Case management and pharmaceutical companies: why should we cooperate?
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This paper looks at the emergence of divisions of general practice in Australia. Divisions are local groups of general practitioners working to integrate general practice into the wider health system and to explore opportunities for improving service delivery, teaching and research. There are now 116 divisions of general practice, covering over 95 per cent of the Australian population. Projects and infrastructure funding was approximately $35 million in 1994-95. Divisions have enabled general practitioners to retain their autonomy while responding to a government health reform process which depends on their participation. They are a uniquely Australian solution to the problems confronting general practice in the 1990s, bridging the gap that previously existed between individual general practitioners and the health system as a whole. The Divisions and Projects program is being evaluated using a variety of methods which allow feedback into the program in a timely way. The program thus remains sensitive to new strategies and directions, either from the general practitioners themselves or from other stakeholders.
The critical issue of communication has been addressed by the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Brisbane. The hospital commissioned a communications audit, benchmarked outside the health sector in the service industry, and designed and piloted communication strategies at an organisational level and in selected clinical settings. The communications models developed have emphasised the importance of planning, evaluation and flexibility to enable the modification of communication strategies to continually improve communication in the organisation. It is envisaged that regular communication assessments will be conducted with the use of audit tools which have been developed to compare results over time.
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This paper argues that social welfare research on joined-up thinking is underpinned by two theses. The 'systemic move' thesis suggests that joined-up thinking is needed to fill gaps in welfare service provision arising from a lack of interorganizational co-ordination. The 'epistemological move' thesis advises that joined-up thinking is needed to overcome deficiencies in the institutional division and distribution of welfare knowledge. Both theses macro-systematize blame for previous social welfare failures, and both are teleological because they present joined-up thinking as a progressive solution that results in a more effective (and thus less fallible) welfare system. In this paper, I argue thatjoined-up thinking can also create a new economy of welfare professional power. First, I show how some versions of 'joined-up' thinking manifest themselves in holistic practices that can 'see everything', 'know everything' and 'do anything', and thus a 'holistic power' to discipline and control every aspect of welfare recipients lives. Since holistic power is seen as infallible, its failure to produce 'active bodies' necessitates the creation of secondary 'joined-up powers' that individualize blame and exclude those to blame from welfare resources. These 'secondary powers' match the social disciplines enforced by one welfare agency (e.g. the responsibility to work enforced by the employment service) with legal rights under another agency (e.g. the right to housing from social landlords), so that breach of the former leads to exclusion from the latter. I conclude that this power strategy is primitive and punitive because it simply excludes welfare recipients. Exclusion is also uneconomic because it pushes welfare recipients into the shade of welfare institutional power.
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This article is based on the author's presidential address, which was presented at the 50th anniversary meeting of the American Group Psychotherapy Association in February of 1992. Using the metaphor of the village well, Dr. Alonso argues that AGPA faces both the opportunity and challenge to serve as the leader in facilitating communication among four diverse groups: colleagues in other professional organizations; academia and its training programs; the world of managed care and third-party payers; and, the consumers of our services, our patients.
Borderline personalities have been treated in psychotherapy groups for over 40 years. This article elaborates some of the characteristics pertinent to the treatment of these patients. Combined treatment of group and individual therapy addresses the needs for object constancy, the integration of object and self representations, and the possibility of attachment to others. Collaboration with individual therapists in this process is essential and there are specific conditions that allow this to occur as well as guidelines to help them make referrals. Cotherapy can be especially beneficial if the cotherapy team is knowledgeable and experienced. The group therapist must have special training and supervision to conduct groups of such intensity and affectively laden content.
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Some of us who knew Harry Stack Sullivan during the last two decades of his life and followed the development of his though estimated that his professional career, starting with the completion of the course work at the Chicago College of Medicine and Surgery, 1915, could be divided roughly into four separate periods of some eight years each in duration. The first period may be called the Chicago period, 1915-1921; the second the Washington-Baltimore period, 1921-1931; the third the New York period, 1931-1939; and the fourth, the period of the Washington School of Psychiatry, 1939 to approximately 1947. This leaves a period of about a year, or possibly a little longer, which I wish to designate as the fifth period, cut short by Sullivan's sudden death in January 1949. The last period consisted of his separating himself from the Washington School of Psychiatry and from teaching the theory of interpersonal psychiatry while simultaneously exploring the feasibility of a psychiatry of social groups or even of society itself. The first name for this extension of the concept of interpersonal relations to the entire social field was the title given to the White Memorial Lectures delivered by Dr. G. Brock Chisholm in 1945, namely, "Psychiatry of Enduring Peace and Social Progress."
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