a median duration of 3 days. A bimodal seasonal distribution was observed with peaks in June-July and October-November.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiology of chronic intestinal disease in middle Africa.

Gastrointestinal disease in middle Africa is changing. The traditional patterns were high frequencies of parasitic and infectious diseases and sigmoid volvulus, and low incidences of colonic polyps, carcinoma of the colon, appendicitis, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The current disease patterns are compared with those for gastrointestinal disease in developed countries and etiological factors are discussed.

Africa, Central↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of a diet enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids on some indices of the metabolism and course of acute gastro-intestinal diseases in children in the 1st year of life].

The influence of new products "Vitalakt" and "Malysh", enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the evolution of acute gastro-intestinal diseases and the lipids metabolism characteristics (total lipids, cholesterol and its ethers, phospholipids, nonetherified fatty acids in the blood serum), as well as on blood serum, protein fractions was studied. A total of 137 children were examined and the diet of 87 of them included the new dairy products "Vitalakt" and Malysh". These new dairy mixtures have been found to exert a beneficial effect on the course of the disease, tended to normalize the blood serum lipids characteristics and to reduce dysproteinemia. All this warrants recommending the mixtures "Vitalakt" and "Malysh" to be included in the diet of infants in the first year of life, suffering from acute gastro-intestinal diseases.

Cholesterol↗