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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Effect of fasting and transportation on various physiological parameters and meat quality of slaughter hogs.

Forty-nine slaughter hogs were transported and fasted or fasted with no transport for 0 (no transport), 24, 48 and 72 h. Blood samples were taken before treatments were imposed and again prior to slaughter. Soft tissues of the ham were chemically analyzed and loin samples were evaluated by a sensory panel. Fasting and transportation decreased plasma triiodothyronine and hematocrit and increased plasma osmolality. Preslaughter treatment did not affect juiciness or desirability of cooked chops or percentage of fat in the ham soft tissues. These data suggest that although fasting and transporting of slaughter hogs may disrupt homeostasis of pigs, such physiological changes do not negatively affect meat quality.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Use of medetomidine-ketamine and atipamezole for reversible immobilization of free-ranging hog deer (Axis porcinus) captured in drive nets.

A combination of 0.05 mg/kg medetomidine and 1.5 mg/kg ketamine was used to immobilize nine adult free-ranging hog deer (Axis porcinus) captured in drive nets in the Royal Bardia National Park, Nepal, 22-23 February 2000. The drugs were administered intramuscularly from separate syringes and the mean time (+/-SD) to complete immobilization was 4.6+/-1.0 min. Muscle relaxation was good and no major clinical side effects were seen. Mean values for physiologic parameters, recorded at 10-12 and 18-20 min after drug administration, were 40.6+/-0.5 and 41.1+/-0.6 C, 87+/-5 and 84+/-4%, 107+/-16 and 113+/-16 beats/ min, and 46+/-9 and 40+/-8 breaths/min for rectal temperature, SpO2, pulse rate, and respiratory rate, respectively. All animals received 0.25 mg/ kg atipamezole intramuscularly 20-22 min after administration of medetomidine-ketamine and the mean time to coordinated running was 4.8+/-0.8 min. All animals survived for at least 5 mo post-capture. To reduce stress and to facilitate handling, medetomidine-ketamine and atipamezole are recommended for reversible immobilization of free-ranging hog deer captured in drive nets.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of monoclonal antibodies for studying the classical hog cholera virus].

Numerous monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to hog cholera virus are a highly specific and effective instrument for studies of this agent. Panels of MAb for differential diagnosis of Pestiviruses are characterized. International reference panel of 30 MAbs is a result of cooperation of European scientists; it was approved as the official reference for assessing all available and new diagnostic agents. MAb permit intraspecies differentiation between hog cholera virus strains and, which is particularly important, between vaccine and field strains. Study of antigenic structure and functional characteristics of surface proteins of the virus with the use of MAb panels helped single out and map the functions of four antigenic sites of surface glycoprotein E2 and detect a relationship between RNAse activity and structural component of another surface glycoprotein E0.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dissolution fluid and presence of hog intestinal barrier on the dissolution of theophylline from bioadhesive granules.

The effect of dissolution fluid and the presence of a natural barrier (hog intestine) on the release of theophylline from some bioadhesive granules is presented. A higher quantity of the drug was released in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) than O. IN HCl. When a hog intestine was used as the diffusion barrier, the availability of the drug through the barrier into the sink solution was low, ranging from 20-35%.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1975

Stabilization of hog cholera virus by dimethyl sulfoxide.

The stability of hog cholera virus through five freeze-thaw cycles in the presence and absence of dimethyl sulfoxide was studied. In the absence of dimethyl sulfoxide the hog cholera virus titer was reduced 52% to 91% following successive freezing and thawing cycles. However, when dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the viral suspension the virus titer appeared to remain the same after the same number of freezing and thawing cycles.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Antibody formation in swine vaccinated with a lapinized K-vaccine and serum against hog cholera].

Immunized were experimentally a total of 10 pigs with 2 cu. cm lapinized K vaccine and 10 cu. cm swine fever serum each. Reimmunization was performed a month later using only vaccine. After three and a half months the experimental pigs were included into the group of pigs producing serum against swine fever that were preliminary simultaneously immunized against hog cholera by the classical method. Swine fever antibodies in the serum of the experimental pigs showed a concentration that was equal to that in the serum of the regular donors as in both cases the serum titer ranged within the limits of 0.10 to 0.12 cu. cm per kilogram body weight. It is concluded that pigs intended for serum producers can be immunized with a lapinized K vaccine and serum against swine fever on the farms supplying the animals. After building up the basic immunity, which lasts about three and a half months the pigs could be bought over and included for serum production. Thus, the pathogenic hog cholera virus of the simultaneous immunization at the Institute (producer of serum) will be eliminated, economizing forage and labor and premises for several months, which are necessary for serum producing pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Is feeding of green silage in areas with hog cholera in wild boar a danger for domestic swine herds? Experimental study].

