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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Chondrosarcoma of small bones of the hands and feet.

BACKGROUND: Cartilaginous tumors of the hands and feet are not uncommon. Most are enchondromas, but they tend to show high cellularity, enlargement of nuclei, and many double-nucleated cells. Hence, differentiation between a benign lesion and chondrosarcoma may be difficult. METHODS: The files of patients treated at the Mayo Clinic and the consultation files were reviewed for examples of chondrosarcoma of small bones of the hands and feet. Histologic features and clinical charts were reviewed in all cases, and radiographs were reviewed in 111 cases. RESULTS: Seventy-five lesions involved the feet and 88 involved the hands. Bones of the fifth finger and the calcaneus were the most common sites of involvement. Nineteen tumors were secondary. Of the 104 intramedullary lesions studied radiologically, 96 showed cortical destruction, 83 a soft tissue mass, and 52 a permeative lytic pattern. Histologically, soft tissue extension and permeation of preexisting bone indicated malignant disease. One hundred sixteen tumors were Grade 1, 44 were Grade 2, and 3 were Grade 3. Of the 12 patients with distant metastasis from chondrosarcoma, 7 died of disease. Chondrosarcomas of the calcaneus and the talus were more likely to metastasize. CONCLUSIONS: Chondrosarcoma of small bones of the hands and feet has the potential to be fatal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Metastatic malignancy to the bones of the hand.

Metastatic involvement of the bones of the hand is extremely rare with an incidence of 0.007%. As of this report there are 55 cases reported in the English-language literature. This paper reports two additional cases and the literature is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Validation of the use of the hand for estimating bone mineral density in other skeletal sites by DXA in healthy and osteoarthritic women.

Hand bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA has mainly been used to assess bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Its use in healthy subjects is limited. The following study was conducted to determine if measurements of hand BMD could estimate ones risk of osteoporosis and predict BMD in other skeletal sites. Subjects consisted of 134 Caucasian females (57-88 yr, 46 with self-reported osteoarthritis and the rest healthy). BMD was measured in the hand, forearm, hip, spine, and total body with the Lunar DPX-MD instrument. Subjects were divided into those with osteoarthritis (OA) and those without and were examined separately, as well as together. Hand BMD correlated significantly with all skeletal sites for the whole population and for each group. Pearson r for the whole population ranged from 0.56 in the lumbar spine to 0.82 in the forearm. Subjects with OA had higher correlations for most sites. Subjects' T-scores, derived from the reference population of young normal adult women, for hip, spine, forearm, and whole body correlated highly with hand BMD. To test how accurately hand BMD could predict BMD in other skeletal sites, we generated regression models from three-fourth of our subjects (n = 102). Based on the resulting regression equations and measured hand BMD, we calculated the predicted values of the BMD in all other skeletal sites for the remaining one-fourth of the subjects (n = 32). The predictive mean square errors, calculated from the observed and predicted values for each skeletal site, were small and below the cutoff values in F-distribution. In conclusion, hand BMD has a potential to establish one's risk for osteoporosis as well as reasonably accurately predict BMD in other skeletal sites. The hand BMD measurement in general, whether a part of DXA or as a separate instrument, might have a potential to be used for mass screening and in prospective studies to determine risk of fractures.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1984

Delayed primary bone grafting in the hand and wrist after traumatic bone loss.

Seventeen patients had 21 bone graft operations as part of the overall delayed primary management of hand and wrist wounds. All bone graftings were performed within 10 days of injury. Internal or external fixation was used in all cases, and all wounds healed without infection. Complications included a fibrous union at one bone graft juncture and one malunion. Follow-up was from 3 months to 7 years. Successful delayed primary bone grafting requires a well-decompressed and surgically-clean wound, good blood supply, adequate fixation, and secure soft-tissue cover. If these conditions cannot be met, bone grafting should be deferred and performed in the conventional manner. The advantages of delayed primary bone grafting are: primary bone healing, a shorter rehabilitation period, fewer operations, avoidance of wound contracture, and bone grafting in a well-vascularized scar-free bed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Use of nasally administered salmon calcitonin in preventing bone loss.

This article reviews several of our studies in which we evaluated the effect of nasal salmon calcitonin in preventing bone loss in normal women just after menopause. In the first study, after treatment with nasal salmon calcitonin, bone loss stopped and, in fact, actually increased slightly. In contrast, the placebo group continued to lose bone mass. On the other hand, bone mass in the forearm, which has more cortical bone, showed no change in response to nasal salmon calcitonin. The effect of salmon calcitonin nasal spray in women with established osteoporosis has also been studied. In one study, bone mass in the forearm was constant in the group receiving nasal salmon calcitonin plus calcium, whereas bone mass in the placebo plus calcium group decreased by roughly 2%. Similarly, patients in the group without any treatment also lost 2%. The effect of nasal salmon calcitonin is probably the result of a reduction in the bone resorption to a level seen in premenopausal females. When women were divided according to their baseline bone turnover or initial bone mass, the women with the highest turnover level (assessed by alkaline phosphatase or fasting urinary hydroxyproline) or the lowest bone mass were the group with the greatest increase in bone mass. In conclusion, treatment with salmon calcitonin nasal spray in patients with established osteoporosis stops bone loss, normalizes bone turnover, and causes no subjective or objective side effects.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

Monitoring skeletal cancer metastases with the bone isoenzyme of tissue unspecific alkaline phosphatase.

