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A virtual team group process.

Virtual teams are a phenomenon of the Information Era and their existence in health care is anticipated to increase with technology enhancements such as telehealth and groupware. The mobilization and support of high performing virtual teams are important for leading knowledge-based health professionals in the 21st century. Using an adapted McGrath group development model, the four staged maturation process of a virtual team consisting of four masters students is explored in this paper. The team's development is analyzed addressing the interaction of technology with social and task dynamics. Throughout the project, leadership competencies of value to the group that emerged were demonstrated and incorporated into the development of a leadership competency assessment instrument. The demonstration of these competencies illustrated how they were valued and internalized by the group. In learning about the work of this virtual team, the reader will gain understanding of how leadership impacts virtual team performance.

Group Processes↗
PubMed1994

A conceptual framework for outcomes research in arthroscopic meniscectomy: results of a nominal group process.

Standard measures for the assessment of arthroscopic knee surgery are needed, as existing instruments do not cover the full range of relevant outcomes. Using a modified nominal group technique, a panel of orthopedic surgeons and methodologists developed a conceptual framework for the assessment of arthroscopic knee procedures. The outcome domains included in the evaluation comprised traditional measures such as range of motion, complications, and other objective parameters, as well as patient-centered variables such as health status and satisfaction. Independent variables that might influence the outcome of surgery included traditional measures such as knee alignment as well as comorbidity and patient expectations. This conceptual framework should allow a more comprehensive, patient-centered assessment of the outcome of arthroscopic meniscectomy.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed2000

Group process: the black box of studies on problem-based learning.

A considerable number of medical schools worldwide have implemented, at least in part, a problem-based learning (PBL) approach in their curricula. Research to date has largely neglected the issue of the actual activities and learning processes that mediate and moderate the relationship between these programs and their cognitive outcomes. In this essay the authors discuss the few studies that have empirically investigated what students actually do in PBL tutorials, which arguably is the pivotal mediating process. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to observe, identify, and describe group activities (such as brainstorming and the joint identification of learning issues) that promote interactionally shared and achieved cognition. However, such studies have been confined to case studies in which isolated fragments of tutorials have been analyzed and described. Future studies need to provide a broader description and analysis of actually performed cognitive activities in all relevant phases of the entire PBL process.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

Grouping processes in visual search: effects with single- and combined-feature targets.

We report evidence for spatially parallel visual search for targets defined by combinations of form elements in visual search. In Section 1, we show that flat search functions occur for combined-form targets when distractor forms are homogeneous and can be grouped together, thus segmenting the target from the distractors. Introducing heterogeneous distractors lessens distractor grouping and can produce serial search. These results cannot be easily attributed to subjects' use of local feature information to discriminate targets. Instead, they suggest that grouping can operate at a level at which combined form information is represented. In Section 2 we show that these grouping effects are spatially scaled by the size of the stimuli. In Section 3 we show that heterogeneity does not prevent flat search functions when the target has a unique defining feature. The data are interpreted in terms of a hierarchical processing system involving both devoted single-feature and combined-feature (junction) maps. Grouping processes can operate at both the single-feature and the combined-form levels. Selection in visual search remains confined to one object description at a time, but this description can be at various spatial scales, including that at the level of grouped forms.

Attention↗
PubMed1996

Application of group process model to performance appraisal development in a CQI environment.

Health care administrators have been faced with the challenge of developing performance appraisal instruments that balance continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiatives with the potential legal liabilities surrounding employee performance. Although the literature offers many examples of performance appraisal instruments, there is no real roadmap of how those charged with developing such an instrument can successfully go through the process. This article documents one pediatric hospital's experience in developing this needed device.

Employee Performance Appraisal↗
PubMed1990

Group processes involved in coming to terms with a mentally retarded identity.

A growing body of research has documented the existence of the problem of stigma among people with mental retardation. Normalization-based services often seem to collude with current consensus, which indicates that the best way to cope with stigma is by "passing" for "normal." In the present paper we presented an alternative method of dealing with stigma, namely, group therapy based on the two paradigms of loss and consciousness raising. In talking about their experiences with retardation and stigma, seven group members passed through six stages: denial, statement, recognition, exploration, meaning, and acceptance. Implications of this approach for working with people who have mental retardation were discussed.

Adult↗