In an experimental study we tested the survival of hog cholera virus (HCV) contained in pieces of muscular tissue and organs from experimentally infected swine after incubation in silage. In big (diameter greater than 20 cm) muscular pieces HCV survived even in excellent mineral acid silage (pH 3.8-4.0) after a storage of 5 months. On the other hand in smaller parts (musculature tissue, organs less than 20 cm diameter) we never found virulent HCV after 3 months of incubation. Independent of the size of the tested organs we did not find any virulent HCV in silage with pH 5.2 after 3 months. The results of our investigations show, that the feeding of green silage in areas with hog cholera among wild boar is a potential risk for the domestic swine population. In conclusion we propose to feed green silage to unvaccinated pigs in such areas only after a storage of 9 month.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Swine buffy coat culture: an aid to the laboratory diagnosis of hog cholera.

A 2-step technique for the isolation of hog cholera (HC) virus consisting of an initial culture on buffy coat (BC) cultures and subinoculation to a pig kidney cell line (PK-15) was described. By this technique, HC virus was confirmed in specimens from 65 herds in which the conventional cell culture isolation technique failed. The herds were located in 20 states and Puerto Rico. Specimens from 29 of the 65 herds were inoculated into specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. Hog cholera virus was recovered from 27 of the test pigs. The 2 pigs from which virus was not recovered had signs of acute infection and, on necropsy, had gross lesions of HC infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Protection tests in pigs vaccinated with the lapinized Chinese strain of hog cholera virus (HCV) previously adapted in a minipig kidney (MPK) cell line, to challenge infection with virulent HCV.

Pigs which had been vaccinated with the Lapinized Chinese strain of Hog Cholera Virus previously adapted in a minipig cell line cultures (MPK-LC-HCV), resultet to be protected when they were subjected to challenge infection with virulent Hog Cholera Virus (HCV) 6 or 11 months later. The challenge virus was never isolated from any of the vaccinated pigs. The MPK-LC-HCV vaccine induced a significant rise of the antibody titer to the HCV in pigs kept under field conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A new approach for the diagnosis of hog cholera.

Pestiviruses were isolated from seven cases of suspect hog cholera. Using peroxidase conjugates of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) six isolates were identified as hog cholera viruses (HCV), while one isolate was of ruminant origin, possibly bovine viral diarrhea virus. In parallel attempts were made to develop an ELISA for the detection of HCV-specific antibodies in pig sera. The Mab HCTC26 coated to polystyrol plates efficiently captured the major viral glycoprotein gp53 from crude antigen suspensions prepared from infected cells. The immobilized gp53 served as diagnostic antigen. Five pigs experimentally infected with the HCV strain Glentorf were sequentially bled and the development of antibodies was monitored by neutralization tests and the ELISA. Results showed that both tests detected antibodies simultaneously after infection. Titres measured by ELISA were slightly higher than those registered by neutralization.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Preparation of pancreatin and purification of lipase from hog pancreas.

Pancreatin containing high activities of proteolytic enzymes, amylase and lipase was prepared from optimally autolyzed hog pancreas. About one hundred grams of pancreatin were obtained from one kilogram of hog pancreas. Lipase was purified from the pancreatin preparation through steps of mild alkaline solution extraction, removing proteolytic enzymes by affinity adsorption, first ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration, and secondary ammonium sulfate fractionation. By these steps, the purity of the enzyme increased 14 fold and the recovery of the enzyme activity was 33%. The purified lipase was not homogeneous and contained several contaminating proteins when examined by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Amylases↗
PubMed1985

Identification of linoleic and oleic acids as endogenous Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors from acute volume-expanded hog plasma.

Na+,K+-ATPase inhibitors have been found to exist in acutely saline-infused hog plasma, which also inhibit the specific binding of ouabain to Na+,K+-ATPase and the binding of digoxin to specific anti-digoxin antibody. Two of these inhibitors were purified by a combination of Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption chromatography and 3 steps of high-performance liquid chromatography. Reverse phase, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry identified these substances as linoleic (18:2) and oleic acids (18:1). A significant increase in the ouabain-displacing activity was observed in hog plasma during saline infusion. The maximal level reached was approximately 10 times higher than that of the preinfusion plasma sample. The two unsaturated fatty acids contributed to approximately 52% of the total ouabain-displacing activity after 120 min of saline infusion. The increased fatty acid levels in volume-expanded plasma are sufficient for an extensive inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. These results strongly suggest that free unsaturated fatty acids in plasma regulate extracellular fluid volume in a pathological volume-expanded condition through modulation of Na+,K+-ATPase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

The purification and concentration of hog cholear virus with electron micrographs (a preliminary note).

