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PubMed1987

Evaluation of musculoskeletal sepsis with indium-111 white blood cell imaging.

The detection of musculoskeletal sepsis, especially following joint replacement, continues to be a challenging problem. Often, even with invasive diagnostic evaluation, the diagnosis of infection remains uncertain. This is a report on the first 55 Indium-111 white blood cell (WBC) images performed in 39 patients for the evaluation of musculoskeletal sepsis. There were 40 negative and 15 positive Indium-111 WBC images. These were correlated with operative culture and tissue pathology, aspiration culture, and clinical findings. Thirty-eight images were performed for the evaluation of possible total joint sepsis (8 positive and 30 negative images); 17 for the evaluation of nonarthroplasty-related musculoskeletal sepsis (7 positive and 10 negative images). Overall, there were 13 true-positive, 39 true-negative, two false-positive, and one false-negative images. Indium-111 WBC imaging is a sensitive and specific means of evaluating musculoskeletal sepsis, especially following total joint replacement.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

[Scintigraphy with indium 111-labeled polynuclears: correlation with the extensiveness and activity of cryptogenetic enterocolitis].

We have studied prospectively the usefulness of indium 111 granulocytes scanning in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Abdominal scans were performed 1 h, 3 h and 20 h after the injection of a pure autologous granulocyte preparation containing 3.7-5.5 MBq of radioindium. The extent of bowel involvement, evaluated on the 3-hour scan, was compared to the X-rays and endoscopic findings. The disease activity was assessed by the intensity of intestinal radionuclide uptake (IRU), the fecal indium 111 measurement (FIM) after a 4-day fecal collection, the decrease of the hepatic and splenic uptake (DHSU). It was compared to clinical and biological data as CDAI, sedimentation rate, albumin and alpha-2-globulin levels. Thirty-three examinations were performed in 26 patients, 16 with Crohn's disease and 10 with ulcerative colitis. The correlation of disease location between indium scan and other diagnosis procedures was good in 81 p. 100 of cases. CDAI was significantly correlated with radionuclide indexes: IRU, FIM, DHSU. FIM was not significantly different between mild and moderates diseases (respectively 1.5 +/- 1.0 p. 100 and 3.6 +/- 3.2 p. 100), but was different between moderate and moderately severe diseases (respectively 3.6 +/- 3.2 p. 100 and 23.6 +/- 16.7 p. 100, p less than 0.001). DHSU was significantly different between mild and moderate diseases (respectively 10.9 +/- 7.2 p. 100 and 22.5 +/- 10.7 p. 100, p less than 0.05) and between moderate and moderately severe diseases (respectively 22.7 +/- 10.7 and 42.4 +/- 7.3 p. 100, p less than 0.001). The radionuclide activity indexes were significantly correlated between themselves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Effect of acetaminophen on the leukocyte-labeling efficiency of indium oxine In 111.

The effect of acetaminophen on the labeling efficiency of leukocytes with indium oxine In 111 was studied. A blood sample was obtained from eight healthy men before and after they received acetaminophen 650 mg every four hours for 24 hours. After dividing the plasma from each sample into three portions, leukocytes were separated and labeled with indium oxine In 111. In an in vitro study, 200 ml of blood was obtained from one of the men, and the plasma was separated into four portions. Acetaminophen in 95% ethanol was added to three of the plasma fractions to produce acetaminophen concentrations of 4, 20, and 100 micrograms/ml; ethanol was added to the fourth fraction as a control. Each plasma fraction was then subdivided into three aliquots, and leukocytes were labeled as in the in vivo study. Mean leukocyte labeling efficiencies in both studies were calculated from the ratios of leukocyte radioactivity to initial radioactivity in the samples, expressed as percentages. Leukocyte labeling efficiencies before acetaminophen administration ranged from 79 to 85%; after administration, labeling efficiencies ranged from 70 to 87%. No significant differences in mean labeling efficiency before and after acetaminophen administration were noted in any of the subjects. Leukocyte labeling efficiencies in all in vitro plasma fractions were reduced, ranging from 54 to 63%, but no significant differences in labeling efficiency between any of the plasma fractions were found. Using the labeling procedures in this study, exposure of leukocytes from healthy men to acetaminophen in vivo or in vitro does not affect labeling efficiency with indium oxine In 111.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1984

[Traumatic left ventricular aneurysm disclosed by systemic emboli. Value of platelet labelling with indium].

