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At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Natural history of trisomy 18 and trisomy 13: I. Growth, physical assessment, medical histories, survival, and recurrence risk.

The natural history of trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 was investigated using data derived from parent questionnaires and medical records from 98 families with an index case of trisomy 18 and 32 families with an index case of trisomy 13. Data are presented on pregnancy, delivery, survival, medical complications, immunizations, growth, cause of death, cytogenetics, and recurrence risk. Half of the trisomy 18 babies were delivered by C-section. Fetal distress was a factor in half, and the only reason in a third of C-section deliveries. One minute Apgar scores were significantly lower in C-section and breech deliveries. There were more small for gestational age babies than in the general population, but most of the low birth weight newborns were small for gestational age, unlike the general population. Survival in this group of children was better than in other studies due to ascertainment bias. There were more girls than boys at all ages for both conditions, and the sex ratio decreased with time. Growth curves for length, weight, head circumference, and weight vs height are provided. Long-term survival did not appear to be due to mosaicism. We found no adverse reactions attributable to immunizations. At age 1 year there was an average of approximately 2 operations per living child. We report the second case of successful major cardiac surgery in a trisomy 18 child. Almost 70% of deaths were attributed to cardiopulmonary arrest. The sibling recurrence risk for trisomy 18 or trisomy 13 was 0.55%.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2001

The metabolic basis of life history variation: genetic and phenotypic differences in lipid reserves among life history morphs of the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus.

The flight-capable morph of the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus, accumulated a substantially greater quantity of total lipid and triglyceride, compared with the obligately flightless morph, during the first five days of adulthood. Increased lipid accumulation in the flight-capable morph was genetically based, and was produced when ovarian growth is substantially reduced in that morph. Temporal changes in lipid levels suggest that the higher triglyceride reserves in the flight-capable morph fed a high-nutrient diet were produced by elevated lipid biosynthesis. By contrast, on a low-nutrient or high carbohydrate diet, increased lipid levels in the flight-capable morph appeared to result primarily from decreased lipid utilization. Increased biosynthesis or retention of triglyceride (the major flight fuel in Gryllus) by the flight-capable morph may significantly divert nutrients from egg production and hence may be an important physiological cause of its reduced ovarian growth. The obligately flightless morph allocated a greater proportion of total lipid to phospholipid than did the flight-capable morph. No functionally-significant differences in total lipid or triglyceride were produced between morphs during the last nymphal stadium. A second flightless morph, derived from the flight-capable morph by histolysis of flight muscles during adulthood, also had reduced amounts of total lipid and triglyceride but increased ovarian growth compared with the flight capable morph on the standard (high-nutrient) diet. Important qualitative and quantitative aspects of lipid metabolism differ genetically between the flight-capable and flightless morphs of G. firmus and likely contribute importantly to their respective adaptations for flight capability vs. reproduction. This is the first study to document genetically-based differences in energy reserves between morphs of a complex (phase, caste, flight) polymorphism in which morphs also differ genetically in key life history traits.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Family history and schizophrenia: characteristics of groups with and without positive family histories.

Social and demographic characteristics were examined retrospectively in a sample of 475 hospitalized schizophrenics to test the hypothesis that they can be meaningfully distinguished by the presence or absence of psychiatric disorders in their relatives. Cases with a positive family history of psychiatric disorders (FHP cases) were significantly more likely to have been born in the United Kingdom and to have had older mothers. Those who had relatives with psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed as schizo-affective. The findings are thought to reflect a constitutional trait in parents of FHP cases leading to delayed child bearing. They also support the 'environmental stress' theory of immigrant psychosis and the hypothesized genetic link between schizo-affective and affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypothesis: a history of hypothyroidism or a family history of pernicious anaemia are useful in identifying masked pernicious anaemia in elderly patients with microcytic hypochromic anaemia.

Of 2200 consecutive patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit, 58 had microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Twenty of these (34%) had serum vitamin B12 below the normal range. Eleven (19%) had malabsorption of vitamin B12 in eight of whom (14%) this was due to pernicious anaemia (PA). This study re-emphasizes the need for screening for PA in patients with microcytic hypochromic anaemia, particularly those with a family history or who have recognized associated diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The history of the walls of the Acropolis of Athens and the natural history of secondary fracture healing process.

During its long and adventurous history, the Acropolis of Athens has been a site of many dramatic events. It suffered its most disastrous destruction during the Persian wars. Under the command of King Xerxes, the Persians invaded Athens and ruined the Temple of the Parthenon and the walls of the Acropolis. After their victorious sea battle at Salamis, the Athenians, led by Themistocles, returned home and tried to repair the damage. Their priority still was to defend their city by restoring the walls of the Acropolis. Materials of all kinds were salvaged from the ruins of the Acropolis and used for an immediate reconstruction of the walls. Later, when the Athenians became the leaders of the Greek world, it was decided that the walls should be rebuilt in a proper artistic way. Themistocles suggested that a small section of the walls, which had formerly been a part of the urgent restoration, should remain in place so as to remind the citizens of this historical event. This is a characteristic example of the biological and mechanical adaptation of fracture callus to musculoskeletal function. After a period of urgency with the fixation of a fracture by means of a primitive secondary callus formation, the broken limb gradually returns to its usual function. Increased mechanical loading enhances the remodelling of the callus and the replacement of woven bone with lamellar bone.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The competency model of old age: possibilities in clinico-psychiatric interpretation exemplified by a history group (oral history group)].