The efficacy of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme measurement using lectin precipitation in confirming metastatic bone lesions was compared with total ALP and osteocalcin assay in serum. Sixty-five patients with cancer and metastases to bone (n = 44), liver (n = 15) or lymph nodes (n = 6) as well as 33 healthy adults were studied. Assay of bone ALP is as sensitive but more specific than assay of total ALP in the identification of bone metastases. On the other hand, bone ALP did not correlate with osteocalcin, as is the case in other bone diseases. In the serial monitoring of nine patients with skeletal metastases, bone ALP correlated well with the presence of pain and the progression or regression of metastatic spread.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Lesions of the bones of the hands and feet.

Neoplasms and their simulators in the bones of the hands and feet include the majority of those found in other skeletal sites, and a disproportionate number of some. We examined the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of 240 lesions of the hand and foot bones. Benign tumors and lesions including reactive and reparative conditions comprised 203 cases. The largest single category of neoplasms was that with cartilaginous differentiation, with enchondromas (29 cases) and chondrosarcomas (15 cases) the most common. Noncartilaginous malignant tumors were infrequent and displayed typical radiologic and pathologic features. Florid reactive periostitis, bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations, and giant cell reparative granulomas made up a larger percentage of lesions in these locations than in other skeletal sites. Lesions of the bones of the hands and feet may frequently be biopsied or treated at hospitals without large orthopedic tumor services. Thus, it is important for the surgical pathologist to be aware of the frequency and characteristics of lesions which may present in these sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hand.

Twenty-eight giant-cell tumors of the bones of the hands of 21 patients were reviewed. There were 14 lesions in the phalanges, 12 in the metacarpals, and two in the carpal bones. Giant-cell tumor of bones develop at a younger age, have a shorter duration of symptoms, and recur more rapidly when they occur in the hand than when they occur in other locations. Curettage was found to be ineffective as a method of treatment; 13 of 15 tumors treated by curettage recurred. Amputation or local resection is recommended. Since there is an 18% incidence of multicentric foci of giant-cell tumors of the hand, bone scan is advised when these tumors occur in the hand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor of bone of the hand and distal radius.

Aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor of bone have historically been considered benign lesions that can behave in locally aggressive fashion. The clinical and pathologic findings share some common characteristics. When considering a radiographic differential diagnosis, these entities are usually considered together. There are some very distinct differences in potential aggressiveness and in response to treatment. This report summarizes current knowledge regarding these lesions when they occur in the hand and outlines current treatment methods.

Bone Cysts, Aneurysmal↗
PubMed1985

[Bone changes with long term administration of low dose 1-34 human PTH on adult beagles].

It has been suggested that prolonged administration of low dose PTH could exert an anabolic effect on the bone. The effects of near-physiological dose of PTH injection on trabecular and cortical bones were studied in normal young adult beagles. Twelve 18 month-old male beagle dogs were equally divided into 4 groups by body weight. The 1st group serving as the control was subcutaneously injected with 1 ml of normal saline, and the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th groups were also subcutaneously injected with 1.25, 5.0, 20.0 unit/kg/day of synthetic 1-34 human PTH respectively everyday for 15 weeks. Then, over the following 8 weeks, administration of all vehicle and drugs was withdrawn. After double bone labeling, iliac bone and rib biopsies were taken before and after the drug administration and after the withdrawal. The effects were evaluated with blood chemical and hormonal analysis and bone histomorphometry. No significant changes were noted in serum Ca, P, PTH, calcitonin and 1,25 (OH)2 vit.D levels and A1-P activities with some exceptions. Bone histomorphometry on trabecular bone showed remarkable and statistically significant elevation of formation surface, active formation surface, mineral appositional rate, labeled surface and bone formation rate. On the other hand, bone resorption rate and some other resorption parameters showed a significant elevation but trabecular bone volume showed no significant increase. In cortical bone, the bone dynamics were essentially equal to trabecular bone. But by the increase of bone turnover rate, cortical porosity rate increased. After withdrawal of drug administration, the bone turnover rate went down and a rate of cortical porosity returned to normal level. From these results it was postulated that PTH was effective in activating low remodeling of the skeleton.

Animals↗