The authors report a case of traumatic left ventricular aneurysm, presenting with recurrent cerebral embolism, 36 years after a thoraco-brachial bullet wound. The 58 year old man had no symptoms of angina or particular cardiovascular risk factors. The ECG showed changes of chronic anterior wall infarction, observed 10 years previously on a routine preoperative recording. There was a calcified circular para-apical shadow on chest X-Ray. The antero-apical region showed hypofixation on myocardial scintigraphy, and hypokinesia on isotopic angiography. The coronary arteries were normal. Indium III platelet marking revealed a focus of hyperfixation within the left ventricle. At surgery, a true calcific para-apical left ventricular aneurysm was discovered, containing a fresh thrombus. This lesion was resected. Peroperative Indium III platelet test confirmed that the thrombus was the site of high uptake. The surgical result was good at 6 months follow-up. This case illustrates: the value of the Indium test which would appear to be a very specific and sensitive method of detecting intraventricular thrombi. This test, which appreciates the thrombotic activity of intracardiac masses is a useful complement to other non-invasive methods such as 2D echocardiography; the special characteristics of post-trauma left ventricular aneurysms which are rare, often diagnosed late, at the time of complications such as systemic embolism, commonly pose medico-legal problems, and for which surgical treatment seems to be indicated in symptomatic patients.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed1984

[The chemistry of indium complexes].

There are no complexes of indium known to occur naturally in the human. Several radiopharmaceuticals labelled with In-111 or In-113m have been investigated for their application to localization studies. Most of the indium radiopharmaceuticals have a weak thermodynamic stability and, therefore, no specificity. It is known that such compounds are converted in vivo to In-labelled transferrin. Experiments to increase the thermodynamic stability, thereby leading to an increase in specificity have been followed up in two directions: Modification of polyaminocarboxylic acids (e.g. EDTA, DTPA) by reaction with a benzene diazonium salt or by substitution with methylene phosphoric acid instead of acetic acid in the EDTA molecule. Application of lipid soluble chelates of indium-111 for blood cell labelling (e.g. erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets). The results are promising.

Blood Cells↗

PubMed1981

[Mechanism of renal elimination of 2 elements of group IIIA of the periodic table : aluminum and indium].

Aluminium and indium, two elements of group IIIA of the periodic table, are concentrated by the kidney inside lysosomes of proximal tubule cell. In these lysosomes, aluminium and indium are precipitated as non-soluble phosphate salts and these precipitates are then expelled in the tubular lumen and eliminated with the urinary flow. These data have been visualized by analytical microscopy (ion microscopy and X ray microanalysis). Local acid phosphatases are assumed to permit the concentration of aluminium and indium salts inside the lysosomes.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1981

A method for following human lymphocyte traffic using indium-111 oxine labelling.

A method is described whereby large numbers of human lymphocytes are separated from peripheral blood and labelled in vitro with indium-111 oxine. Following autologous reinjection, the distribution within the body is followed by means of serial blood samples, surface-probe counting and gamma camera imaging. The distribution of radioactivity following reinjection of heat-damaged labelled lymphocytes and free indium-111 oxine is different from that of 'normal' lymphocytes. The results suggest that the separation and labelling procedure does not cause significant physical damage to the lymphocytes The importance of restricting the specific lymphocyte activity to 20-40 microCi per 10(8) cells in order to minimize radiation damage to the lymphocytes is emphasized. Good resolution of lymphoid structures is obtained using gamma camera imaging and the changes recorded in organ distribution correlate well with data from animal models of lymphocyte migration. Thus, indium-111 oxine labelling of human lymphocytes provides a non-invasive method whereby the migratory properties of human lymphocytes can be followed.

