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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Immunohistochemical study on the progression of colorectal cancer--with respect to apoptotic index, expression of apoptosis-related gene products, and labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)].

To clarify the biological changes in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, immunohistochemical examination was performed with a particular focus on the activity of apoptosis, the expression of apoptosis-related gene products and cell proliferation activity, assessed by the labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Seventy-six resected specimens of colorectal cancer were used to investigate the expression of apoptosis-related gene products, Bcl-2 protein and PCNA labeling index, as well as the apoptotic index using the TUNEL method. Seventy-five percent of 60 advanced cancer specimens was negative for Bcl-2 protein, and the proportion was higher than that in early cancer specimens. The apoptotic index (AI) in the advanced cancers was significantly higher than in the early stage of cancers. Meanwhile, the percentage of PCNA-positive cells for the advanced cancers was significantly higher than for early cancer. This study demonstrated a decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression, an increase in tumor cell apoptosis, and opposite an increase of cellular proliferation activity in the progression of colon cancer from early to the advanced stage of the disease.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of age, body mass index, and wrist index as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome severity.

To determine the role of personal variables as risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and their relationship to severity of nerve conduction abnormality, we studied 210 consecutive symptomatic CTS patients and 320 controls subjects without CTS symptomatology or known systemic disorders. The CTS group was classified according to the severity of nerve conduction changes. The risk factors for CTS and its severity were assessed by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. Presence of CTS was significantly related to increase of body mass index (BMI) and wrist index. More severe nerve conduction abnormalities were associated with greater age and wrist index but not with higher BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Index of Oral Cleanliness (I.O.C.). A new oral hygiene index for use in clinical audit.

Although plaque control influences orthodontic treatment planning, treatment progress and outcome, current national orthodontic clinical audit software does not include an assessment of oral hygiene. This paper presents the development of the Index of Oral Cleanliness, a new simple rapid measure of oral hygiene, and describes its validation and reliability by comparison with the Silness and Loe plaque index in an unselected group of adolescents. It is concluded that the Index of Oral Cleanliness provides a valid quantitative method of scoring oral hygiene, with advantages for use in routine clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of low fat-free mass index and high and very high body fat mass index following lung transplantation.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low fat-free mass index (FFMI) and high and very high body fat mass index (BFMI) after lung transplantation (LTR). A total of 37 LTR patients were assessed prior to and at 1 month, 1 year and 2 years for FFM and compared to 37 matched volunteers (VOL). FFM was calculated by the Geneva equation and normalized for height (kg/m(2)). Subjects were classified as FFMI "low", 8.2 kg/m(2) in men and >11.8 kg/m(2) in women. In 23 M/14 F, body mass index (BMI) was 22.3+/-4.4 and 20.1+/-4.9 kg/m(2), respectively. The prevalence of low FFMI was 80% at 1 month and 33% at 2 years after LTR. Prevalence of very high BFMI increased and was higher in patients than VOL after LTR. The prevalence of low FFMI was high prior to and remained important 2 years after LTR, whereas BFMI was lower prior to and higher 2 years after LTR.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

[The Association Française de Chirurgie (AFC) colorectal index: a reliable preoperative prognostic index in colorectal surgery].

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of outcome after colorectal surgery is always necessary. A new index which permits to appreciate preoperatively postoperative mortality after colorectal resection in colorectal cancer (CRC) and in diverticular disease has been published (i.e., Association Française de Chirurgie, AFC colorectal index). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From November 2002 to July 2004, in-hospital mortality was analysed on 253 patients who underwent colic resection (N = 220, 87%) or rectal resection, with anastomosis (N = 175, 70%). Mortality was analysed according to emergency resection, neurological co morbidity, lost of weight more than 10% of weight, age older than 70 years. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 63 +/- 18 years (17-92) (45% older than 70 years), 26% of patients were ASA >or= III, 35% underwent surgery in emergency, and 12% underwent laparoscopic surgery. One hundred and fifteen (45%) patients underwent surgery for CRC and 50 (20%), for diverticular disease and 11 patients underwent surgery for ischemic colitis. Overall mortality rate was 10% (N = 26), it was 19% in emergency surgery versus 5% after elective surgery. Global morbidity was 38%, percentage of anastomotic leak was 8% (N = 14/175), reoperation was necessary in 14%. The mean length of stay was 13 +/- 8 days. Ten percent of patients necessitated unplanned readmission. After surgery for CCR or diverticular disease. -i) overall mortality was 9% - ii) among patients who had 0, 1, 2, or 3 predictive risk factors of mortality; mortality was 0% , 5% 15% and 33%. After surgery for other aetiology than CCR or diverticular disease, among patients who had 0, 1, 2, or 3 predictive risk factors of mortality; mortality was 0%, 12% 36% and 25%. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed the reproducibility of the AFC colorectal index and its potential application in all aetiologies after colorectal surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Nuclear-labeling index analysis (NLIA), a software package used to perform accurate automation of cell nuclear-labeling index analysis on immunohistochemically stained rat liver samples.