Regardless of the increasing prevalence of gerontopsychiatric diseases the increase of age-related treatments is only gradual. Due to the deficit centered image of elderly patients, which impairs the physician-patient interaction, the proper perception of cognitive and social competences of these patients within the clinical routine is impeded. To start a first approach to an age-related treatment format in regard to the "assets" of elderly patients an "oral history"-group was established in a general psychiatric ward that stressed topic-related autobiographical memories of daily life occurrences. The author proposes that elderly patients who attempt to give an age-related contribution within the social framework of a general psychiatric ward feel better about their illness.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The natural history of dysplastic nevi. A case history illustrating their evolution.

A 31-year-old man with familial dysplastic nevus syndrome presented with numerous histologically confirmed dysplastic nevi. Seven years before this, all of his nevi, numbering over 150, had been "prophylactically" removed. Despite the removal of all visible nevi, many new nevocellular nevi and atypical nevi appeared during the subsequent seven years. This case illustrates the natural history of dysplastic nevi and suggests that removal of all nevi to prevent melanoma may be futile.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis of trauma history and 16 other history and dental cofactors in females with temporomandibular disorders.

The simultaneous contribution of 11 occlusal factors, dental attrition severity, orthodontic history, trauma (motor vehicle accident [MVA] and non-MVA), and age in defining two independent large populations of females diagnosed with five mutually exclusive temporomandibular disorders was tested through multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis. Non-MVA trauma was significant in both groups in defining disc displacement (DD) with and without reduction, and osteoarthrosis (OA) (both primary and following DD). Anterior open bite was also a significant factor in defining OA in both groups. Much smaller contributions were also made by missing teeth in one of the populations with OA following DD, and by retruded contact position-intercuspal position slide lengths and overjet in one of the primary OA populations. Motor vehicle accident trauma was significant in defining myofascial pain (MP) in both populations, and laterotrusive attrition mildly defined MP in one population. Only a minority of total variance was explained: 6% to 8% of DD with reduction; 10% to 14% of DD without reduction; 11% to 20% of OA following DD; 17% to 38% of primary OA; and 4% to 10% of MP. Non-MVA trauma was the major defining feature of the temporomandibular joint intracapsular disorders, and MVA trauma explained a very small percentage of the MP patients. Implications are discussed and recommendations are made for future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[True and artificial leeches and their use in otology. Images from the history of otorhinolaryngology, presented with instruments from the Ingolstadt German Medical History Museum collection].

Based on the concepts of humoral pathology in former centuries bloodletting was used as remedy to great extent, systematically by puncturing a vein or locally by scarification and cupping glasses. In the 18th and 19th century leeches were introduced and applied in huge numbers to cure all conceivable affections including diseases of the ear. J. M. G. Itard in Paris in 1821 for treating various types of hearing disorders recommended to place leeches at the anus or in the nose to imitate bleeding of haemorrhoids or nose-bleeds, which were considered natural resources of the body to cope with disorders of the humours. H. Schwartze in Halle in 1885 still followed this suggestion. W. R. Wilde in Dublin in 1842 and A. F. von Tröltsch in Würzburg 1867 advocated local blood-letting by leeches around the external ear. The surgeon Ch. L. St. Heurteloup in Paris 1840 invented an artificial leech, which was soon widely used in otology and ophthalmology. After the first World War the application of leeches became obsolete. The humoral pathology had found new approaches: immunology including stimulation of the inherent bodily means of defence, and rheology, particularly haemodilution. The historical development and the technique of applying live and artificial leeches in otology are described in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The monochord, its path from Pythagorean musicology to testing the upper auditory tone limit. Pictures from the history of otorhinolaryngology, represented by instruments of the Ingolstadt German Medical History Museum].

The monochord consists of a frame with a string or pianowire stretched across it. The length of the wire can be varied by a movable bridge. The string or wire is plucked, hit, or bowed, producing transverse vibrations. In this mode the number of vibrations per second is dependent on the length, tension, and thickness of the string. In ancient times, the Pythagoreans used such an instrument to study the natural laws underlying musical intervals; in the 19th century it also served for various other physical experiments. F. A. Schulze, physicist in Marburg, Germany, introduced the monochord for testing the upper tone limit in 1908. He produced longitudinal vibrations by rubbing the wire with a piece of felt moistened with benzol. The vibrations of this mode are dependent only on the length of the wire and the elasticity of the material; they are independent of its tension and thickness. H. J. L. Struycken, otologist in Breda, Holland, presented an improved type of monochord in 1910 which also allowed testing bone conduction. K. L. Schaefer, physiologist in Berlin, modified Struycken's instrument in such a way that bowing the wire or hitting it with a small hammer also produced transverse vibrations. This enlarged the range of tones in the lower region. In this combined version the monochord was an indispensable piece of hearing testing equipment before the era of electronic audiometers. The technical development and clinical application of the monochord is described in detail.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