Cell Movement↗

PubMed1995

Indium-111-antimyosin Fab imaging to demonstrate myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Indium-111-antimyosin Fab imaging has been used to indicate myocardial injury. This report describes antimyosin accumulation in two patients with myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Both patients complained of chest pain, and significant stenoses of extramural coronary arteries were ruled out by angiography. The first patient, a 64-yr-old woman, had immunopathologic findings suggestive of systemic lupus. Indium-111-antimyosin Fab imaging showed myocardial tracer uptake. This prompted endomyocardial biopsy providing evidence of systemic lupus. The patient improved under immunosuppressive therapy. The second patient, a 47-yr-old man, had systemic lupus diagnosed by immunopathologic findings and skin biopsy. He had evidence of pericarditis on electrocardiography and echocardiography. Indium-111-antimyosin Fab imaging demonstrated additional myocardial involvement, which supported the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. Our results suggest that 111In-antimyosin Fab imaging may provide valuable diagnostic information and influence patient management in systemic lupus erythematosus with suspected myocardial involvement.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

Somatostatin receptor imaging with indium-111-pentetreotide in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: safety, efficacy and impact on patient management.

UNLABELLED: Indium-111-pentetreotide, a radiolabeled somatostatin analog, has been proposed for imaging tumors bearing somatostatin receptors. This study evaluates the safety, efficacy and impact on patient management of this scintigraphic agent in patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS: We studied 47 consecutive patients with a proven or clinically suspected GEP neuroendocrine tumor who were imaged 4 and 24 hr after injection of 111In-pentetreotide. The patients were monitored for adverse reactions and changes in vital signs or clinical chemistry over 24 hr. The scintigraphic findings were compared with results from conventional imaging methods. The patients were followed over a minimal 6-mo period during which further localization procedures were performed to confirm or refute the additional tumor sites found at scintigraphy. RESULTS: No adverse reactions or clinically relevant changes in clinical chemistry were noted after injection of the radiopharmaceutical. The final diagnosis of a GEP neuroendocrine tumor was retained in 38 patients. Somatostatin receptor-positive lesions were found in 33 of these patients, whereas conventional methods were positive in 31 patients. Of the 54 sites seen by conventional procedures, 50 sites were also detected scintigraphically. CONCLUSION: Indium-111-pentetreotide is a safe, sensitive imaging agent in the detection of GEP neuroendocrine tumor sites. Indium-111-pentetreotide also provides information on the somatostatin receptor status of the tumor and may therefore aid in therapeutic decisions.

Female↗

PubMed1975

[Study of proteins binding radioactive indium in vivo].

After in vivo infusion, radio-active indium is fixed by liver and bone marrow, but more slowly and less completely than iron. It does not incorporate to haem. It is found as labelled ferritin in the liver, after the fifth day. In the bone marrow, indium is almost exclusively found as labelled transferrin; several arguments suggest the intra-cellular site of the labelled protein. Using indium may enable a better knowledge of the intermediary iron pools.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Indium-111 leucocyte scintigraphy and ultrasound scanning in the detection of intra-abdominal abscesses in patients without localizing signs.

The clinical records of 45 patients with suspected intra-abdominal sepsis but without localizing abdominal signs were retrospectively reviewed. All had undergone both indium-111 leucocyte scintigraphy and real time ultrasound. Twenty-two of the 45 patients were subsequently shown to have intra-abdominal abscesses. Twenty-one patients were identified correctly by indium-111 scintigraphy (sensitivity 95%) and 10 by ultrasound (US: sensitivity 45%). There were two false positive scintiscans (specificity 91%) but no false positive US scans (specificity 100%). There was no correlation between the peripheral white cell count and the presence of absence of an abscess or the likelihood of obtaining a positive scintiscan result. Because of the excellent specificity ultrasound scanning should remain the initial investigations in this group of critically ill patients with indium-111 scintigraphy being used to clarify the US findings or in US negative patients.