The nuclear labeling index (labeled nuclei/100 nuclei) and the apoptotic index (apoptotic cells/100 cells) are important parameters of cell growth and death. Automatic counting of labeled nuclei is desirable since manual counting is tedious, time-consuming, and with a greater potential for inaccuracies. A nuclear-labeling index analysis (NLIA) software package was developed in this laboratory to perform the counting process automatically and accurately. This software package consists of an application program NLIA and a set of macros for obtaining nuclear data that is used in Scion Image. It is designed to work cooperatively with Scion Image, Adobe Photoshop, and Microsoft Office. NLIA has two basic functions: building nuclear data files and analyzing nuclear data. A color image captured from an immunohistochemically stained or autoradiographic sample is loaded into NLIA. Nuclear data can be entered into the program manually, automatically, or in combination. In the manual data entering mode, NLIA acts as an object-counting tool, while in the automatic mode it acts as a data picker: picking up the data generated by Scion Image into memory. A method to enter nuclear data (both labeled nuclei and unlabeled nuclei) in the automatic mode is described. The color image is processed in Adobe Photoshop, where the interested color ranges are selected and separated. These are then analyzed in Scion Image with the help of the macros for obtaining nuclear data. Since the advanced particle analysis function is used, the counting process is automatic and rapid. Data from thousands of nuclei can be obtained within seconds. To ensure the accuracy of the analysis, a nuclear data checking and edit feature is employed in NLIA: results of computer-generated counting can be compared with the original color image by overlaying the plot of counting results onto the original color image. In this way any computer counting mistakes can be easily discovered and corrected by the operator. Corrected nuclear data (including nuclear size, location, shape) are then stored in data files. These data files can be used in NLIA to obtain cell density and nuclear labeling indices. Because criteria for obtaining nuclear data (truncation diameter, shape factor) can be set by the operator in NLIA, nuclear size distribution and shape variation can be analyzed. This method provides a fast and accurate way to determine cell nuclear-labeling indices. Currently, Scion Image is a freeware on the internet, and NLIA software package is available from our lab home page. Methods presented here expand the Scion Image ability to analyze color images by using color separation techniques in a commercial graphic application. The instrumentation required can be relatively inexpensive, and the methods described may be useful in studies of cell kinetics, lesion growth, and tumor therapy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Body composition interpretation. Contributions of the fat-free mass index and the body fat mass index.

OBJECTIVE: Low and high body mass index (BMI) values have been shown to increase health risks and mortality and result in variations in fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat mass (BF). Currently, there are no published ranges for a fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg/m(2)), a body fat mass index (BFMI; kg/m(2)), and percentage of body fat (%BF). The purpose of this population study was to determine predicted FFMI and BFMI values in subjects with low, normal, overweight, and obese BMI. METHODS: FFM and BF were determined in 2986 healthy white men and 2649 white women, age 15 to 98 y, by a previously validated 50-kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis equation. FFMI, BFMI, and %BF were calculated. RESULTS: FFMI values were 16.7 to 19.8 kg/m(2) for men and 14.6 to 16.8 kg/m(2) for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 1.8 to 5.2 kg/m(2) for men and 3.9 to 8.2 kg/m(2) for women within the normal BMI ranges. BFMI values were 8.3 and 11.8 kg/m(2) in men and women, respectively, for obese BMI (>30 kg/m(2)). Normal ranges for %BF were 13.4 to 21.7 and 24.6 to 33.2 for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION: BMI alone cannot provide information about the respective contribution of FFM or fat mass to body weight. This study presents FFMI and BFMI values that correspond to low, normal, overweight, and obese BMIs. FFMI and BFMI provide information about body compartments, regardless of height.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Correlation of the adipocyte-derived protein adiponectin with insulin resistance index and serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, independent of body mass index, in the Japanese population.