Cell-cultured hog cholera virus was partially purified by chromatography on pulverized magnetic ferric oxide. Infectivity yields of 50 to 100% were obtained with a 90 to 95% reduction in extraneous organic nitrogen. Concentration and further purification of infectious virus were achieved by rate-zonal and isopycnic ultra-centrifugations in buffered cesium chloride. Density determinations obtained from the isopycnic experiments indicate a buoyant density of 1.14-1.15 gm/ml for the strain of virus used. Electron microscopy of negatively stained samples of concentrated infective virus from one isopycnic experiment revealed 40- to 40-mmicro virus-like particles and a large number of 12- to 15 mmicro entities. The 40- to 50-mmicro particles were surrounded by a poorly defined, asymmetrically arranged sac-like membrane or appendage. It is suggested that the images of the 40- to 50-mmicro particles represent the infective virion of hog cholera virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Occurrence of the enzymes effecting the conversion of acetyl CoA to squalene in homogenates of hog aorta.

Homogenates and subcellular fractions of the intimamedia of hog aorta have been prepared and examined for the presence of the enzymes catalyzing the conversion of acetyl CoA to squalene. Enzyme activities effecting the conversion of acetyl CoA to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate (HMG); HMG CoA to mevalonic acid; mevalonic acid to 5-phosphomevalonic acid, 5-pyrophosphomevalonic acid, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate; isopentenyl pyrophosphate to farnesyl pyrophosphate; and farnesyl pyrophosphate to squalene have been demonstrated in these homogenates. The overall conversion of mevalonate to squalene has also been demonstrated with recombined fractions of hog aorta homogenates. Data are also presented that suggest that phosphatases present in the crude homogenates act to cleave farnesyl pyrophosphate to farnesol, and phospho- and pyrophosphomevalonate to mevalonate.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗
PubMed1979

Serological evidence of H1 influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs.

Classical H1 influenza firus infection among Japanese hogs was confirmed in 1978 by serological examination. Of 820 swine sera collected from July 1977 to February 1979 in Miyagi Prefecture, northern Japan, six sera were found to contain haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to the A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) strain. Of the six sera, one showed a significant high HI antibody titre, which was classified as IgM, to the FM1 strain, but not the other H1N1 variants. These results strongly suggest that hogs may carry an old type of H1 influenza virus. The possible role of pigs as a reservoir of human pandemic influenza strains is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Thermal inactivation of hog cholera virus in ham.

Experiments were conducted to determine the temperatures required to inactivate hog cholera virus (HCV) in fresh ham after 1 minute and in cured and processed (canned) ham after 90 minutes. A momentary or "flash" temperature of 71 C for 1 minute caused inactivation of the virus in 15 of 15 cubes (2 cm3) of ham. Hog cholera virus was destroyed in 21 of 21 canned hams (weighing 0.91 kg each) when an internal temperature of 65 C was sustained for 90 minutes. Pigs were found to be more sensitive than tissue culture cells for detecting viable HCV in heat-processed fresh hams. Virus was isolated by tissue culture technique only from those hams exposed to temperatures below 61 C. The relative concentration of HCV in unheated cured hams of experimentally infected pigs varied over a wide range; these pigs were inoculated with the virulent Ames strain and were killed on postinfection day 6 or 7.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Replication of hog cholera virus in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures.

Eight hog cholera viral strains were tested for virulence for pigs and ability to replicate in porcine alveolar macrophage cultures. Of them, five were virulent and replicated well in the macrophage culture. The other three were avirulent and grew less remarkably in this culture than them. It was suggested that the ability of the hog cholera viral strains to replicate in porcine macrophages might be correlated with their virulence.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A 56,000-dalton renin-binding protein in hog kidney is an endogenous renin inhibitor.

Renin-binding protein (RBP) in hog kidney was characterized and identified as a renin inhibitor. The molecular weight (Mr) of rBP is 56,000 when estimated by gel filtration. Its isoelectric point is 4.9. Upon binding to renin, it forms a renin.RBP complex with Mr = 113,000 as revealed by sedimentation equilibrium using an air-driven ultracentrifuge (Airfuge). The renin.RBP complex, formed by incubating hog kidney extract at 37 degrees C, is inactive when assayed with little dilution. On extensive dilution, however, this complex dissociates and acquires renin activity. The equilibrium between renin and renin.RBP complex and the equilibration rate were also studied by high performance liquid chromatographic gel filtration. The equilibrium was shifted to the complex, suggesting that RBP is present in an excess of renin in the kidney. The complex was shown to dissociate during the gel filtration due to rapid equilibration. Therefore, the elution position of the complex varied depending on flow rates, thereby making it difficult to determine the Mr of the complex by gel filtration. The renin.RBP complex is unlikely to occur in the normal kidney because renin and RBP are localized in the granule and cytosol fractions, respectively. RBP may provide security against accidental rupture of renin granules under abnormal circumstances.

Animals↗