Abdominal Abscess↗

PubMed1996

Radiation pneumonitis imaged with indium-111-pentetreotide.

UNLABELLED: Early recognition of radiation pneumonitis enables adequate treatment with a reasonable chance to prevent late sequelae. The feasibility of 111In-pentetreotide in detecting this condition was explored in this study. METHODS: The degree of lung uptake of 111In-pentetreotide, evaluated both visually and quantitatively by irradiated-to-nonirradiated area ratios (INIA ratio) from planar images after 24 hr, was analyzed in relation to the radiation field and compared with ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) images and chest radiographs or CT in 11 patients who had received radiotherapy to the mediastinum or to the internal mammary nodes, 10 of whom were suspected of having clinical radiation pneumonitis. Additional SPECT studies were used to map lung uptake distribution. RESULTS: Indium-111-pentetreotide scans were positive in nine symptomatic patients examined 2-5 mo after radiotherapy; strongly or moderately positive in eight patients, one of whom was receiving steroid therapy without clinical response; and weakly positive in one patient with good steroid response. Indium-111-pentetreotide studies were negative in one asymptomatic patient examined 1 mo after radiotherapy and in one symptomatic patient, with subsequent diagnosis of aspecific viral pneumonitis, examined 4 mo after irradiation. Positive 111In-pentetreotide scans delineated areas of radiation pneumonitis that adequately correlated with areas of decreased ventilation/perfusion and x-ray abnormalities. INIA ratios varied from 1.01 to 2.16 and, in irradiated areas with visible uptake, the lowest value was 1.29. SPECT showed lung uptake in both superficial and deep lying areas in patients with mantle irradiation fields whereas distribution was limited to anterior areas in internal mammary lymph node chain irradiation. CONCLUSION: Indium-111-pentetreotide can detect radiation pneumonitis and may have a role in both the differential diagnosis of patients who have complaints after radiotherapy, and when supported by quantification in the monitoring of response to steroid therapy.

Feasibility Studies↗

PubMed1998

Influence of different physicochemical conditions on the release of indium oxine from nanocapsules.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of factors (pH, enzymes, etc.) chosen partially to mimic in vivo conditions on the release of a model drug, indium oxine, from polyepsiloncaprolactone (PCL) nanocapsules in vitro. A nanocapsule suspension, an emulsion (O/W), and a solution in olive oil were prepared in order to compare the release of a radioactive tracer, indium oxine, as a function of time by an in vitro dialysis method. Nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of PCL and characterized by particle size distribution (laser light scattering) and determination of the polymer molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results of this study suggest that the partition coefficient between the acceptor medium and the olive oil is the major parameter governing the release of the isotope, at least in the absence of significant enzyme activity. The PCL wall of nanocapsules is a barrier that does not seem to retard the release of indium. The addition of porcine liver esterases accelerated the degradation of PCL. This study confirms that the release of a drug from nanocapsules may be very different depending on the in vivo location, that is, the administration site.

Dosage Forms↗

PubMed2001

Usefulness of indium-111-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in diagnosis of inflammation associated with chronic aortic dissection.