Adiponectin, which is secreted specifically by adipose tissue, has been shown to act as an anti-atherosclerotic protein by direct effects on endothelial cells. Clinical studies have shown that adiponectin levels are lower in individuals with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease. The present study investigated relationships between serum adiponectin levels and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, insulin resistance index, lipid profile, uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in a large number of Japanese subjects not taking any medication for metabolic disease and without severe illness (705 men and 262 women; age 30-65 years; BMI 22.5+/-2.9 kg/m(2)). The serum adiponectin concentration was measured by ELISA, without a protein-denaturing step. The insulin resistance index was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). The serum concentration of adiponectin in women (13.5+/-7.9 microg/ml) was significantly higher than that in men (7.2+/-4.6 microg/ml). The serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and uric acid, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol. The correlations between serum adiponectin level and insulin, HOMA-IR, triacylglycerols, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and uric acid were significant even after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that HDL-cholesterol, sex, BMI and HOMA-IR were independently correlated with the serum adiponectin level (R(2)=0.377). These findings suggest that the serum adiponectin level is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol, independent of age, sex and BMI, in the Japanese population.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) osteoarthritis index and a self-report format of the self-administered Lequesne-Algofunctional index in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the metric properties and validity of German versions of the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) and a self-administered questionnaire-format of the Lequesne-Algofunctional-Index in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the lower extremities. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the instruments' internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficient alpha) and construct validity (correlation with radiological OA-severity and limitation in range-of-motion) in ambulatory patients and patients before hip arthroplasty. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a subsample after 10 days. RESULTS: Data from 51 patients out of 91 contacted could be analyzed. Twenty-nine patients had knee and 22 patients had hip OA. Both the WOMAC and Lequesne OA-indices and their scales or sections had a satisfactory test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient 0.43-0.96). All scales of the WOMAC were internally consistent (Cronbach's coefficient alpha 0.81-0.96) and associated with radiological OA-severity and joint range of motion. However, only the function but not the symptom sections (Cronbach's coefficient alpha knee: 0.55; hip: 0.63) of the self-administered Lequesne OA index were internally consistent for both, patients with knee and hip OA. Also, the symptom components were not or only weakly associated with radiological OA-severity and joint range of motion. CONCLUSIONS: Although our results are based on a German version using a self-report format we may caution using the self-administered Lequesne OA index without prior testing of its metric properties and validity.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Inter-rater reliability of the Barthel Index, the Activity Index, and the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living: The use of ADL instruments in stroke rehabilitation by medical and non medical personnel].

This investigation addressed the question whether non-medical personnel could produce similar ratings to physicians when applying ADL scales. A sports scientist was trained in the assessment of stroke patients with the Barthel Index, the Activity Index and the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale. He and a rehabilitation physician assessed 20 stroke patients in first in-patient rehabilitation with these instruments. Measurements of inter-rater reliability were calculated for scores, subscales and single items, and for the latter also rater correspondence. Inter-rater reliability was good to excellent for all scores and subscales (ICC: 0.82-0.99). Reliability and correspondence was good to excellent for the items of the Barthel Scale, satisfactory to excellent for those of the Activity Index. Some 25 % of the items of the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living revealed unsatisfactory reliability but still high inter-rater correspondence. Results indicate that physicians and non-medical personnel are able to apply these scales reliably to stroke patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1990

Ratio of actual to predicted weight as an alternative to a power-type weight-height index (Benn index).

In 1971 Benn described a form of relative weight that can be calculated as the ratio of actual to predicted weight from the linear regression of weight on height in a population. He also showed how to compute the exponent for a power-type weight-height index that would be approximately equivalent to this relative weight. Benn did not, however, recommended that this "Benn index" be used instead of relative weight. The properties of these two weight-height functions were investigated in data on 10,606 white men and women aged 18-74 y examined in the 1976-1980 Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). Compared with the power-type index, relative weight was preferable in that it was easier to compute with current software packages, was invariant at standard weight-for-height, and offered more flexibility. The limitations shared by both functions are discussed. Neither function should be used uncritically.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Predicting the Crohn's disease activity index from the Harvey-Bradshaw Index.