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic aortic dissection require monitoring for indications of disease progression. In present study, inflammation adjacent to associated aortic wall was evaluated by indium-111-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy, scince inflammation of the blood vessel wall often associates with progression of chronic aortic dissection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen patients with aortic dissection underwent indium-111-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. Seven showed positive images at sites corresponding to the actual sites of the dissociated aorta. Four patients with positive images underwent surgery. Histologic examination revealed inflammatory and necrotic changes of the aortic wall. During a mean follow-up period of 2.3 years, progression of aortic dissection was observed in two of the seven patients with positive intimal imaging. CONCLUSION: Indium-111-oxine-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy may be a useful noninvasive technique to assess the persistent inflammation in patients with chronic aortic dissection.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Complete combustion of methane over indium tin oxides catalysts.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) catalysts with different In/Sn ratios have been prepared by the co-precipitation method. The catalysts were evaluated for methane combustion at different temperatures (673-873 K) with a space velocity of 30 000 h(-1). The results showed that methane could be completely oxidized at 873 K with ITO catalysts. Doping an appropriate amount of tin into In2O3 could greatly improve its activity, while the performances of Indium-doped tin oxides were worse than that of SnO2. A significant improvement of the activity was obtained on the catalyst In8Sn2, which contains 80 wt. % of indium oxide and 20 wt. % of tin oxide. Crystal defection and the amount of oxygen vacancy caused by doping were the main factors that would affect catalytic activity of ITO catalysts. The catalytic activity is strongly inhibited by the presence of a large amount of water vapor at the entire temperature range, while only the activity at low temperature (under 823 K) decreased in the presence of sulfur dioxide. By doping Sn into In2O3, its tolerance to SO2 could be enhanced due to the higher resistance of SnO2.

Air Pollution↗

PubMed2005

The indium subnitrides Ae6In4(InxLiy)N(3-z)(Ae = Sr and Ba).

The indium nitrides Sr6In4(In(0.32)Li(0.92))N(2.49) and Ba6In(4.78)N(2.72) have been synthesized from an excess of molten sodium. They crystallize in a stuffed variant of the eta-carbide structure type in the cubic space group Fdm with Z = 8. The lattice parameters are a = 14.3752(4) and 15.216(1) A, with cell volumes 2970.6(2) and 3523.3(6) A3, respectively. In both compounds there are vacancies on some of the indium and nitrogen sites and, in the case of Sr6In4(In(0.32)Li(0.92))N(2.49), mixed lithium-indium occupancy of one metal site. It is demonstrated that the partial and mixed occupancies act to carefully tune to electron count to almost fulfill the bonding requirements of the stellar quadrangular subnets of both compounds. Four probe resistivity measurements performed upon a pellet of Sr6In4(In(0.32)Li(0.92))N(2.49) show it to have a room-temperature resistivity of 6.3 mOmega.cm with a weak temperature dependence.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Phase stabilization through electronic tuning: electron-poorer alkali-metal-indium compounds with unprecedented In/Li clusters.

Three alkali-metal-indium compounds K34In(92.30)Li(12.70) (I), K14Na20In(91.82)Li(13.18) (II), and K14Na20In(96.30) (III) (all Rm) have been synthesized and characterized by structural and physical property measurements and electronic structure calculations. Novel mixed In/Li anionic icosahedra and fused icosahedra form in I and II. All three contain In28 as the first triply fused In icosahedra, which are further linked into (In28)In(In28) sandwich adducts in compounds I and II and (In28)In2(In28) in III. Stabilization of these electron-poorer phases through electronic tuning occurs via two different structural (redox) perturbations, either by substitution of certain indium atoms in the clusters by electron-poorer lithium atoms or by the introduction of defects and disorder in the fused cluster (III). The preferential occurrence of either substitutions or defect formation in the clusters is consistent with extended Huckel band calculation results for both the ideal pure indium phase and the Li-substituted equivalent. Model (ideal) and experimental EF values (based on stoichiometries) fall around a pseudogap in DOS. All three compounds are metallic according to both EHTB band calculations and measured resistivities. The cations (A = K, Na) in all the three structures generate A136 clathrate-IotaIotatype networks with remarkably specific and transferable cation dispositions around the two types of anionic cluster units.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Novel deoxygenation reaction of epoxides by indium.

[reaction: see text] A novel, mild, ecofriendly protocol for the deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes using indium metal and indium(I) chloride or ammonium chloride in alcohol has been developed. It was necessary for the presence of good radical-stabilizing groups adjacent to the oxirane ring for the deoxygenation reaction to occur. It is proposed that this reaction occurs through an SET process with indium as an electron donor.

Journal Article↗