BACKGROUND: The Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was developed in the 1970s to assess the degree of illness in individuals with Crohn's disease and has since been used widely in clinical trials of the condition. The Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) is a simplification of the CDAI, designed to make data collection and computation easier. It is purported, on the basis of a 0.93 correlation coefficient, to give "essentially the same information." However, correlation is an incomplete way to assess sameness, and this study aimed to develop a method for predicting CDAI from HBI values, including relevant prediction limits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data used in developing both indexes were combined. Single visits of 224 patients with Crohn's disease were plotted on a scattergram. HBI values seen were integers from 0 through 19. Mean and standard deviation of CDAI were determined for each HBI value that included a sufficient number of patients. Standard deviation of CDAI showed a linear increase with increasing HBI. Therefore, regression of CDAI on HBI was weighted on the inverse of the estimated CDAI standard deviation. RESULTS: Regression predicted a 27-CDAI-unit increase for each HBI unit. Calculated 95% prediction limits were almost straight, diverging lines, bracketing 95% of observations. A table gives central tendency and 95% prediction limits of CDAI for any HBI, as well as key clinical benchmarks. CONCLUSIONS: There is a good but far from perfect relationship between CDAI and HBI. CDAI is preferred for clinical trials; HBI is easier to use.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the Periodontal Index (PI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).

692 dental adults in the age ranges, 15-19, 20-29, and 35-44 yr, were assessed for their periodontal conditions and treatment needs using the Periodontal Index (PI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). The relative advantages and disadvantages of the two indices were evaluated as epidemiological screening procedures. The CPITN (which calls for examination of only 10 selected teeth) identified higher proportions of adults and teeth with a healthy periodontal condition and also those with periodontitis than the PI (which requires examination of all teeth). The proportion of adults and teeth with gingivitis as the worst condition was greater than when assessed by the PI. Evaluation of individual adult scores by PI and CPITN suggested that the CPITN, despite being a partial recording index only, is more sensitive in identifying existing periodontal conditions and treatment needs than the PI. This is explained by the clinical criteria and periodontal probe utilized in the CPITN. Although the original purposes of the PI and CPITN differ, it is proposed that as a epidemiological screening procedure for assessing periodontal treatment needs the CPITN is to be preferred to the PI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The effect of the glycemic index of an evening meal on the metabolic responses to a standard high glycemic index breakfast and subsequent exercise in men.

The present study investigated the effect of the glycemic index of an evening meal on responses to a standard high glycemic index (HGI) breakfast the following morning. The metabolic responses to exercise 3 h after breakfast were also investigated. Seven active males completed 2 trials. In each trial, participants were provided with an evening meal on day 1, which was composed of either HGI or LGI (high or low glycemic index) carbohydrates. On day 2, participants were provided with a standard HGI breakfast and then performed a 60 min run at 65% VO(2max) 3 h later. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations following breakfast were higher in the HGI trial compared to the LGI trial (P < 0.05). During exercise, there were no differences in substrate utilization. The results suggest that consuming a single LGI evening meal can improve glucose tolerance at breakfast but the metabolic responses to subsequent exercise were not affected.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Association of body mass index, blood pressure and serum levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in childhood with the insulin sensitivity index in young adulthood: a 13-year follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Tracking of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and serum lipids from childhood to adulthood has been demonstrated in previous studies. Whether these factors are associated with the insulin-sensitivity index measured in young adulthood (ISIadult) remains undetermined. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether any association exists between the ISIadult and BMI, blood pressure and plasma lipids measured in childhood (1979). METHODS: The study included 227 unrelated white subjects (aged 18-32 years). Their ISIadult were measured in 1992/93 with a combined intravenous glucose (0.3 gl/kg body weight) and tolbutamide (3 mg/kg body weight) tolerance test. BMI, blood pressure and blood lipids were measured in 1979 and again in 1992/93. RESULTS: In men, plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) in 1979 (rs = 0.25, F = 0.006) was positively associated with ISIadult and plasma triglyceride measured in 1979 (rs = -0.34, P = 0.001). BMI (rs = -0.29, P = 0.002) and systolic blood pressure, both measured in 1979 (rs = -0.29, P = 0.002) were associated negatively with ISIadult. In women, plasma HDLC measured in 1979 was associated positively and significantly with ISIadult (rs = 0.21, P = 0.024) and BMI measured in 1979 was associated significantly and negatively with ISIadult (rs = -0.22, P = 0.018). Plasma triglyceride or systolic blood pressure, both measured in 1979, were not associated with ISIadult. In gender-stratified multiple-regression analyses [controlling for waist circumference(adult) maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max(adult)), age and women's use of oral contraceptives], plasma HDLC measured in 1979 was associated significantly with ISIadult in men (P = 0.026) but not in women (P = 0.066). A negative association was found between plasma triglyceride measured in 1979 and ISIadult (P = 0.045) in men, but not in women (P = 0.30). BMI, total cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, all measured in 1979, were not associated with ISIadult. CONCLUSION: Low plasma HDLC, high plasma triglyceride and high BMI in childhood are associated with low insulin-sensitivity index values in young adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis (SCIO index).

Onychomycosis is a common disease, and there are a number of factors that may affect the duration and dosage of treatment including the type of onychomycosis, the area and thickness of nail involvement, the age of the patient, and the location of the digit that is affected. We report a composite index, the Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis (SCIO) that combines these factors to give an index of the overall severity of onychomycosis. The use of the SCIO may have treatment implications; by matching patients with similar SCIO scores, it may be possible to better compare the clinical response to therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Fasting serum free fatty acid, insulin sensitivity index and serum lipid levels in individuals with different body mass index and glucose tolerance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among fasting serum free fatty acid (FFA), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in subjects with different body mass index (BMI) and glucose tolerance by using Bergman's minimodel method. METHODS: 26 normal control subjects, 39 obese subjects, 25 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects and 21 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were recruited into this study. Serum FFA level was measured with radioimmunoassay and ISI was obtained by using Bergman's minimal model method. RESULTS: (1) In the four groups, serum FFA concentration of the control group was significantly lower than that of the other three groups, although there was no difference among the latter three. (2) ISI level of the control group was significantly higher than that of other three groups, while there was no difference among the latter three. (3) After adjusting with BMI, there was still significant difference in serum FFA levels between the control and the other three groups. (4) ISI, HOMAIR, BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR) and TG were all related to the concentration of serum FFA (r = -0.454, 0.213, 0.241, 0.336 and 0.414 respectively, P < 0.01, < 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.01 and < 0.01 respectively), while age, sex and serum TC levels were not related with serum FFA. (5) According to multivariate stepwise regression, ISI, BMI and TG were the major determinant factors for FFA (R(2) = 0.109, 0.212, 0.156, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Besides BMI, ISI and serum TG level are the major determinant factors that affect the concentration of serum FFA. As compared with the simple index HOMAIR, ISI level was more significantly related with serum FFA concentration. FFA levels are significantly different in various glucose tolerant states even after adjusting with BMI. FFA levels were obviously higher in subjects with IGT or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Waist-to-height ratio is a better obesity index than body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio for predicting diabetes, hypertension and lipidemia.

Body mass index (BMI, kg/m.sq) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) are widely used as obesity indices for diabetes and cardiovascular risks. Lower adult height was related to diabetes and stroke. Waist-girth was proved important for visceral obesity. Incorporating waist-girth and height as waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), we reported earlier--"Waist-to-height ratio is an important predictor of hypertension and diabetes". We readdressed this index in a larger sample with two-sample OGTT and lipid profiles. In a cluster sampling of 16,818 rural inhabitants, considering age > or = 20 y, 5713 subjects were found eligible. Of them, 4923 (M/F=2321/2602) volunteered for height, weight, blood pressure, waist-girth and hip-girth. Fasting venous blood (5 ml) was drawn for plasma glucose, total cholesterol (T-chol), Triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotien (HDL-c). Overall, 1565 participants were undertaken for OGTT. The mean (SD) values of BMI, WHR and WHtR for subjects with diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in either sex. The level significance was highest for WHtR. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension increased significantly with higher quintiles of BMI, WHR and WHtR (chi sq values were largest in WHtR for both events). Partial correlation coefficients, controlling for age and sex, showed that BMI, WHR and WHtR significantly correlated with systolic and diastolic BP, FBG, T-chol and TG. In the entire correlation matrix, the 'r' values were the highest for WHtR. Taking diabetes and hypertension as dependent variables, logistic regression also showed the highest odds ratio in higher WHtR than BMI and WHR. We conclude that WHtR was proved again a valuable obesity index for predicting diabetes, hypertension and lipidemia.

Bangladesh↗